This document provides an overview of planning and initial activities in Odisha, India. It summarizes key facts about Odisha's geography, climate, land use, crops production, and challenges facing rice cultivation. It then outlines initial project activities including demonstrations of zero-tillage practices for mustard and maize, training farmers on mechanization, selecting sites for nutrient management experiments, and immediate plans to sow green gram using a zero-till seed drill and conduct demonstrations on mechanical transplanting.

2. Planning and initial activities in Odisha

3. Locational map of the project
India Odisha
Bhadrak Puri

4. • Occupies 4.7 % of India’s area
• Inhabitates 3.58 % human & 4.8%
livestock
• 1451 mm annual rainfall
• 10.4 % water resources
• 480 km coast length & 2400 sq km
continental shelf
• 10 agroclimatic zones
• Rich biodiversity
– 2 out of 22 Agro-biodiversity hot spots (Koraput, Mayurbhanj)
– 3 Biosphere Reserves (Bhitarakanika, Semilipal, Chilka)
• Congenial climate for cultivation of most of the crops
• Frequent natural calamities (35 times in last 45 years)

5. Land use classification
Area in m ha
Geographical area 15.571
Non-Agricultural Use 1.298
Forest 5.813
Permanent Pasture 0.494
Current fallow 0.576
Barren / Unculturable 0.840
Other fallow 0.229
Culturable waste 0.375
Trees / grooves 0.342
Cultivable area 6.180
High 2.914 (47.2 %) Soil acidity 4.00
Medium 1.755 (28.4 %) Soil erosion 2.60
Low 1.511 (24.4 %) Soil salinity 0.40
Total 6.180 (100%) Water logging 0.30

6. Major key indicators of the selected districts
Area in ’000 ha (2010-11)
Fertilizer
Geogra Net Kharif Rabi Cropping Gross
Cultivated consump
Districts phical area
cropped Cropped cropped intensity irrigated
(%) tion
area area area area area
(kg/ha)
Bhadrak 250 176 168 160 40 137 139 147
Dhenkanal 445 186 150 143 83 180 84 35
Koraput 881 304 289 268 83 155 132 46
Mayurbhanj 1042 437 352 339 71 133 147 49
Nayagarh 389 134 126 123 90 191 63 32
Puri 348 189 135 128 128 208 153 70
Odisha 15571 6180 5946 5421 2611 167 3106 63

7. Area, production and productivity of important crops in Odisha
Crop Area Production Productivity
( ‘000 ha) (‘000 t) (kg/ha)
Rice 4225 6931 1640
Maize 252 649 2570
Total cereals 4703 7770 1652
Green gram 836 362 434
Black gram 617 265 430
Horse gram 244 94 385
Total pulses 2079 999 481
Sesame 260 100 385
Groundnut 247 416 1680
Mustard 112 42 375
Total oil seeds 770 638 828
Total vegetable 698 9027 12922

8. Rice in Odisha
 In Odisha, rice is synonymous with food,
and agriculture to a large extent means growing rice.
 Age-old social customs and festivals in Orissa have strong
relevance to different phases of rice cultivation:
 91 % of area under cereals
 93 % of total cereal production
 65 % of area under food grains
 83 % of total food grains production

9. Rice ecosystems in Odisha
Ecosystems Area under Major stress (physical)
rice (mha)
I. Rainfed 3.3 75 %
Upland 0.7 Drought prone
Medium land 0.4 Fairly stress free
Low land 2.2
Shallow water 1.2 Water logging less severe and
flood prone
Semi deep water 0.8 Water logging and flood
Deep water 0.2 Early drought, flood and water
logging
II Irrigated 0.8 25 % Water logging and poor
Kharif (bunded) (Upland, drainage too much irrigation
Medium land, Low lands) and rain water
Rabi 0.24 Low temperature at early
seedling stage.

10. Causes of low rice yield in Orissa
 Limited scope of water mang. Rice productivity (kg/ha)
 Cloudiness
(BSH: 4.9 June, 4.1 July,
Highest World
4.2 Aug.,5.4 Sept.)
9 13 5
India Orissa
 Natural calamities 10000
 Low soil fertility
8000
 Low & imbalance use of fert.
3 9 16
 Problematic soil 6000 2 9 15
 Poor seed replacement 2077
4000
 Poor plant stand
 Heavy infestation of pests 2000
 Poor adoption of imprv. tech.
 Poor socio-economic status of 0
1
farmers

11. PLANNING AND ACTIVITIES

12. Visit of Director General IRRI
Meeting with Experts

13. Demonstration on Mustard and Maize under Zero till condition

14. Demand analysis study
Puri (Nuasahi) Dhenkanal (Bhangamal)
Puri (Nuasahi) Dhenkanal (Bhangamal)

15. Training on farm mechanization

16. Site selection for SSNM experiments

17. Fertilizer requirements for nutrient management in Maize (Hybrid)
cultivation (Yield target 8t/ha)
Fert. Micro-
Fertilizer N Fertilizer K2O
P2O5 nutrients
Total Total Basal K2O Lime
Treatment code N at N at
Total N Basal N P2O5 K2O K2O at V10 S (PMS
V6 V10
(kg (kg (kg (kg (kg (kg B Zn t/ha)
(kg (kg
N/ha) N/ha) P2O5/h K2O/ha K2O/h K2O/h
N/ha N/ha)
a) ) a) a)
T1 -Farmers’ practice Variable Variable Variable 0
T2 -N Omission +( Micro- 0 0 0 0 115 160 80 80 10 25 20 5
nutrient +S) +lime
T3 -P Omission +( Micro- 180 60 60 60 0 160 80 80 10 25 20 5
nutrient +S) +lime
T4 -K Omission +( Micro- 180 60 60 60 115 0 0 0 10 25 20 5
nutrient +S) +lime
T5 -NPK+ Lime+(Micro- 180 60 60 60 115 160 80 80 10 25 20 5
nutrient+ S)
T6 -NPK-Lime+( Micro- 180 60 60 60 115 160 80 80 10 25 20 0
nutrient +S)
T7 -NPK+ Lime -( Micro- 180 60 60 60 115 160 80 80 0 0 0 5
nutrient +S)
T8 -Nutrient Expert for maize 10 25 20 5
Variable Variable Variable
recommendation
T9-State recommendation 120 60 60 0 60 60 60 0 10 25 20 5
15 experiments (10 in Puri and 5 in Bhadrak)

18. Sowing of Maize in Puri and Bhadrak
Visit of the MT members to the farmers’ fields

19. Fertilizer requirements for nutrient management in Rice (Hybrid)
cultivation (Yield target 8t/ha)
Fertilizer N Fert. Fertilizer K2O Micro-
P2O5 nutrients S
Total N Basal N at N at Total Total Basal K2O at B Zn
Treatment code (kg N (kg Active Panicle P2O5 K2O K2O Panicle
N/ha) N/ha) tillering initiati (kg (kg (kg initiatio
(kg on (kg P2 O 5 / K2O K2O/h n (kg
N/ha N/ha) ha) /ha) a) K2O/ha)
T1- Farmers’ practice Variable Variable Variabl 0 0 0
e
T2-N Omission +( Micro-nutrient +S) 0 0 0 0 80 90 45 45 10 25 20
T3-P Omission +( Micro-nutrient +S) 200 90 55 55 0 90 45 45 10 25 20
T4-K Omission +( Micro-nutrient +S) 200 90 55 55 80 0 0 0 10 25 20
T5-NPK+ (Micro-nutrient+ S) 200 90 55 55 80 90 45 45 10 25 20
T6-NPK-( Micro-nutrient +S) 200 90 55 55 80 90 45 45 10 25 20
*25 experiments (15 in Puri and 10 in Bhadrak)

20. Some important Issues and interventions
Issues Entry points
Non availability and high cost of DSR, Mechanical transplanting, use
Labour of weedicides
Low water use efficiency Laser leveling
Poor utilization of residual zero tillage, minimum tillage
moisture after rice
Imbalance fertilization SSNM
Lack of knowledge Training
(Capacity building)
Distress sale and poor marketing Market network and business model
of produce
Non availability of inputs in time Dealer network , service provider

21. Our immediate activities
• Sowing of green gram in Puri and Bhadrak district using ZT seed drill
in farmers’ field in collaboration with the Agriculture Department.
• Demonstration on mechanical transplanting at KVK Puri and Bhadrak
• Training on DSR and mechanical transplanting
• Demand analysis in Puri and Bhadrak districts using RRA tool
• Partners identification and SWOT