2/23/2017 1 Women’s Rights Are Human Rights Chapter 6 Objectives  After reading this chapter, you will be able to:  6.1 Discuss the systematic unequal treatment of women through history.  6.2 Critically analyze the Utilitarian arguments for women’s rights.  6.3 Discuss the struggle for women’s rights in the United States and its relation to reproductive rights.  6.4 Explain Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist defense of equality for women. Unequal Treatment for Women  Women are not a minority.  According to the most recent U.S. Census Bureau statistics, American women working full time in 2012 earned on average 77 cents for every dollar men earned.  The figures are still grimmer for minority women: African-American women made 64 cents and Hispanic women made 54 cents for every dollar earned by a white male. 2/23/2017 2 Equal rights and pay…Phyllis Schlafly  “Women typically choose a mate (husband or boyfriend) who earns more than she does. Men don’t have the same preference for a higher-earning mate.  While women prefer to HAVE a higher-earning partner, men generally prefer to BE the higher-earning partner in a relationship. This simple but profound difference between the sexes has powerful consequences for the so-called pay gap. Suppose the pay gap between men and women were magically eliminated. If that happened, simple arithmetic suggests that half of women would be unable to find what they regard as a suitable mate. The best way to improve economic prospects for women is to improve job prospects for the men in their lives, even if that means increasing the so-called pay gap.” Utilitarianism and Marriage  What marriage may be in the case of two persons of cultivated faculties, identical in opinions and purposes, between whom there exists that best kind of equality, similarity of powers and reciprocal superiority in them—so that each can enjoy the luxury of looking up to the other, and can have alternately the pleasure of leading and of being led in the path of development—I will not attempt to describe. To those who can conceive it, there is no need; to those who cannot, it would appear the dream of an enthusiast. But I maintain, with the profoundest conviction, that this, and this only, is the ideal of marriage; and that all opinions, customs, and institutions which favor any other notion of it, or turn the conceptions and aspirations connected with it into any other direction, by whatever pretenses they may be colored, are relics of primitive barbarism.” --John Stuart Mill Taylor and Mill  According to both Taylor Mill and Mill, giving women the same rights and protections under the law as men would have the consequence of increasing the happiness of society as a whole.  Banishing what Mill called “the despotic relationship of husband to wife” and promoting an equal partnership in marriage also would benefit both men and women.  The Uti ...

1. 2/23/2017
1
Women’s Rights Are Human
Rights
Chapter 6
Objectives
through history.
for women’s
rights.
States and its
relation to reproductive rights.
equality for
women.
Unequal Treatment for Women
not a minority.

2. American women working full time in 2012 earned on average
77
cents for every dollar men earned.
-
American
women made 64 cents and Hispanic women made 54 cents for
every dollar earned by a white male.
2/23/2017
2
Equal rights and pay…Phyllis Schlafly
earns more than she does. Men don’t have the same preference
for a higher-earning mate.
-earning partner, men
generally prefer to BE the higher-earning partner in a
relationship.
This simple but profound difference between the sexes has
powerful

3. consequences for the so-called pay gap.
Suppose the pay gap between men and women were magically
eliminated. If that happened, simple arithmetic suggests that
half of
women would be unable to find what they regard as a suitable
mate.
The best way to improve economic prospects for women is to
improve job prospects for the men in their lives, even if that
means
increasing the so-called pay gap.”
Utilitarianism and Marriage
cultivated
faculties, identical in opinions and purposes, between whom
there
exists that best kind of equality, similarity of powers and
reciprocal
superiority in them—so that each can enjoy the luxury of
looking up
to the other, and can have alternately the pleasure of leading
and
of being led in the path of development—I will not attempt to
describe. To those who can conceive it, there is no need; to
those
who cannot, it would appear the dream of an enthusiast. But I
maintain, with the profoundest conviction, that this, and this
only, is

4. the ideal of marriage; and that all opinions, customs, and
institutions
which favor any other notion of it, or turn the conceptions and
aspirations connected with it into any other direction, by
whatever
pretenses they may be colored, are relics of primitive
barbarism.”
--John Stuart Mill
Taylor and Mill
same rights
and protections under the law as men would have the
consequence of increasing the happiness of society as a whole.
husband to
wife” and promoting an equal partnership in marriage also
would
benefit both men and women.
ahead
of their time: Giving women equal education and equal
opportunities, including the right to vote, would not take away
any
of those rights and opportunities from men; it would only mean
that

5. more people had the same opportunities and the same rights.
2/23/2017
3
Feminism in America
often
remains a dream deferred. The far-reaching promise 1964 Civil
Rights Act took and is taking still some time to reach the rights
of
women.
The National Organization for Women (NOW), founded in
1964,
advocated the enforcement of Title IV of the Civil Rights Act as
applied to women, arguing, among other things, for maternity
leave rights in employment and in Social Security benefits,
equal job
training, and the right of women to control their own productive
lives.
Simone de Beauvoir

6. closely
identified with Simone de Beauvoir’s 1949 explosive manifesto
The
Second Sex, which had a defining influence not only on other
European philosophers but also on the burgeoning American
feminist movement.
Germaine
Greer, Gloria Steinem, and many others were inspired by
Beauvoir’s
deceptively simple claim that “No one is born a woman, one
must
learn to become one.”
Fetal Development
I. Pre-embryonic – 2 weeks
II. Embryonic – 2 – 8 weeks
III. Fetal Period – 9th week - birth
2/23/2017
4
3 trimesters, 40 weeks

7. -13 weeks
-26 weeks
-40+ weeks
1st Trimester 1-13 weeks
-8 weeks
Viability
de of mother’s womb.
About 24 weeks.
2/23/2017
5
Under Common Law
homicide.

8. 20th Century
r
months of pregnancy.
“Jane Roe”
was
recruited to be "Jane Roe," the lead plaintiff in the Roe vs.
Wade
class-action lawsuit.
r had an abortion, but instead delivered a
girl,
whom she gave up for adoption.
2/23/2017
6
Sarah Weddington
vs.
Wade class-action lawsuit on behalf of U.S. women.
Norma McCorvey to become the lead
plaintiff as "Jane Roe."

9. Henry Wade
enforcing the Texas abortion laws.
Harry A. Blackmun
ckmun authored the Supreme Court's majority
opinion in
the Roe vs. Wade.
Amendment's
concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action…
or in
the 9th Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is
broad
enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to
terminate her pregnancy.
2/23/2017
7
William H. Rehnquist
vs. Wade.

10. in 1972
in 1986.
accomplish
the seemingly impossible feat of leaving this area of the law
more
confused than it found it."
What the Supreme Court Ruled
woman’s
life.
Since 1973
just under 1 Million
abortions per year.
650,000
abortions in the US annually.

11. had an abortion.
formed on women that have had 3 or more
abortions.
2/23/2017
8
Medically Necessary
medically necessary. 95% of the time the medical diagnosis is
depression.
According to the WHO
Planned Parenthood vs. Casey
e
from
Pennsylvania.

12. 2/23/2017
9
“Undue Burden”
s Constitutional as
well
limitation on public funding.
upon a woman.
Partial Birth Abortion Law
Kopf in
Carhart v. Ashcroft announced that the so-called 'Partial Birth
Abortion Ban,' passed by Congress and signed into law by
George W. Bush in 2003, was unconstitutional and cannot be
enforced.
-page ruling, Judge Kopf wrote that the Act "does
not

13. allow, and instead prohibits, the use of the procedure when
necessary to preserve the health of a woman."
Medical Emergency?
be
performed in less than 15 minutes, whereas a partial birth
abortion
can take many hours. As the name implies, the woman gives
birth
before the fetus is killed in the womb.