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Attempts: Do No Harm: / 4
5. Proofreading to Catch Errors
After you compose your message, you need to proofread. The proofreading process may take longer than the composition process. You don’t want to
spend a lot of time composing the message and then let poor grammar or punctuation prevent your audience from comprehending it.
What should you do when proofreading a complex document? Check all that apply.
Read the following selection, and identify any errors.
Proofreading is an important phase of the writing process. Careful proofreaders check for errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation,
names, numbers, and formatting. When checking spelling, do not rely too heavily on your computer’s spell checker.
Identify the error or style problem in the following sentences.
If anyone wants to come to my office to see my new computer let me know.
Per your request, I am enclosing his comments.
Print a double-spaced copy and set it aside for at least a day.
Read the document at least twice.
Make sure you are the only one who reads it.
Read the document quickly and check for grammatical errors.
This selection contains one spelling error and two comma errors.
This selection contains one spelling error and one comma error.
This selection is correct without any revisions.
Spelling
Grammar
Punctuation
Trite expression
Wordy noun phrase
Redundancy
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4. Enhancing Readability through Document Design
When you compose a message, you want your audience to find the information it needs quickly and to understand it. Your message should be easy to
read and comprehend.
Strategic use of white space improves document readability. Which of the following techniques employ white space? Check all that apply.
Margins determine the reading area of a document.
Complete the following sentence about margins and alignment with the best choices.
Nearly all text in Western cultures is aligned at the , and the right margin may be .
Typeface, font, and size influence how your message is read.
Review the selection, and determine whether the following statement about typeface and ...
Week 4 Quiz BA225 Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1. Managerial accounting applies to each of the following types of businesses except
service firms.
merchandising firms.
manufacturing firms.
managerial accounting applies to all types of firms.
Question 2
1. Managerial accounting does not encompass
calculating product cost.
calculating earnings per share.
determining cost behavior.
profit planning.
Question 3
1. What activities and responsibilities are not associated with management's functions?
Planning
Accountability
Controlling
Directing
Question 4
1. A materials requisition slip showed that direct materials requested were $66,000 and indirect materials requested were $9,000. The entry to record the transfer of materials from the storeroom is
Work In Process Inventory 66,000
Raw Materials Inventory 66,000
Direct Materials 66,000
Indirect Materials 9,000
Work in Process Inventory 75,000
Manufacturing Overhead 75,000
Raw Materials Inventory 75,000
Work In Process Inventory 66,000
Manufacturing Overhead 9,000
Raw Materials Inventory 75,000
Question 5
1. Which one of the following is a source document that impacts the job cost sheet?
Raw materials receiving slips.
Materials purchase orders.
Labor time tickets.
Finished goods shipping documents.
Question 6
1. Equivalent units are calculated by
multiplying the percentage of work done by the equivalent units of output.
dividing physical units by the percentage of work done.
multiplying the percentage of work done by the physical units.
dividing equivalent units by the percentage of work done.
Question 7
1. In a process cost system, product costs are summarized:
on job cost sheets.
on production cost reports.
after each unit is produced.
when the products are sold.
Question 8
1. In traditional costing systems, overhead is generally applied based on
direct labor.
machine hours.
direct material dollars.
units of production.
Question 9
1. Fixed costs normally will not include
property taxes.
direct labor.
supervisory salaries.
depreciation on buildings and equipment.
Question 10
1. Companies recognize fixed manufacturing overhead costs as period costs (expenses) when incurred when using
full costing.
absorption costing.
product costing.
variable costing.
Week 4
Quiz
BA225
Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1.
Managerial accounting applies to each of the following types of businesses except
service firms.
merchandising firms.
manufacturing firms.
managerial accounting applies to all types of firms.
Question 2
1.
Managerial accounting does not encompas
s
calculating product cost.
calculating earnings per share.
determining cost behavior.
profit planning.
Question 3
1.
What activities and responsibilities are not associated with management's functions?
Planning
Week 4 Quiz BA225 Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1. Managerial accounting applies to each .
Strayer cis 348 week 3 assignment 2 business caseshyaminfo30
STRAYER CIS 348 Week 3 Assignment 2 Business Case (2 Papers) NEW
Check this A+ tutorial guideline at
http://www.assignmentcloud.com/cis-348-strayer/cis-348-week-3-assignment-2-business-case-new
For more classes visit
http://www.assignmentcloud.com/
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
CIS 348 Week 3 Assignment 2: Business Case
Due Week 3 and worth 85 points
Imagine that you work as a project manager for a company that buys and sells used textbooks. The main sales channel is a Web application.
Week 4 Quiz BA225 Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1. Managerial accounting applies to each of the following types of businesses except
service firms.
merchandising firms.
manufacturing firms.
managerial accounting applies to all types of firms.
Question 2
1. Managerial accounting does not encompass
calculating product cost.
calculating earnings per share.
determining cost behavior.
profit planning.
Question 3
1. What activities and responsibilities are not associated with management's functions?
Planning
Accountability
Controlling
Directing
Question 4
1. A materials requisition slip showed that direct materials requested were $66,000 and indirect materials requested were $9,000. The entry to record the transfer of materials from the storeroom is
Work In Process Inventory 66,000
Raw Materials Inventory 66,000
Direct Materials 66,000
Indirect Materials 9,000
Work in Process Inventory 75,000
Manufacturing Overhead 75,000
Raw Materials Inventory 75,000
Work In Process Inventory 66,000
Manufacturing Overhead 9,000
Raw Materials Inventory 75,000
Question 5
1. Which one of the following is a source document that impacts the job cost sheet?
Raw materials receiving slips.
Materials purchase orders.
Labor time tickets.
Finished goods shipping documents.
Question 6
1. Equivalent units are calculated by
multiplying the percentage of work done by the equivalent units of output.
dividing physical units by the percentage of work done.
multiplying the percentage of work done by the physical units.
dividing equivalent units by the percentage of work done.
Question 7
1. In a process cost system, product costs are summarized:
on job cost sheets.
on production cost reports.
after each unit is produced.
when the products are sold.
Question 8
1. In traditional costing systems, overhead is generally applied based on
direct labor.
machine hours.
direct material dollars.
units of production.
Question 9
1. Fixed costs normally will not include
property taxes.
direct labor.
supervisory salaries.
depreciation on buildings and equipment.
Question 10
1. Companies recognize fixed manufacturing overhead costs as period costs (expenses) when incurred when using
full costing.
absorption costing.
product costing.
variable costing.
Week 4
Quiz
BA225
Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1.
Managerial accounting applies to each of the following types of businesses except
service firms.
merchandising firms.
manufacturing firms.
managerial accounting applies to all types of firms.
Question 2
1.
Managerial accounting does not encompas
s
calculating product cost.
calculating earnings per share.
determining cost behavior.
profit planning.
Question 3
1.
What activities and responsibilities are not associated with management's functions?
Planning
Week 4 Quiz BA225 Managerial Accounting
Question 1
1. Managerial accounting applies to each .
Strayer cis 348 week 3 assignment 2 business caseshyaminfo30
STRAYER CIS 348 Week 3 Assignment 2 Business Case (2 Papers) NEW
Check this A+ tutorial guideline at
http://www.assignmentcloud.com/cis-348-strayer/cis-348-week-3-assignment-2-business-case-new
For more classes visit
http://www.assignmentcloud.com/
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
CIS 348 Week 3 Assignment 2: Business Case
Due Week 3 and worth 85 points
Imagine that you work as a project manager for a company that buys and sells used textbooks. The main sales channel is a Web application.
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gal.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gallons. Convert all ingredients to pounds (show work) before applying the percentage. Report the percentage; you can do this in decimals. Report the adjusted ingredients in pounds and oz. Example 1.5 pounds = 1 pound and 8 oz.
There are 111 oz in a 10# can of tomato paste
Yield: 17 gallons (one gallon = 42 3 oz servings)
Ground Beef, fine 85/15
8, 10 pounds chubs
Flour
9 1/2 C
Corn Starch
5 pounds
Chili Powder, ground
7 C
Cumin, ground
1 1/2 C
Black Pepper, ground
3/4 C
Onion Poser
7 C
Salt
1 C
Garlic Powder
2 1/2 C
Tomato Paste
3, 10# Can
Water
8 gal
MN610Virtual Private NetworksPage 3 of total pages
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester
T2, 2018
Unit Code
MN610
Unit Title
Virtual Private Networks
Assessment Author
Dr Ammar Alazab
Assessment Type
Individual (Assignment 1)
Assessment Title
Assignment 1 – VPN Technologies and Security issues
Unit Learning Outcomes covered in this assessment
Students should be able to demonstrate their achievements in the following unit learning outcomes:
a. Analyse and discuss the significance of VPN for contemporary organisations and how it addresses their concerns and security issues.
b.Explain the role of VPN, its limitations and works done to address these limitations as well as to supporting the security of businesses and corporations
Weight
15% of Total Assessment
Total Marks
100
Word limit
See instructions
Due Date
6:00 PM, Wednesday 29 August 2018 (Week 7)
Submission Guidelines
· All work must be submitted on Moodle by the due date along with a completed Assignment Cover Page.
· The assignment must be in MS Word format, 1.5 spacing, 11-pt Calibri (Body) font and 2 cm margins on all four sides of your page with appropriate section headings.
· Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report, and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using APA or IEEE referencing style for School of Business and School of Information Technology and Engineering respectively.
Extension
· If an extension of time to submit work is required, a Special Consideration Application must be submitted directly to the School's Administration Officer, in Melbourne on Level 6 or in Sydney on Level 7. You must submit this application three working days prior to the due date of the assignment. Further information is available at:
http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/specialconsiderationdeferment
Academic Misconduct
· Academic Misconduct is a serious offence. Depending on the seriousness of the case, penalties can vary from a written warning or zero marks to exclusion from the course or rescinding the degree. Students should make themselves familiar with the full policy and procedure available at:http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/Plagiarism-Academic-Misconduct-Policy-Procedure.For further information, please r.
INF20015 Requirements Analysis & Modelling
pg. 1
Swinburne University of Technology
Swinburne College
INF20015 – Requirements Analysis and Modelling Assignment
TP 3, 2016
This is a group assignment with a maximum of 3-5 students per group
Part 1: Assessment Value = 10% (see blackboard for due date)
Part 2: Assessment Value = 15% (see blackboard for due date)
Based on the suggested report outline (see later):
Part 1: consists of submission of all aspects of the report up to and including
Process Descriptions.
Part 2: Requires the submission of the entire report with any corrections or
modifications as suggested by your tutor based on the assessment of Part 1. This
part also include object oriented analysis.
Assignment Submission
Parts 1 and 2 each require
Your group report (one copy per group) + A signed Time Contribution Statement
(TCS) (one copy per group which should be in appendix) via the Assignment link on
Blackboard > Assessment.
A Peer Assessment Form (individual) and submit it through the Peer Assessment
submission link on the Blackboard>Assessment>.
DO NOT email the assignment.
If you have any queries you may discuss it in the discussion threads or with your tutor. Any
technical problems, assistance can be obtained from the Swinburne Service Desk (03) 9214
5000.
The aim is that your team should produce a requirements document that describes the
problem to be solved and captures the requirements for an information system that
supports the needs of the given organization as described later in the Case Study
Description. Each student will individually consider possible models and suggestions to
make their recommendation to group report.
If you need clarification on any issues, either speak to your tutor (who will be marking
your assignment and act as a project leader) or ask your questions during lecture time.
INF20015 Requirements Analysis & Modelling
pg. 2
Suggested Report Outline
Assignment part 1:
Cover page
Document Title
Team members and contact details
List of contents1
Executive summary
Introduction
What is the organisation and what does this organisation do?
What is the business problem they are trying to solve OR/ AND what is the
opportunity that they can make use of?
Expected benefits
How would the organisation be better off by solving this problem or taking up this
opportunity?
Analysis of all major business processes using activity diagrams
Note: Each team member is required to draw at least 3 activity diagrams that you
have identified in below case scenario.
Dataflow diagrams and dictionary
Context Diagram (one diagram for the entire system)
Diagram 0 (one diagram for the entire system)
Level 1 Diagrams (each team member need to develop at least 2 level 1 diagrams)
Data Model (ER Diagram) – one ERD diagram for the entire system
.
Sheet1Individual Needs Appointment for Hair StylingEmployee gr.docxlesleyryder69361
Sheet1
Individual Needs Appointment for Hair Styling
Employee greets customer and asks customer last name or phone number
Calls UMUC Haircuts and requests appointment
Is appointment today ?
Does customer want to schedule next appointment?
Is one of the dates/times acceptable?
Does customer want the same stylist as last time?
Previous Customer?
Employee checks stylist availability and times and advises customer
Employee asks customer feedback questions and enters responses into the system
Drives to UMUC Haircuts
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Employee asks customer when the service is desired
Employee tells customer cost and time needed for service
Employee asks customer what services are needed
Employee welcomes customer back and reminds of last appointment and services provided
Cashier enters info from paper receipt to system and advises customer of total charges
Customer receives service; employee documents services completed and time on paper receipt
Appointment scheduled
Customer takes paper receipt to cashier
Payment Process
Stylist selected
NO
NO
YES
Employee gets alternate date/time and/or alternate stylist from customer
Will customer provide feedback?
YES
YES
NO
Customer leaves UMUC Haircuts
Customer completes call or leaves UMUC Haircuts
Employee asks for and enters customer information
UMUC Haircuts Appointment Process
1
3
4
5
6
7
Schedule
9
Process: Enter Time Needed and Cost for Services
Service, Time, Cost
Customers
2
Appoint-ments
Customer pays bill
Employee Scheduling Process
8
Financial Data
Questions/Customer
Responses
Sheet2
Sheet3
This assignment consists of two (2) sections:
· A Java program file
· A screen shot of the output and a description of your Java program
Label each file name according to the section of the assignment for which it is written. Put both sections together in a single zip file and submit the zip file.
Imagine that you work as a Java programmer for a software company. Your company is developing a new interactive learning management tool called uGrade. You have the task of creating the functionality that will allow the user to manually enter names and grades. The program will store this information in parallel arrays. Next, it will prompt the user to sort the date by name or by grade and display the sorted data accordingly in an organized table.
Section 1: Java Program File
1. Create a Java program in which you include:
· a class called “roster”
· attributes, which must be last names and numerical grades, and must also be parallel arrays
· an indefinite loop, which allows the user to manually enter five (5) names and grades and stores them in the array. Note: The loop must end either when the user specifies that they are done or when a maximum of five (5) values have been stored in the arrays, i.e., five (5) names and a corresponding grade for each name.
· an indefinite loop, which prompts the user to select a sorting criterion or to end the program, and must also use bubble sort. Note: The user.
http://finishedexams.com/Computer_Science.php
Immediate access to solutions for ENTIRE COURSES, FINAL EXAMS and HOMEWORKS “RATED A+" - Without Registration!
How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing? A Step-by-Step QA GuideMinuscule Technologies
Unlock the secrets of effective software testing with our comprehensive guide, 'How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing: A Step-by-Step QA Guide'. Dive into the world of Quality Assurance and learn the art of crafting detailed, efficient, and robust test cases. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced tester, this guide offers invaluable insights and practical tips to enhance your testing skills. Elevate your QA game, ensure flawless software performance, and become an indispensable asset to your team. Don't miss out on this essential resource for mastering test case writing – your key to software testing success!
(No Plagiarism) Explain the statement Although many leading organi.docxtamicawaysmith
(No Plagiarism) Explain the statement: "Although many leading organizations have invested significant resources in developing the culture and routines for this innovation processes, most organizations continue to rely on the efforts of a handful of people and chance. An innovative organization is one that can perfect these routines in addition to creating an innovation culture in the organization that engages people. Five key routines can facilitate its management of the innovation process” (Dooley & O'Sullivan, 2003).
.
What made you choose this career path What advice do you hav.docxtamicawaysmith
What made you choose this career path?
What advice do you have for those hoping to enter this career path?
What were some obstacles you faced upon graduating from college?
Does your career require graduate school? What programs would be acceptable?
Is there anything you wish you would have done differently?
Is it difficult to find a job in this area?
What is a typical work week like?
Etcetera, depending on the field and what you’re interested in.
.
Patient Population The student will describe the patient populati.docxtamicawaysmith
Patient Population: The student will describe the patient population that is impacted by the clinical issue. With a focus on the diversity of the human condition found within this patient population, the student will describe the influence that cultural values may have on the proposed solution. Proposed
Solution
: The student will set the stage for proposing the best solution to the clinical problem by using appropriate evidence-based data and integrating data from peer-reviewed journal articles. In this paper, the student will: i. Propose a clear solution to the clinical problem that is supported by a minimum of three scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles.ii. Expand on the ethical considerations when developing the plan.
.
Dr. Paul Murray Bessie Coleman Jean-Bapiste Bell.docxtamicawaysmith
Dr. Paul Murray
Bessie Coleman
Jean-Bapiste Belley
Harriet Elizabeth Brown
Monte Irvin
Shirley Graham Dubois
Vernon Dahmer
Hale Woodruff
Jo Ann Robinson
Eugene "Pineapple" Jackson
Dr. Francis Cress Welsing
Dr. Kenneth Clark
Amy Jacques Garvey
Ophelia DeVore
Augusta Fells Savage
Eugene Jacques Bullard
Bobby Timmons
Clyde Kennard
Madison Washington
Joseph Winters
Sam Sharpe
Joseph Rainey
Bessie Stringfield
DJ Kool Herc
Lonnie Clayton
Mrs. Mamie Lang Kirkland
Lucius Septimius Bassianus
Carolyn Gudger
Jasmine Twitty
Daisy Bates
Ella Jenkins
Lewis Henry Douglass
Cynthia Robinson
Sylvester Magee
Mabel Fairbanks
Cathay Williams
Clara Belle Williams
John Baxter Taylor Jr.
Anna J. Cooper
The Black Seminoles
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams
Matthew Williams
Phillipa Schuyler
Yarrow Mamout
Mamie "Peanut" Johnson
Frank E. Petersen
"Miss Maggie" Walker
Paul Robeson
Olivia J. Hooker
Dr. Henry T Sampson
Lovie Yancy
Willie James Howard
Toni Stone (Marcenia Lyle Alberga)
Lucien Victor Alexis
Mevinia Sheilds
Dr. Lonnie Smith
Rosewood
Miss Jane Pittman
Lucy Terry
Abraham Galloway
Thomas Jennings
Irene Morgan
Paul Lawrence Dunbar
Jean Toomer
Doris Payne
Ann Petry
Madam C.J. Walker
Dr. May Edward Chinn
Greenwood, Tulsa, OK
Karen Bass
Dr. Dorothy Height
Dr. Geneva Smitherman
Michaëlle Jean
Robin Kelly
Mary Macleod Bethune
Jane Bolin
Donna Edwards
Dame Eugenia Charles
Dr. Thomas Elkins
Wilma Rudolph
Annie Malone
Ann Lowe
Black Wall Street
Cathy Hughes
Kamala Harris
Fannie Lou Hamer
Sarah Rector
Ruth Simmons
Claudette Colvin
MC Lyte
Benajin Banneker
Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.
Thurgood Marshall
Doris "Dorie" Miller
Cecil Noble
WC Handy
Dorothy Counts
Bayard Rustin
Dr. Eliza Ann Grier
Matthew Henson
Jesse Owens
Nina Simone
Wendell Scott
Adam Clayton Powell
Percy Julian
Dr. Charles Drew
Thomas "Fats" Waller
Satchel Paige
Bass Reeves
Marian Anderson
Josephine Baker
Joe Louis
Walter White
William Hastie
Elijah McCoy
Jan Matzelger
Lewis Latimer
Granville T. Woods
Fred Jones
Nella Larsen
Lloyd Hall
A. Philip Randolph
Althea Gibson
Barbara C. Jordon
Marcus Garvey
Malcolm X
James Meridith
Guy Buford
Hazel Scott
Stokely Carmichal
Denmark Vessey
Alex Haley
Virginia Hamilton
Ishmael Reed
Nalo Hopkinson
George Schuyler
Patricia Roberts Harris
John Lewis
Les McCann
Martin Delany
Derek Walcott
Carter Godwin Woodson
Alvin Ailey
Debbie Allen
Ralph Abernathy
Arthur Ashe
Crispus Attucks
Amiri Baraka
Seko.
In depth analysis of your physical fitness progress Term p.docxtamicawaysmith
In depth analysis of your physical fitness progress
Term paper should include details of:
▪ What worked and why (include all documentation)
▪ What didn’t and why
▪ Are your physical fitness results in alignment with your health continuum goals (include documentation)
▪ What are your current goals
▪ What are your future goals
▪ Develop a road map to get achieve those goals Due no later than November 30, 2020.
samples
Physical fitness benchmark assessments
Fitness assessment data sheet
Exercise charts
Personal physical fitness progress chart
Self assessment: Individual Health Continuum
.
Information systems infrastructure evolution and trends Str.docxtamicawaysmith
Information systems infrastructure: evolution and trends
Strategic importance of cloud computing in business organizations
Big data and its business impacts
Managerial issues of a networked organization
Emerging enterprise network applications
Mobile computing and its business implications
Instructions:
9- 10 pages (does not include Title page and references )
can Include images (not more than two)
Minimum six (6) sources – at least two (2) from peer reviewed journals
Include an abstract, introduction, and conclusion
.
⦁One to two paragraph brief summary of the book. ⦁Who is the.docxtamicawaysmith
⦁One to two paragraph brief summary of the book.
⦁Who is the author and his/her background?
⦁Does the author have any particular ideological viewpoint that he or she is trying to advance or do you consider the author to have been neutral and presented both sides of controversial issues? (You will find asking this same question will help you in other courses and your future career.)
⦁When was this book written? Does the author reflect the views (biases) of the time when the book was written? Why or why not?
⦁What did you find most interesting in the book? Least interesting?
⦁What additional topics should the author have included in the book? Why?
⦁How had people before the age of the telegraph attempted to communicate faster over distances?
⦁How did the telegraph reflect scientific and technological developments, both in the United States and other countries?
⦁Why did the telegraph represent such a revolutionary development and not just an incremental improvement in communication?
⦁How did the telegraph impact politics, journalism, business, military strategy and society in general?
⦁How were the American and European experiences similar or different in developing the telegraph? Did the telegraph have a similar impact in the United States and Europe?
⦁What do you think of the author’s title? Is the Victorian-era telegraph really the equivalent of today’s internet in terms of its impact or is that an exaggeration? Why or why not?
⦁Do you think the author makes the material interesting, understandable and relevant to the general public? Why or why not?
⦁If you were the editor in the publishing company, what changes would you make to the author’s draft?
⦁Did the book increase your interest in a particular issue that you would like to learn more about?
⦁Do you think it is worthwhile learn about the historical impact of scientific and technological developments?
⦁Would you recommend this book to a friend? Why or why not?
⦁Would you recommend that I continue to use this book in this course with future students?
.
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gal.docxmecklenburgstrelitzh
For the recipe below adjust the recipe from 17 gallons to 70 gallons. Convert all ingredients to pounds (show work) before applying the percentage. Report the percentage; you can do this in decimals. Report the adjusted ingredients in pounds and oz. Example 1.5 pounds = 1 pound and 8 oz.
There are 111 oz in a 10# can of tomato paste
Yield: 17 gallons (one gallon = 42 3 oz servings)
Ground Beef, fine 85/15
8, 10 pounds chubs
Flour
9 1/2 C
Corn Starch
5 pounds
Chili Powder, ground
7 C
Cumin, ground
1 1/2 C
Black Pepper, ground
3/4 C
Onion Poser
7 C
Salt
1 C
Garlic Powder
2 1/2 C
Tomato Paste
3, 10# Can
Water
8 gal
MN610Virtual Private NetworksPage 3 of total pages
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester
T2, 2018
Unit Code
MN610
Unit Title
Virtual Private Networks
Assessment Author
Dr Ammar Alazab
Assessment Type
Individual (Assignment 1)
Assessment Title
Assignment 1 – VPN Technologies and Security issues
Unit Learning Outcomes covered in this assessment
Students should be able to demonstrate their achievements in the following unit learning outcomes:
a. Analyse and discuss the significance of VPN for contemporary organisations and how it addresses their concerns and security issues.
b.Explain the role of VPN, its limitations and works done to address these limitations as well as to supporting the security of businesses and corporations
Weight
15% of Total Assessment
Total Marks
100
Word limit
See instructions
Due Date
6:00 PM, Wednesday 29 August 2018 (Week 7)
Submission Guidelines
· All work must be submitted on Moodle by the due date along with a completed Assignment Cover Page.
· The assignment must be in MS Word format, 1.5 spacing, 11-pt Calibri (Body) font and 2 cm margins on all four sides of your page with appropriate section headings.
· Reference sources must be cited in the text of the report, and listed appropriately at the end in a reference list using APA or IEEE referencing style for School of Business and School of Information Technology and Engineering respectively.
Extension
· If an extension of time to submit work is required, a Special Consideration Application must be submitted directly to the School's Administration Officer, in Melbourne on Level 6 or in Sydney on Level 7. You must submit this application three working days prior to the due date of the assignment. Further information is available at:
http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/specialconsiderationdeferment
Academic Misconduct
· Academic Misconduct is a serious offence. Depending on the seriousness of the case, penalties can vary from a written warning or zero marks to exclusion from the course or rescinding the degree. Students should make themselves familiar with the full policy and procedure available at:http://www.mit.edu.au/about-mit/institute-publications/policies-procedures-and-guidelines/Plagiarism-Academic-Misconduct-Policy-Procedure.For further information, please r.
INF20015 Requirements Analysis & Modelling
pg. 1
Swinburne University of Technology
Swinburne College
INF20015 – Requirements Analysis and Modelling Assignment
TP 3, 2016
This is a group assignment with a maximum of 3-5 students per group
Part 1: Assessment Value = 10% (see blackboard for due date)
Part 2: Assessment Value = 15% (see blackboard for due date)
Based on the suggested report outline (see later):
Part 1: consists of submission of all aspects of the report up to and including
Process Descriptions.
Part 2: Requires the submission of the entire report with any corrections or
modifications as suggested by your tutor based on the assessment of Part 1. This
part also include object oriented analysis.
Assignment Submission
Parts 1 and 2 each require
Your group report (one copy per group) + A signed Time Contribution Statement
(TCS) (one copy per group which should be in appendix) via the Assignment link on
Blackboard > Assessment.
A Peer Assessment Form (individual) and submit it through the Peer Assessment
submission link on the Blackboard>Assessment>.
DO NOT email the assignment.
If you have any queries you may discuss it in the discussion threads or with your tutor. Any
technical problems, assistance can be obtained from the Swinburne Service Desk (03) 9214
5000.
The aim is that your team should produce a requirements document that describes the
problem to be solved and captures the requirements for an information system that
supports the needs of the given organization as described later in the Case Study
Description. Each student will individually consider possible models and suggestions to
make their recommendation to group report.
If you need clarification on any issues, either speak to your tutor (who will be marking
your assignment and act as a project leader) or ask your questions during lecture time.
INF20015 Requirements Analysis & Modelling
pg. 2
Suggested Report Outline
Assignment part 1:
Cover page
Document Title
Team members and contact details
List of contents1
Executive summary
Introduction
What is the organisation and what does this organisation do?
What is the business problem they are trying to solve OR/ AND what is the
opportunity that they can make use of?
Expected benefits
How would the organisation be better off by solving this problem or taking up this
opportunity?
Analysis of all major business processes using activity diagrams
Note: Each team member is required to draw at least 3 activity diagrams that you
have identified in below case scenario.
Dataflow diagrams and dictionary
Context Diagram (one diagram for the entire system)
Diagram 0 (one diagram for the entire system)
Level 1 Diagrams (each team member need to develop at least 2 level 1 diagrams)
Data Model (ER Diagram) – one ERD diagram for the entire system
.
Sheet1Individual Needs Appointment for Hair StylingEmployee gr.docxlesleyryder69361
Sheet1
Individual Needs Appointment for Hair Styling
Employee greets customer and asks customer last name or phone number
Calls UMUC Haircuts and requests appointment
Is appointment today ?
Does customer want to schedule next appointment?
Is one of the dates/times acceptable?
Does customer want the same stylist as last time?
Previous Customer?
Employee checks stylist availability and times and advises customer
Employee asks customer feedback questions and enters responses into the system
Drives to UMUC Haircuts
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
Employee asks customer when the service is desired
Employee tells customer cost and time needed for service
Employee asks customer what services are needed
Employee welcomes customer back and reminds of last appointment and services provided
Cashier enters info from paper receipt to system and advises customer of total charges
Customer receives service; employee documents services completed and time on paper receipt
Appointment scheduled
Customer takes paper receipt to cashier
Payment Process
Stylist selected
NO
NO
YES
Employee gets alternate date/time and/or alternate stylist from customer
Will customer provide feedback?
YES
YES
NO
Customer leaves UMUC Haircuts
Customer completes call or leaves UMUC Haircuts
Employee asks for and enters customer information
UMUC Haircuts Appointment Process
1
3
4
5
6
7
Schedule
9
Process: Enter Time Needed and Cost for Services
Service, Time, Cost
Customers
2
Appoint-ments
Customer pays bill
Employee Scheduling Process
8
Financial Data
Questions/Customer
Responses
Sheet2
Sheet3
This assignment consists of two (2) sections:
· A Java program file
· A screen shot of the output and a description of your Java program
Label each file name according to the section of the assignment for which it is written. Put both sections together in a single zip file and submit the zip file.
Imagine that you work as a Java programmer for a software company. Your company is developing a new interactive learning management tool called uGrade. You have the task of creating the functionality that will allow the user to manually enter names and grades. The program will store this information in parallel arrays. Next, it will prompt the user to sort the date by name or by grade and display the sorted data accordingly in an organized table.
Section 1: Java Program File
1. Create a Java program in which you include:
· a class called “roster”
· attributes, which must be last names and numerical grades, and must also be parallel arrays
· an indefinite loop, which allows the user to manually enter five (5) names and grades and stores them in the array. Note: The loop must end either when the user specifies that they are done or when a maximum of five (5) values have been stored in the arrays, i.e., five (5) names and a corresponding grade for each name.
· an indefinite loop, which prompts the user to select a sorting criterion or to end the program, and must also use bubble sort. Note: The user.
http://finishedexams.com/Computer_Science.php
Immediate access to solutions for ENTIRE COURSES, FINAL EXAMS and HOMEWORKS “RATED A+" - Without Registration!
How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing? A Step-by-Step QA GuideMinuscule Technologies
Unlock the secrets of effective software testing with our comprehensive guide, 'How to Write Test Cases in Software Testing: A Step-by-Step QA Guide'. Dive into the world of Quality Assurance and learn the art of crafting detailed, efficient, and robust test cases. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced tester, this guide offers invaluable insights and practical tips to enhance your testing skills. Elevate your QA game, ensure flawless software performance, and become an indispensable asset to your team. Don't miss out on this essential resource for mastering test case writing – your key to software testing success!
(No Plagiarism) Explain the statement Although many leading organi.docxtamicawaysmith
(No Plagiarism) Explain the statement: "Although many leading organizations have invested significant resources in developing the culture and routines for this innovation processes, most organizations continue to rely on the efforts of a handful of people and chance. An innovative organization is one that can perfect these routines in addition to creating an innovation culture in the organization that engages people. Five key routines can facilitate its management of the innovation process” (Dooley & O'Sullivan, 2003).
.
What made you choose this career path What advice do you hav.docxtamicawaysmith
What made you choose this career path?
What advice do you have for those hoping to enter this career path?
What were some obstacles you faced upon graduating from college?
Does your career require graduate school? What programs would be acceptable?
Is there anything you wish you would have done differently?
Is it difficult to find a job in this area?
What is a typical work week like?
Etcetera, depending on the field and what you’re interested in.
.
Patient Population The student will describe the patient populati.docxtamicawaysmith
Patient Population: The student will describe the patient population that is impacted by the clinical issue. With a focus on the diversity of the human condition found within this patient population, the student will describe the influence that cultural values may have on the proposed solution. Proposed
Solution
: The student will set the stage for proposing the best solution to the clinical problem by using appropriate evidence-based data and integrating data from peer-reviewed journal articles. In this paper, the student will: i. Propose a clear solution to the clinical problem that is supported by a minimum of three scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles.ii. Expand on the ethical considerations when developing the plan.
.
Dr. Paul Murray Bessie Coleman Jean-Bapiste Bell.docxtamicawaysmith
Dr. Paul Murray
Bessie Coleman
Jean-Bapiste Belley
Harriet Elizabeth Brown
Monte Irvin
Shirley Graham Dubois
Vernon Dahmer
Hale Woodruff
Jo Ann Robinson
Eugene "Pineapple" Jackson
Dr. Francis Cress Welsing
Dr. Kenneth Clark
Amy Jacques Garvey
Ophelia DeVore
Augusta Fells Savage
Eugene Jacques Bullard
Bobby Timmons
Clyde Kennard
Madison Washington
Joseph Winters
Sam Sharpe
Joseph Rainey
Bessie Stringfield
DJ Kool Herc
Lonnie Clayton
Mrs. Mamie Lang Kirkland
Lucius Septimius Bassianus
Carolyn Gudger
Jasmine Twitty
Daisy Bates
Ella Jenkins
Lewis Henry Douglass
Cynthia Robinson
Sylvester Magee
Mabel Fairbanks
Cathay Williams
Clara Belle Williams
John Baxter Taylor Jr.
Anna J. Cooper
The Black Seminoles
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams
Matthew Williams
Phillipa Schuyler
Yarrow Mamout
Mamie "Peanut" Johnson
Frank E. Petersen
"Miss Maggie" Walker
Paul Robeson
Olivia J. Hooker
Dr. Henry T Sampson
Lovie Yancy
Willie James Howard
Toni Stone (Marcenia Lyle Alberga)
Lucien Victor Alexis
Mevinia Sheilds
Dr. Lonnie Smith
Rosewood
Miss Jane Pittman
Lucy Terry
Abraham Galloway
Thomas Jennings
Irene Morgan
Paul Lawrence Dunbar
Jean Toomer
Doris Payne
Ann Petry
Madam C.J. Walker
Dr. May Edward Chinn
Greenwood, Tulsa, OK
Karen Bass
Dr. Dorothy Height
Dr. Geneva Smitherman
Michaëlle Jean
Robin Kelly
Mary Macleod Bethune
Jane Bolin
Donna Edwards
Dame Eugenia Charles
Dr. Thomas Elkins
Wilma Rudolph
Annie Malone
Ann Lowe
Black Wall Street
Cathy Hughes
Kamala Harris
Fannie Lou Hamer
Sarah Rector
Ruth Simmons
Claudette Colvin
MC Lyte
Benajin Banneker
Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.
Thurgood Marshall
Doris "Dorie" Miller
Cecil Noble
WC Handy
Dorothy Counts
Bayard Rustin
Dr. Eliza Ann Grier
Matthew Henson
Jesse Owens
Nina Simone
Wendell Scott
Adam Clayton Powell
Percy Julian
Dr. Charles Drew
Thomas "Fats" Waller
Satchel Paige
Bass Reeves
Marian Anderson
Josephine Baker
Joe Louis
Walter White
William Hastie
Elijah McCoy
Jan Matzelger
Lewis Latimer
Granville T. Woods
Fred Jones
Nella Larsen
Lloyd Hall
A. Philip Randolph
Althea Gibson
Barbara C. Jordon
Marcus Garvey
Malcolm X
James Meridith
Guy Buford
Hazel Scott
Stokely Carmichal
Denmark Vessey
Alex Haley
Virginia Hamilton
Ishmael Reed
Nalo Hopkinson
George Schuyler
Patricia Roberts Harris
John Lewis
Les McCann
Martin Delany
Derek Walcott
Carter Godwin Woodson
Alvin Ailey
Debbie Allen
Ralph Abernathy
Arthur Ashe
Crispus Attucks
Amiri Baraka
Seko.
In depth analysis of your physical fitness progress Term p.docxtamicawaysmith
In depth analysis of your physical fitness progress
Term paper should include details of:
▪ What worked and why (include all documentation)
▪ What didn’t and why
▪ Are your physical fitness results in alignment with your health continuum goals (include documentation)
▪ What are your current goals
▪ What are your future goals
▪ Develop a road map to get achieve those goals Due no later than November 30, 2020.
samples
Physical fitness benchmark assessments
Fitness assessment data sheet
Exercise charts
Personal physical fitness progress chart
Self assessment: Individual Health Continuum
.
Information systems infrastructure evolution and trends Str.docxtamicawaysmith
Information systems infrastructure: evolution and trends
Strategic importance of cloud computing in business organizations
Big data and its business impacts
Managerial issues of a networked organization
Emerging enterprise network applications
Mobile computing and its business implications
Instructions:
9- 10 pages (does not include Title page and references )
can Include images (not more than two)
Minimum six (6) sources – at least two (2) from peer reviewed journals
Include an abstract, introduction, and conclusion
.
⦁One to two paragraph brief summary of the book. ⦁Who is the.docxtamicawaysmith
⦁One to two paragraph brief summary of the book.
⦁Who is the author and his/her background?
⦁Does the author have any particular ideological viewpoint that he or she is trying to advance or do you consider the author to have been neutral and presented both sides of controversial issues? (You will find asking this same question will help you in other courses and your future career.)
⦁When was this book written? Does the author reflect the views (biases) of the time when the book was written? Why or why not?
⦁What did you find most interesting in the book? Least interesting?
⦁What additional topics should the author have included in the book? Why?
⦁How had people before the age of the telegraph attempted to communicate faster over distances?
⦁How did the telegraph reflect scientific and technological developments, both in the United States and other countries?
⦁Why did the telegraph represent such a revolutionary development and not just an incremental improvement in communication?
⦁How did the telegraph impact politics, journalism, business, military strategy and society in general?
⦁How were the American and European experiences similar or different in developing the telegraph? Did the telegraph have a similar impact in the United States and Europe?
⦁What do you think of the author’s title? Is the Victorian-era telegraph really the equivalent of today’s internet in terms of its impact or is that an exaggeration? Why or why not?
⦁Do you think the author makes the material interesting, understandable and relevant to the general public? Why or why not?
⦁If you were the editor in the publishing company, what changes would you make to the author’s draft?
⦁Did the book increase your interest in a particular issue that you would like to learn more about?
⦁Do you think it is worthwhile learn about the historical impact of scientific and technological developments?
⦁Would you recommend this book to a friend? Why or why not?
⦁Would you recommend that I continue to use this book in this course with future students?
.
100.0 Criteria10.0 Part 1 PLAAFP The PLAAFP thoroughly an.docxtamicawaysmith
100.0 %Criteria
10.0 %Part 1: PLAAFP
The PLAAFP thoroughly and adeptly incorporates student's academic strengths, evaluations, performance in classes, and any other relevant issues.
10.0 %Part 2: Present Levels for Transition COE 3.8 [CEC 5.1, ICSI.5.S8, ICSI.5.S15, IGC.5.K1, IGC.5.S7, IGC.5.S23, IGC.5.S24; InTASC 1(b), 2(d), 5(f), 6(v), 8(s), 9(h); MC2, MC3, MC4, MC5]
Preferential learning environment, strengths and interests relating to the transition, and areas in need of improvement for transition are substantially described.
15.0 %Part 2: Transition Plan COE: 3.10 [CEC 5.5, ICSI.5.S8, ICSI.5.S8, ICSI.5.S15, ICSI.5.S17, ICSI.5.S19, IGC.5.K1, IGC.5.K3, IGC.5.K8, IGC.5.S1, IGC.5.S2, IGC.5.S11 IGC.5.S23, IGC.5.S24; InTASC 7(b), 7(e); MC1, MC2, MC4, MC5]
The transition plan demonstrates best practices in identifying proficient, measureable transition plan goals that are aligned with student's interests and present levels. Also includes quality aligned activities/services, persons/agency involved and realistic expected dates of achievement.
10.0 %Part 3: Rationale - Justification COE: 5.1 [ACEI 5.0; CEC 6.1, ICSI.6.K2, ICSI.6.K4 ICSI.6.S1, ICSI.6.S2, ICSI.6.S3, ICSI.6.S4, ICSI.6.S5, ICSI.6.S7, IGC.6.K4, IGC.6.K6, IGC.6.S2; InTASC 9(l), 9(o); MC2, MC3, MC4]
Rationale skillfully justifies content and decisions displayed in PLAAFP, annual goals, and transition plan, convincingly demonstrating how they meet the needs of the student. Claims are fully grounded in CEC Code of Ethics.
15.0 %Part 4: Rationale - Confidentiality COE: 5.8 [CEC 6.1, ICSI.6.S1, ICSI.6.S2, ICSI.6.S4, ICSI.7.S1, IGC.6.K1, IGC.6.K6; InTASC 5(k); MC1, MC2, MC4, MC5]
The rationale thoroughly defends the legal, ethical, and quality requirements related to the management of confidential student information.
10.0 %Reflection COE: 5.4 [CEC 6.2, ICSI.6.S1, ICSI.6.S2, ICSI.6.S4, IGC.6.K1, IGC.6.K2, IGC.6.K3; InTASC 10(h); MC1, MC2, MC4; COE 5.4]
Reflection convincingly relates how foundational knowledge developed relating to providing professional, ethical and legal educational services will be used in future professional practice.
5.0 %Research
Research strongly supports the information presented. Sources are timely, distinctive and clearly address all of the criteria stated in the assignment.
10.0 %Organization
The content is well-organized and logical. There is a sequential progression of ideas that relate to each other. The content is presented as a cohesive unit and provides the audience with a clear sense of the main idea.
10.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Submission is virtually free of mechanical errors. Word choice reflects well-developed use of practice and content-related language. Sentence structures are varied and engaging.
5.0 %Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
Sources are documented completely and correctly, as appropria.
102120151De-Myth-tifying Grading in Sp.docxtamicawaysmith
10/21/2015
1
De-Myth-tifying Grading
in Special Education
1980 2015
10/21/2015
2
Primary Purpose
• “the primary purpose of…grades…
(is) to communicate student
achievement to students, parents,
school administrators,
post-secondary institutions and
employers.” and
• To provide teachers with information
for instructional planning.
Taken from “Reporting Achievement at the Secondary School Level: What and How?”, in Communicating Student
Learning: ASCD Yearbook 1996, p. 120.
What makes grading so
hard?
• Teacher preparation programs seldom include course work or
even discussions of recommended practices for grading
students in general, much less for students who may be
struggling learners. As a result, teachers at all grade levels
grapple with issues of fairness in grading.
• Despite the magnitude of this problem, few recommendations
for grading struggling learners can be found in the research
literature or in education policy.
• Urban Grading Legends
10/21/2015
3
Urban Legends:
Bigfoot/Sasquatch
Urban Legends
• I can’t fail a special education
student.
• I give all my Life Skills students an
85.
• The report card grade does not really
mean anything.
10/21/2015
4
Urban Legends
• The grade on the report card can’t be less
than the IEP mastery level (default 70%)
• I teach a lot in my classroom, but I can
only grade the things that are on the IEP.
• I don’t do the grades for my special
education students in my classroom, the
special education teacher does that for
me.
What’s the
problem??
• Some students are not getting REAL
grades.
• Multiple court cases regarding failing
students who are not receiving
appropriate specially designed instruction
or students only get “A’s” and it doesn’t
truly reflect how he/she really performs in
relation to the curriculum
10/21/2015
5
What does the law really
say?
• Neither the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA) nor any other federal education laws contain
requirements for grading. Therefore, each state has
discretion on the issue.
• The TEC is the set of state laws our state legislators have
passed that relate to education. ARD committees do not
have the authority to override state laws. The Texas
Administrative Code (TAC) is the set of rules that the State
Legislature has authorized Texas Education Agency (TEA)
or the State Board to write. ARD committees must also
follow these rules.
• The state statutes apply to all public school students in
Texas regardless of special education eligibility.
Local Grading Policies
TEC §28.0216
(1) “must require a classroom teacher to assign a grade that
reflects the students’ relative mastery of an assignment;
[and]
(2) may not require a classroom teacher to assign a
minimum grade for an assignment without regard to the
student’s quality of work.”
(3) may allow a student a reasonable opportunity to make up
or redo a class .
100.0 %Criteria
30.0 %Flowchart Content
The flowchart skillfully depicts the two possible discipline paths following the manifestation determination. In addition, there are two comprehensively aligned IEP goals for each determination.
40.0 %Legal Issues Analysis
A compelling analysis is included regarding any legal issues raised by the change in Carrie's transportation, proficiently incorporating relevant statutes, regulations, and case decisions.
5.0 %Research
Research strongly supports the information presented. Sources are timely, distinctive and clearly address all of the criteria stated in the assignment.
5.0 %Rationale Organization
The content is well organized and logical. There is a sequential progression of ideas related to each other. The content is presented as a cohesive unit and the audience is provided with a clear sense of the main idea.
5.0 %Overall Flowchart Presentation
The work is well presented. The overall appearance is neat and professional. Work would be highly desirable for public dissemination.
10.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Submission is virtually free of mechanical errors. Word choice reflects well-developed use of practice and content-related language. Sentence structures are varied and engaging.
5.0 %Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
Sources are documented completely and correctly, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
100 %Total Weightage
.
100 words agree or disagree to eac questions Q 1.As her .docxtamicawaysmith
100 words agree or disagree to eac questions
Q 1.
As her defense attorney, I will argue that the officer did not only not read Sally's Miranda rights; he also did not respect her right to consul. After Sally made her allegedly verbal utterance, the Officer should have known to read Sally her rights. I will bring up that during New Jersey v. James P. Kucinski, Oct 26, 2016, the defendant was arrested for the bludgeoning death of his brother. The defendant was taken to police headquarters for questioning after the defendant was advised of his Miranda rights; he requested an attorney. The law enforcement officers terminated the interrogation, spoked with their supervisor, and approximately eight minutes later, the officers returned into the room and advised the defendant that he was being charged with murder. The scare tactic worked, and the defendant asked to speak with the officers. The defendant reluctantly answered a series of questions. Before trial, the defendant moved for suppression motion because the officers did not honor his request for counsel. The court denied the motion, during further questioning the defendant claimed to have acted in self-defense, the defense counsel moved for a mistrial. The trial court denied the motion for mistrial but instructed the jury that the defendant's right to remain silent should be limited to assessing his credibility. The defendant was charged with first-degree murder and third-degree possession of a weapon for unlawful purposes The Appellate Division reversed the defendant's conviction and motion for a new trial due to the prosecutor's question doing cross-examination was improper. The panel concluded that the defendant invoked his right to remain silent by telling law enforcement officers that he did not want to talk or answer questions. The Appellate Division found that the trial court instructions to the jury were flaws, and the supreme court agreed and affirmed. The officers should have stopped all questioning and contacted the defendant's attorney.
New Jersey v. Kucinski (2017). https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/supreme-court/2017/a-58-15.html
Q 2.
My last name begins with a K. so I am answering in the role of prosecutor. Sally was originally pulled over because she had shown probable cause of drunk driving. Upon her traffic stop, Sally was then searched after being arrested and the handgun and drugs were found on her body. The police asked about the two items but did not “interrogate” her. Sally voluntarily answered the arresting officers’ questions and in doing so piled new charges onto her initial arrest charge. I believe that the judge will deny the request to suppress the admission of Sally’s statements. Sally does have rights under the Fifth Amendment, but her statements to the police officers were not coerced out of her. The Cornell Law School website states that the Fifth Amendment, under the self-incrimination clause, if an individual makes a spo.
101118, 4(36 PMCollection – MSA 603 Strategic Planning for t.docxtamicawaysmith
10/11/18, 4(36 PMCollection – MSA 603 Strategic Planning for the Admin ...
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Thread: dis 4
Post: dis 4
Author:
Posted Date: October 9, 2018 8:50 PM
Status: Published
Overall Rating:
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(Post is Read)
Brian Mcleod
I would say that for them to move the work and still be ethical defensible are work conditions,
respect for labor laws of the parent company, and job opportunities for the long-term
employees.
To expand on this would be the work conditions. The conditions that the workers have to work
under should be the same conditions that workers in the US have to work under. This involves
safety and environmental protection for the workers.
Labor laws of the host country and “most” of the internally recognized laws must be observed.
Overtime and child labor are a couple of items.
The long-term employees should be given the opportunity to move to another US based plant if
possible or to the new country.
Sometimes because of the state of the industry companies do have to make these decisions or
face possible bankruptcy. This alternative may not be the perfect solution but better than
bankrupting a company that still has operation in the US.
← OK
�
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Thread: DB4
Post: DB4
Author:
Posted Date: October 10, 2018 8:51 PM
Status: Published
Overall Rating:
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(Post is Read)
Christina Lacroix
It is ethically defensible to outsource production when the outcome of not outsourcing
would negatively impact stakeholders. Organizations define their most important
stakeholders, often the shareholders, as they invested capital. While some risk is
assumed by shareholders as a fiduciary managers have an obligation to the
shareholders to protect their interest when possible. A company risks shareholder
investment (access to capital) and jeopardizes all other stakeholders such as
employees, suppliers, and creditors. An organization cannot risk itself and the other
stakeholders depending upon in order to save employees.
The organization should do its due diligence in securing its outso.
100 words per question, no references needed or quotations. Only a g.docxtamicawaysmith
100 words per question, no references needed or quotations. Only a general idea or opinion.
A.
· Compare and contrast two works from the Italian Baroque period with two works from the Renaissance. Be sure to note the appearance in the works of the defining characteristics from each period.
· Discuss why artistic expression shifted from the restrained stoicism of the Renaissance to that of the heightened emotion in the religious and other works of the Baroque.
B. From video
Goya -
The Third of May
- If you cannot see this video, click here -
https://youtu.be/e7piV4ocukg
Respond in writing to the following questions after reading Chapter 12, watching the video, and exploring the sites above.
1. Heroism, nationalism, and passion are themes associated with Romanticism. Which
three
landmarks of the nineteenth century are most representative of these themes? You can discuss art, philosophy, or literature.
2. Compare Neoclassicism and Romanticism as styles and sensibilities. What do their differences reflect about patronage, popular taste, and historical change? Provide specific examples from the chapters.
C.
1. From the arts of West Africa, what are some characteristics of African cultural heritage?
2. How did their religious beliefs influence their art and music.
D.
Watch video below
Manet -
Déjeuner
sur
l’herbe -
If you cannot see this video, click
https://youtu.be/3xBGF8H3bQ4
1. Viewers of Manet’s
Déjeuner sur l’herbe
initially responded to its public display by attacking the canvas with their umbrellas. Why?
2. What kind of art has evoked a comparable response in our own time? Do some research online. Find a recent work of art that caused controversy. Summarize the reasons for the controversy and your reaction to it. Try not post the same article as someone else. (This board is not POST FIRST, so you will be able to see what others have posted right away.) If you can, attach a picture of the image you are describing to your posting.
E.
Watch the video below. If you cannot see the video, click here:
https://youtu.be/XyLNPumMMTs
George Braque, Violin and Pitcher, (1909)
•
Pablo Picasso, Guernica, (1937)
•
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, (1912)
Respond in writing to the following question after reading Chapter 14 in your text, watching the video above, viewing the Web Assignments, and the sites above.
1. Describe how they three have departed from styles such as symbolism and impressionism of the late nineteenth century.
F.
Take some time to reflect on all we have covered in this course. Then, respond in writing to the following question.
1. After your experience in this course, describe why you feel the humanities are important.
.
100A 2
2 4 4
5
1A 1034 5
1B 1000 10
1C 1100 1
1D 1123 20
1E 1210 5
20 10 10
7
1A 2180 20
1B 1283 20
1C 3629 5
1D 3649 3
1E 4051 15
1F 4211 1
1G 5318 5
100B 1
2 4 1
3
1A 2180 10
1B 1283 10
1C 3629 5
100C 2
0 0 0
3
1A 6774 5
1B 6869 5
1C 6879 2
0 0 0
4
1A 6774 2
1B 6869 5
1C 6879 1
1D 7555 10
100D 1
10 5 3
3
1A 2180 5
1B 3649 2
1C 4211 3
Self-care and Residency Reflection Paper Scoring Rubric -
Content
80 Points
Points Earned
Additional Comments:
All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper to reflect on your residency experience and outline your plan for self-care. Please use the self-care and residency reflection paper template posted in Student Materials for this assignment.
Consider the following questions when writing your reflection:
a) What have you learned about yourself during residency?
b) What have you learned about yourself as a counselor-in-training during residency?
c) What are aspects of residency that you enjoyed? Why did you enjoy these aspects?
d) What aspects of residency did you not enjoy? Why did you not enjoy these aspects?
e) What is counselor self-care? Why is it important? Include two separate in-text and end of work references.
f) What strategies for maintaining self-care did you try throughout this program? How can you implement these strategies?
g) How will you know when you are experiencing burnout? What can you do to prevent this?
The content is comprehensive, accurate, and /or persuasive.
The paper links theory to relevant examples of current experience and industry practice and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly. This refers to the use of literary references. Generally you will need one separate literary reference for each main point (objective) of your paper.
Major points are stated clearly and are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis.
Organization / Development
35 Points
Points Earned
Additional Comments:
The paper has a structure that is clear, logical, and easy to follow.
The paper develops a central theme or idea, directed toward the appropriate audience.
The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points.
The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points.
Transitions between sentences/ paragraphs/sections aid in maintaining the flow of thought.
The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment.
Mechanics
35 Points
Points Earned
Additional Comments:
The paper, including the title page, reference page, tables, and appendices follow APA guidelines for format.
Citations of original works within the body of the paper follow APA guidelines.
The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.
Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.
Sentences are complete, clear, concise, and varied.
Spelling is correct.
.
10122018Week 5 Required Reading and Supplementary Materials - .docxtamicawaysmith
10/12/2018
Week 5 Required Reading and Supplementary Materials - MGMT 670 9042 Strategic Management Capstone (2188)
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/333174/viewContent/13406413/View
/2
Required Readings:
From the UMUC library: (Note: You must search for these articles in the UMUC library. In the case of video links in the UMUC library, exact directions are given on how to find the video.)
Porter's Five-Forces model. (2009). In Encyclopedia of management (6th Ed., pp. 714-717).
From Other websites:
Evaluating the industry. (2012). In Mastering strategic management. Washington, DC: Saylor Academy. Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_mastering-strategic-management/s07-03-evaluating-the-industry.html
The impact of external and internal factors on strategy. (2016, 31 May). In Boundless Management. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/strategic-management/
Mapping strategic groups. (2012). In Mastering strategic management. Washington, DC: Saylor Academy. Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_mastering-strategic-management/s07-04-mapping-strategic-groups.html
The PESTEL and SCP frameworks. (2016, 26 May). In Boundless management. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-management/chapter/external-inputs-to-strategy/
The relationship between an organization and its environment. (2012). In Mastering strategic management. Washington, DC: Saylor Academy. Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_mastering-strategic-management/s07-01-the-relationship-between-an- or.html
Strategic group mapping. (2010, October 5). MBA lectures. Retrieved from http://mba-lectures.com/management/strategic- management/1000/strategic-group-mapping.html
Supplementary Materials:
From the UMUC library: (Note: You must search for these articles in the UMUC library. In the case of video links in the UMUC library, exact directions are given on how to find the video.)
Anand, B. N. (2006). Crafting business strategy and environmental scanning [Video]. Harvard Business School Faculty Seminar Series.
Follow these steps to find this video:
Go to http://sites.umuc.edu/library/index.cfm
Type in the entire name of the article: "Crafting business strategy and environmental scanning," into the search box and click on "search."
Click on "multimedia" in the upper left hand corner of the webpage (under "Ask a Librarian.)
Type in the entire name of the article: "Crafting business strategy and environmental scanning," in the box at the top of the page to the left of the word, "Search."
Make sure only "Business Videos" and "Find all my search term" are the only boxes that are checked. Uncheck both "Image Collection" and "Apply equivalent
subjects"
Click on "Search" at the bottom right hand corner of the webpage. It is a small word in a box. The next page shows the article. Click on the article.
Dahab, S. (2008). Five forces. In S. R. Clegg & J. R. Bailey (Eds.), International en.
101416 526 PMAfter September 11 Our State of Exception by .docxtamicawaysmith
10/14/16 5:26 PMAfter September 11: Our State of Exception by Mark Danner | The New York Review of Books
Page 1 of 11http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/10/13/after-september-11-our-state-exception/?printpage=true
After September 11: Our State of Exception
Mark Danner OCTOBER 13, 2011 ISSUE
We are in a fight for our principles, and our first responsibility is to live by them.
—George W. Bush, September 20, 2001
1.
We are living in the State of Exception. We don’t know when it will end, as we don’t know when the War on Terror will
end. But we all know when it began. We can no longer quite “remember” that moment, for the images have long since
been refitted into a present-day fable of innocence and apocalypse: the perfect blue of that late summer sky stained by acrid
black smoke. The jetliner appearing, tilting, then disappearing into the skin of the second tower, to emerge on the other
side as a great eruption of red and yellow flame. The showers of debris, the falling bodies, and then that great blossoming
flower of white dust, roiling and churning upward, enveloping and consuming the mighty skyscraper as it collapses into the
whirlwind.
To Americans, those terrible moments stand as a brightly lit portal through which we were all compelled to step, together,
into a different world. Since that day ten years ago we have lived in a subtly different country, and though we have grown
accustomed to these changes and think little of them now, certain words still appear often enough in the news—
Guantánamo, indefinite detention, torture—to remind us that ours remains a strange America. The contours of this
strangeness are not unknown in our history—the country has lived through broadly similar periods, at least half a dozen or
so, depending on how you count; but we have no proper name for them. State of siege? Martial law? State of emergency?
None of these expressions, familiar as they may be to other peoples, falls naturally from American lips.
What are we to call this subtly altered America? Clinton Rossiter, the great American scholar of “crisis government,”
writing in the shadow of World War II, called such times “constitutional dictatorship.” Others, more recently, have spoken
of a “9/11 Constitution” or an “Emergency Constitution.” Vivid terms all; and yet perhaps too narrowly drawn, placing as
they do the definitional weight entirely on law when this state of ours seems to have as much, or more, to do with politics
—with how we live now and who we are as a polity. This is in part why I prefer “the state of exception,” an umbrella term
that gathers beneath it those emergency categories while emphasizing that this state has as its defining characteristic that it
transcends the borders of the strictly legal—that it occupies, in the words of the philosopher Giorgio Agamben, “a position
at the limit between politics and law…an ambiguous, uncertain, borderline fringe, at the intersection of the legal and the
political.”
Call it, then, the s.
100 words per question, no references needed or quotations. Only.docxtamicawaysmith
100 words per question, no references needed or quotations. Only a general idea or opinion.
A.
· Compare and contrast two works from the Italian Baroque period with two works from the Renaissance. Be sure to note the appearance in the works of the defining characteristics from each period.
· Discuss why artistic expression shifted from the restrained stoicism of the Renaissance to that of the heightened emotion in the religious and other works of the Baroque.
B. From video
Goya -
The Third of May
- If you cannot see this video, click here -
https://youtu.be/e7piV4ocukg
Respond in writing to the following questions after reading Chapter 12, watching the video, and exploring the sites above.
1. Heroism, nationalism, and passion are themes associated with Romanticism. Which
three
landmarks of the nineteenth century are most representative of these themes? You can discuss art, philosophy, or literature.
2. Compare Neoclassicism and Romanticism as styles and sensibilities. What do their differences reflect about patronage, popular taste, and historical change? Provide specific examples from the chapters.
C.
1. From the arts of West Africa, what are some characteristics of African cultural heritage?
2. How did their religious beliefs influence their art and music.
D.
Watch video below
Manet -
Déjeuner
sur
l’herbe -
If you cannot see this video, click
https://youtu.be/3xBGF8H3bQ4
1. Viewers of Manet’s
Déjeuner sur l’herbe
initially responded to its public display by attacking the canvas with their umbrellas. Why?
2. What kind of art has evoked a comparable response in our own time? Do some research online. Find a recent work of art that caused controversy. Summarize the reasons for the controversy and your reaction to it. Try not post the same article as someone else. (This board is not POST FIRST, so you will be able to see what others have posted right away.) If you can, attach a picture of the image you are describing to your posting.
E.
Watch the video below. If you cannot see the video, click here:
https://youtu.be/XyLNPumMMTs
George Braque, Violin and Pitcher, (1909)
•
Pablo Picasso, Guernica, (1937)
•
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, (1912)
Respond in writing to the following question after reading Chapter 14 in your text, watching the video above, viewing the Web Assignments, and the sites above.
1. Describe how they three have departed from styles such as symbolism and impressionism of the late nineteenth century.
F.
Take some time to reflect on all we have covered in this course. Then, respond in writing to the following question.
1. After your experience in this course, describe why you feel the humanities are important.
Edit question's body
.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
22118, 1119 AMAplia Student QuestionPage 1 of 2http.docx
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5. Proofreading to Catch Errors
After you compose your message, you need to proofread. The
proofreading process may take longer than the composition
process. You don’t want to
spend a lot of time composing the message and then let poor
grammar or punctuation prevent your audience from
comprehending it.
What should you do when proofreading a complex document?
Check all that apply.
Read the following selection, and identify any errors.
Proofreading is an important phase of the writing process.
Careful proofreaders check for errors in spelling, grammar,
punctuation,
names, numbers, and formatting. When checking spelling, do
2. not rely too heavily on your computer’s spell checker.
Identify the error or style problem in the following sentences.
If anyone wants to come to my office to see my new computer
let me know.
Per your request, I am enclosing his comments.
Print a double-spaced copy and set it aside for at least a day.
Read the document at least twice.
Make sure you are the only one who reads it.
Read the document quickly and check for grammatical errors.
This selection contains one spelling error and two comma
errors.
This selection contains one spelling error and one comma error.
This selection is correct without any revisions.
Spelling
Grammar
Punctuation
Trite expression
Wordy noun phrase
Redundancy
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4. Enhancing Readability through Document Design
When you compose a message, you want your audience to find
4. the information it needs quickly and to understand it. Your
message should be easy to
read and comprehend.
Strategic use of white space improves document readability.
Which of the following techniques employ white space? Check
all that apply.
Margins determine the reading area of a document.
Complete the following sentence about margins and alignment
with the best choices.
Nearly all text in Western cultures is aligned at the , and the
right margin may be .
Typeface, font, and size influence how your message is read.
Review the selection, and determine whether the following
statement about typeface and font is true or false.
A WIDE variety of typefaces are available for business writers.
Different typefaces suggest different purposes and occasions.
True or False: Boldface, italics, and underlining are effective
ways of drawing attention to specific words and phrases.
Headings are important for visual impact and readability. Which
of the following sentences about headings are true? Check all
that apply.
Read the following sentence, and determine which technique is
most applicable to improve its readability.
Using justified alignment
5. Breaking paragraphs into shorter chunks
Using all caps
Using a serif typeface
True
False
Headings should not be used in formal documents.
Headings increase the skim value of a message.
Headings often appear in business reports.
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The letters you send to clients must be precise, stated with
clarity, and utilize an economy of language.
6. Eliminating compound prepositions
Developing parallelism for balance
Using numbered or bulleted lists
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3. Revising for Vigor and Directness
To make your business messages more effective, revise for
vigor and directness. You can strengthen your writing by
unburying verbs, controlling
exuberance, and choosing precise words.
Which of the sentences contain buried verbs? Check all that
apply.
The buried verb phrase engage in evaluation can be revised to
.
7. Overuse of intensifiers sounds unprofessional. Which one of the
following sentences best controls exuberance?
Clear writing uses specific verbs, concrete nouns, and vivid
adjectives. It avoids vague pronouns.
Complete the sentence with the choices that best avoid sloppy
reference.
won handily.
Read the following selection, and answer the question.
They were totally excited to be getting a new system. It would
allow them to conduct a remote discussion of the budget with
the group.
The team reached an agreement that this was absolutely going to
create an increase in productivity.
Which of the following is the most direct and professional
revision of the last sentence?
The entire team prepared the proposal Paul submitted on
Wednesday.
Give consideration to the economic climate.
Please analyze last month’s sales trends.
The new filing system will increase efficiency.
I am definitely certain that he will absolutely love the gift.
I am certain he will like the gift.
8. The production team agreed the new system would create an
increase in productivity.
The team absolutely agreed the new system would increase
productivity.
The production team agreed the new system would increase
productivity.
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2. Revising for Clarity
Business writers appreciate messages that are clear and
understandable. Proofreading and evaluating your work will
help you compose messages that
are clear, concise, and direct. Revise for clarity by eliminating
trite phrases, avoiding jargon and slang, and dropping cliché́s.
What can you do to express, not impress?
In order to sound businesslike, many writers use stale
expressions. Which of the following are fresh, vigorous, and
clear phrases. Check all that apply.
Avoid slang and jargon to achieve clarity.
Select the clearest options to complete the sentence.
Andy the .
Clichés are expressions that have become exhausted because of
overuse. Read the following message, and identify the clichés.
First and foremost, I would like to thank you all for your ability
to think outside the box. While it is easier said than done, you
all fit the
bill and remain true to form by creating marketing campaigns
10. that pass with flying colors. As we move on to the next
assignment as
quick as a flash, remember that despite the turnaround speed of
our projects, we can’t afford to shoot from the hip. We must
stand our
ground and remain the exception to the rule, producing
promotions that are better than new and good to go. Last but not
least, please
save the date for our annual company BBQ on May 23.
Which of the following are clichés from the preceding message?
Check all that apply.
Trust your writing skills to hide your lack of knowledge.
Keep it short and simple.
Make it long and complex.
Please
Thank you
Thank you in advance
As per your request
At your request
Every effort will be made
Move on to the next assignment
12. Better than new
Managers should be an omnipresent presence in case they are
needed.
Managers should be available when needed.
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1. Revising for Conciseness
Time is money in any business environment. To be successful in
the business world, you must be able to create concise and easy-
to-read messages.
As you revise, eliminate flabby expressions, long lead-ins,
fillers, redundancies, and empty words. Your audience will
appreciate your brevity.
Which of the following sentences contain flabby expressions?
Check all that apply.
13. Complete the sentence with the most concise option.
are canceled this week.
Read the following paragraph, and choose the best revision for
one of its sentences.
Dr. Blake is retiring at the end of the month. There will be an
unoccupied office upon his departure, and it is big in size.
Because each
and every one of the other offices is fully occupied, it is
recommended that we convert Dr. Blake’s office into a lounge.
It is absolutely
essential that this issue is discussed at the next staff meeting.
Evaluate each of the following sentences, and choose the most
concise revision.
It is the user who should contact the help center.
I am sending you this letter to inform you that we have
experienced an unexpected surprise within our expense sheet,
but we are positively certain we
He seldom returns text messages.
Feel free to help yourself to the delectable desserts in the break
room until such time as they are all consumed.
Alessia will probably be promoted.
In the event that Marie calls, please inform her that we will be
proceeding along the normal course of events.
14. Contact Jorge; he can allow access to the beta version.
Because every other office is occupied, it’s recommended that
we should convert Dr. Blake’s office into a lounge.
Because every other office is filled, we should convert Dr.
Blake’s office into a lounge.
The user should contact the help center.
It is the user who should contact the help center if there is a
problem.
The user should contact the help center as to whether or not
they have a problem.
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will solve it.
I would like to inform you that the Johnson report might not be
15. complete by the deadline.
We have identified a problem with our expense sheet, but we
will solve it.
I am sending you this letter to inform you that we have a
problem with our expense sheet, but we are positively certain
we have a
solution.
We have experienced an unexpected surprise with our expense
sheet, but we are midway to an end result.
The Johnson report might not be complete by the deadline.
I am unsure as to whether or not the Johnson report will be
complete by the deadline.
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16. Page 2
PRINTED BY: [email protected] Printing is for personal,
private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will
be prosecuted.
Creating Customer
Relationships and Value
through Marketing
1
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter you should be able to:
LO 1-1 Define marketing and identify the diverse factors that
influence marketing
actions.
LO 1-2 Explain how marketing discovers and satisfies consumer
needs.
LO 1-3 Distinguish between marketing mix factors and
environmental forces.
17. LO 1-4 Explain how organizations build strong customer
relationships and
customer value through marketing.
LO 1-5 Describe how today’s customer relationship era differs
from prior eras.
At Chobani, Marketing Is “Nothing but Good”!
If you are like many consumers today, your food tastes have
been changing. Interest in
healthful, nutritious, organic products is growing dramatically,
and companies like Chobani are
creating new offerings to provide customer value!
It was Hamdi Ulukaya’s marketing saavy that first helped him
create Chobani. As an immigrant
from Turkey, he observed that American-style yogurt “was full
of sugar and preservatives,”
unlike the typical Greek-style yogurt he experienced growing
up. The Greek yogurt was
strained to remove the liquid whey and had more protein than
the unstrained American
yogurts marketed by Yoplait and Dannon. To meet the changing
tastes of American consumers,
Ulukaya bought a recently closed dairy in a small town in New
York with a Small Business
Administration loan and began developing a new yogurt recipe.
Understanding Consumers’ Food Values
“I was very picky. It took us 18 months to get the recipe right. I
knew I had only one shot, and
it had to be perfect,” says Ulukaya. The result was Chobani
Greek Yogurt, a product that is
higher in protein, lower in sugar, and thicker and creamier than
18. typical American yogurt. The
timing fit perfectly with the shift in demand for healthier and
simpler products. Food purchases
by young adults, particularly millennials, were increasingly
influenced by concern for wellness.
1
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Chobani’s yogurt and its message “Nothing But Good” fit
consumers’ new values.
Reaching Customers
Chobani had little money for traditional advertising, so the new
company relied on positive
word of mouth, with one happy customer telling another about
the new style of yogurt. In
2010, Chobani’s “CHOmobile” started to tour the country,
handing out free samples to
encourage consumers to try Chobani’s Greek Yogurt for the
first time. In addition, one of
Chobani’s biggest breakthroughs in gaining public awareness
was its sponsorship of the 2012
U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Teams.
19. The company also created a YouTube channel that featured
“Just Add Good” recipes to show
customers how to use yogurt in meals and desserts. It also
interacted with consumers through
other social media sites such as Twitter and Instagram, and in
just five years had 800,000
Facebook fans.
Chobani 2014 Super Bowl Ad
kerin.tv/13e/v1-1
Chobani also pushed for distribution in major grocery chains
rather than smaller niche stores,
2
Chobani LLC
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and encouraged placement of the product in the main dairy
cases of the stores, not the
specialty or health food sections. Ulukaya was convinced that
Americans would really like
20. Greek yogurt if they tried it, and that they
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would try it if they had heard about it and could find it easily in
their grocery store. By
2013 Chobani Greek Yogurt was sold nationwide in the United
States, the United
Kingdom, and Australia.
Chobani Today
Chobani continues to monitor changing
consumer tastes and offers new products to
accommodate them. For example, the
company recently introduced Chobani Kids
and Chobani Tots Greek yogurt pouches,
Chobani Greek Yogurt Oats—Ancient Grain
Blend, and Chobani Flip Creations. The
products are designed for new and existing
consumers and for new eating occasions.
One way Chobani stays in touch with
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WHAT IS MARKETING?
The good news is that you are already a marketing
expert! You perform many marketing activities and
make marketing-related decisions every day. For
example, would you sell more LG 77-inch 4K UltraHD
OLED TVs at $24,999 or $2,499? You answered
$2,499, right? So your experience in shopping gives
you some expertise in marketing. As a consumer,
you’ve been involved in thousands of marketing
decisions, but mostly on the buying and not the
selling side. But to test your expertise, answer the
“marketing expert” questions posed in Figure 1–1.
You’ll find the answers within the next several pages.
The bad news is that good marketing isn’t always easy. That’s
why every year thousands of new products fail in the
marketplace and then quietly slide into oblivion.
23. Marketing and Your Career
Marketing affects all individuals, all organizations, all
industries, and all countries. This book seeks to teach you
Are you a marketing expert? If so, what would you pay for this
cutting-edge TV?
Source: LG Electronics
Figure 1–1 The see-if-you’re-really-a-marketing-expert test.
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marketing concepts, often by having you actually “do
marketing”—by putting you in the shoes of a marketing
manager facing actual marketing decisions. The book also
shows marketing’s many applications and how it affects
our lives. This knowledge should make you a better consumer
and enable you to be a more informed citizen, and it
may even help you in your career planning.
Perhaps your future will involve doing sales and
marketing for a large organization. Working for a
well-known company—Apple, Ford, Facebook, or
General Mills—can be personally satisfying and
financially rewarding, and you may gain special
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LO 1-1
Define marketing and identify the diverse
factors that influence marketing actions.
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The American Marketing Association
represents individuals and organizations
involved in the development and practice of
marketing worldwide. It defines marketing as the
activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating,
communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings
that have value for customers, clients, partners, and
society at large. This definition shows that marketing
is far more than simply advertising or personal
selling. It stresses the need to deliver genuine value in the
offerings of goods, services, and ideas marketed to
customers. Also, notice that an organization’s marketing
activities should also create value for its partners and for
society.
To serve both buyers and sellers, marketing seeks (1) to
discover the needs and wants of prospective customers and
(2) to satisfy them. These prospective customers include both
individuals, buying for themselves and their
households, and organizations, buying for their own use (such
26. as manufacturers) or for resale (such as wholesalers
and retailers). The key to achieving these two objectives is the
idea of exchange , which is the trade of things of
value between a buyer and a seller so that each is better off
after the trade.
The Diverse Elements Influencing Marketing Actions
Although an organization’s marketing activity focuses on
assessing and satisfying consumer needs, countless other
people, groups, and forces interact to shape the nature of its
actions (see Figure 1–2). Foremost is the organization
itself, whose mission and objectives determine what business it
is in and what goals it seeks. Within the
organization, management is responsible for establishing these
goals. The marketing department works closely with
a network of other departments and employees to help provide
the customer-satisfying products required for the
organization to survive and prosper.
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Figure 1–2 also shows the key people, groups, and forces
outside the organization that influence its marketing
activities. The marketing department is responsible for
facilitating relationships, partnerships, and alliances with
the organization’s customers, its shareholders (or often
representatives of nonprofit organizations), its suppliers,
and other organizations. Environmental forces involving social,
economic, technological, competitive, and
regulatory considerations also shape an organization’s
marketing
Figure 1–2 A marketing department relates to many people,
organizations, and forces. Note that the marketing department
both
shapes and is shaped by its relationship with these internal and
external groups.
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actions. Finally, an organization’s marketing decisions are
affected by and, in turn, often have an important
impact on society as a whole.
The organization must strike a balance among the sometimes
differing interests of these groups. For example, it is
not possible to simultaneously provide the lowest-priced and
highest-quality products to customers and pay the
highest prices to suppliers, the highest wages to employees, and
the maximum dividends to shareholders.
What Is Needed for Marketing to Occur
For marketing to occur, at least four factors are required: (1)
two or more parties (individuals or organizations) with
unsatisfied needs, (2) a desire and ability on their part to have
their needs satisfied, (3) a way for the parties to
communicate, and (4) something to exchange.
Two or More Parties with Unsatisfied Needs
Suppose you’ve developed an unmet need—a desire for a late-
night dinner after studying for an exam—but you
don’t yet know that Domino’s Pizza has a location in your area.
Also unknown to you is that Domino’s has a special
offer for its tasty Handmade Pan Pizza, just waiting to be
ordered, handmade, and delivered. This is an example of
two parties with unmet needs: you, desiring a meal, and your
local Domino’s Pizza owner, needing someone to buy
a Handmade Pan Pizza.
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Marketing occurs when the transaction takes place and both the
buyer and seller exchange something of value. In
this case, you exchange your money ($8.99) for the Domino’s
Handmade Pan Pizza. Both you and the Domino’s
Pizza owner have gained and also given up something, but you
are both better off because each of you has satisfied
the other’s unmet needs. You have the opportunity to eat a
Domino’s Handmade Pan Pizza to satisfy your hunger,
but you gave up some money to do so; the Domino’s Pizza
owner gave up the Handmade Pan Pizza but received
money, which will help the owner remain in business. The
ethical and legal foundations of this exchange process are
central to marketing and are discussed in Chapter 4.
learning review
1-1. What is marketing?
1-2. Marketing focuses on __________ and __________
consumer needs.
1-3. What four factors are needed for marketing to occur?
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An e-commerce site with financial benefits for users.
Courtesy of StuffDOT, Inc.
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Discovering Consumer Needs
The first objective in marketing is discovering the needs of
prospective customers. Marketers often use customers
surveys, concept tests, and other forms of marketing research
(discussed in detail in Chapter 8) to better
understand customer ideas. Many firms also use
“crowdsourcing” websites to solicit and evaluate ideas from
customers. At LEGO Group, for example, ideas that receive
10,000 votes from site visitors are considered for
possible addition to the product line. LEGO Group products that
were discovered through the website include its
Ghostbuster ambulance, its Mars rover Curiosity, and a set
based on the Minecraft video game! Sometimes,
however, customers may not know or be able to describe what
they need and want. Personal computers,
smartphones, and electric cars are all examples of this, in which
case an accurate long-term prediction of consumer
needs is essential.
34. The solution to preventing product failures seems
embarrassingly obvious. First, find out what consumers need
and
want. Second, produce what they need and want, and don’t
produce what they don’t need and want. The three
products shown above illustrate just how difficult it is to
achieve new-product success, a topic covered in more
detail in Chapter 10.
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Without reading further, think about the potential benefits to
customers and possible “showstoppers”—
factors that might doom the product—for each of the three
products pictured. Some of the products may
come out of your past, and others may be on your horizon.
35. Here’s a quick analysis of the three products:
Apple Newton. In the 1990s Apple launched its Newton
MessagePad, the first handheld device
in a category that came to be known as personal digital
assistants. Apple invested more than
$1.5 billion in today’s dollars but sold just a few hundred
thousand units before Steve Jobs took
the product off the market. In many ways the showstopper for
this product was that it was
before its time. It launched before the World Wide Web, before
cellphones, and before the broad
use of e-mail. As a result, while the product was revolutionary,
the uses for consumers were
limited!10
StuffDOT Strategies
kerin.tv/13e/v1-2
StuffDOT . This recent start-up is a social e-commerce site that
seeks to reward consumers for
their online shopping and sharing activity. This is possible
because Internet retailers like
Amazon and Target.com make small payments to the owners of
websites that refer shoppers to
their products. These payments are a big and growing business,
generating a projected $4.5
billion in 2016. StuffDOT’s founders believe that consumers
deserve to share in those
payments, so they have developed a platform that enables users
to earn a portion of the revenue
that they generate by sharing links and shopping online. A
potential showstopper: Will
consumers understand the benefits of StuffDOT well enough to
change their shopping habits to
take advantage of the opportunity?
36. VIDEO 1-2
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Firms spend billions of dollars annually on marketing and
technical research that significantly reduces, but doesn’t
eliminate, new-product failure. So meeting the changing needs
of consumers is a continuing challenge for firms
around the world.
Consumer Needs and Consumer Wants
Should marketing try to satisfy consumer needs or consumer
wants? Marketing tries to do both. Heated debates
rage over this question, fueled by the definitions of needs and
wants and the amount of freedom given to
prospective customers to make their own buying decisions.
A need occurs when a person feels deprived of basic necessities
such as food, clothing, and shelter. A want is a need
37. that is shaped by a person’s knowledge, culture, and
personality. So if you feel hungry, you have developed a basic
need and desire to eat something. Let’s say you then want to eat
a Cool Mint Chocolate Clif Bar because, based on
your past experience, you know it will satisfy your hunger need.
Effective marketing, in the form of creating an
awareness of good products at fair prices and convenient
locations, can clearly shape a person’s wants.
Certainly, marketing tries to influence what we buy. A question
then arises: At what point do we want government
and society to step in to protect consumers? Most consumers
Pepsi True Ad
kerin.tv/13e/v1-3
Pepsi True. At the 2014 Clinton Global Initiative, PepsiCo and
Coca-Cola announced an
agreement to reduce the calorie content of their products by 20
percent before 2025. As part of
this agreement PepsiCo launched a new product—Pepsi True.
The new cola is sweetened with a
combination of sugar and stevia leaf extract, resulting in a soft
drink with the same flavor of
Pepsi-Cola but only 60 calories. Pepsi True is offered in the
U.S. through Amazon.com and in
grocery stores, and will be introduced in Great Britain where it
will compete with Coca-Cola’s
Coca-Cola Life. A potential showstopper: In the past, mid-
calorie soft drinks such as Pepsi Next
(2012), Pepsi Edge (2004), and Pepsi XL (1995) have not been
successful as “transition” sodas
from regular to diet. Will Pepsi True be next? As always, as a
consumer, you will be the judge!
VIDEO 1-3
39. drugs and unsafe cars but not from candy bars
and soft drinks. To protect college students, should government
restrict their use of credit cards? Such
questions have no clear-cut answers, which is why legal and
ethical issues are central to marketing. Because even
psychologists and economists still debate the exact meanings of
need and want, we shall use the terms
interchangeably throughout the book.
As shown in the left side of Figure 1–3, discovering needs
involves looking carefully at prospective customers,
whether they are children buying M&M’s candy, college
students buying Chobani Greek Yogurt, or firms buying
Xerox color copiers. A principal activity of a firm’s marketing
department is to scrutinize its consumers to
understand what they need and want and the forces that shape
those needs and wants.
What a Market Is
Potential consumers make up a market , which is people with
both the desire and the ability to buy a specific
13
Figure 1–3 Marketing seeks first to discover consumer needs
through extensive research. It then seeks to satisfy those needs
by
successfully implementing a marketing program possessing the
right combination of the marketing mix—the four Ps.
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LO 1-3
Distinguish between marketing mix
factors and environmental forces.
offering. All markets ultimately are people. Even when we say a
firm bought a Xerox copier, we mean one or several
people in the firm decided to buy it. People who are aware of
their unmet needs may have the desire to buy the
product, but that alone isn’t sufficient. People must also have
the ability to buy, such as the authority, time, and
money. People may even “buy” an idea that results in an action,
such as having their blood pressure checked
annually or turning down their thermostat to save energy.
Satisfying Consumer Needs
Marketing doesn’t stop with the discovery of consumer needs.
Because the organization obviously can’t satisfy all
consumer needs, it must concentrate its efforts on certain needs
of a specific group of potential consumers. This is
the target market —one or more specific groups of potential
consumers toward which an organization directs its
marketing program.
The Four Ps: Controllable
41. Marketing Mix Factors
Having selected its target market consumers, the firm
must take steps to satisfy their needs, as shown in the
right side of Figure 1–3. Someone in the
organization’s marketing department, often the
marketing manager, must develop a complete
marketing program to reach consumers
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by using a combination of four elements, often called “the four
Ps”—a useful shorthand reference to them
first published by Professor E. Jerome McCarthy:
We’ll define each of the four Ps more carefully later in the
book, but for now it’s important to remember that they
are the elements of the marketing mix . These four elements are
42. the controllable factors—product, price,
promotion, and place—that can be used by the marketing
manager to solve a marketing problem. For example,
when a company puts a product on sale, it is changing one
element of the marketing mix—namely, the price. The
marketing mix elements are called controllable factors because
they are under the control of the marketing
department in an organization.
Designing an effective marketing mix also conveys to potential
buyers a clear customer value proposition ,
which is a cluster of benefits that an organization promises
customers to satisfy their needs. For example, Walmart’s
customer value proposition can be described as “help people
around the world save money and live better—anytime
and anywhere.” Michelin’s customer value proposition can be
summed up as “providing safety-conscious parents
greater security in tires at a premium price.”
The Uncontrollable, Environmental Forces
While marketers can control their marketing mix
factors, there are forces that are mostly beyond their
control (see Figure 1–2). These are the environme
ntal forces that affect a marketing decision, which
consist of social, economic, technological,
competitive, and regulatory forces. Examples are what
consumers themselves want and need, changing
technology, the state of the economy in terms of
whether it is expanding or contracting, actions that
competitors take, and government restrictions. Covered in detail
in Chapter 3, these five forces may serve as
accelerators or brakes on marketing, sometimes expanding an
organization’s marketing opportunities and at other
times restricting them.
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LO 1-4
Explain how organizations build strong
customer relationships and customer
value through marketing.
are entirely outside their influence. However, recent studies and
marketing successes have shown that a forward-
looking, action-oriented firm can often affect some
environmental forces by achieving technological or competitive
breakthroughs, such as Apple’s new Apple Watch.
THE MARKETING PROGRAM: HOW CUSTOMER
RELATIONSHIPS
ARE BUILT
An organization’s marketing program connects it with
its customers. To clarify this link, we will first discuss
the critically important concepts of customer value,
customer relationships, and relationship marketing.
Then we will illustrate these concepts using 3M’s
marketing program for its Post-it Flag Highlighter
products.
Relationship Marketing: Easy to Understand, Hard to Do
Intense competition in today’s fast-paced global markets has
prompted many successful U.S. firms to focus on
45. “customer value.” Gaining loyal customers by providing unique
value is the essence of successful marketing. What is
new is a more careful attempt at
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understanding how a firm’s customers perceive value and then
actually creating and delivering that value to
them. Customer value is the unique combination of benefits
received by targeted buyers that includes
quality, convenience, on-time delivery, and both before-sale and
after-sale service at a specific price. Firms now
actually try to place a dollar value on the purchases of loyal,
satisfied customers during their lifetimes. For example,
loyal Kleenex customers average 6.7 boxes a year, about $994
over 60 years in today’s dollars (see question 2, Figu
re 1–1).
16
17
48. ?from=2&to=23
Remaining among the “best” is a continuing challenge for
today’s businesses.
A firm achieves meaningful customer relationships by creating
connections with its customers through careful
coordination of the product, its price, the way it’s promoted,
and how it’s placed.
The hallmark of developing and maintaining effective customer
relationships is today called relationship market
ing , which links the organization to its individual customers,
employees, suppliers, and other partners for their
mutual long-term benefit. Relationship marketing involves a
personal, ongoing relationship between the
organization and its individual customers that begins before and
continues after the sale.
Information technology, along with cutting-edge manufacturing
and
marketing processes, better enables companies to form
relationships with
customers today. Smart, connected products, now elements of
“the
Internet of everything,” help create detailed databases about
product
usage. Then, using data analytics, or the examination of data to
discover
relevant patterns, companies can gain insights into how
products create
value for customers. For example, BMW receives data
transmitted by
each new vehicle it sells and General Electric collects
information sent in
by the jet engines it builds to help them understand how
49. customers use
their products and when service may be needed.
Best product: Starbucks. Starbucks seeks “to inspire and nurture
the human spirit—one person,
one cup and one neighborhood at a time,” stressing "The best
coffee for the best YOU," in the
process.
Best service: Nordstrom. As a leading fashion specialty retailer,
Nordstrom works to “deliver the
best possible shopping experience, helping customer possess
style—not just buy fashion.”
Nordstrom is “committed to providing our customers with the
best possible service—and
improving it every day.”
20
Zappos uses relationship marketing
concepts—tailoring the purchase
experience to each individual—to
“deliver happiness” and create lifelong
customers.
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Online shoe retailer Zappos observes and tracks its customers’
purchases to provide personal connections
and create customers for life.
The Marketing Program and Market Segments
Effective relationship marketing strategies help marketing
managers discover what prospective customers need and
convert these ideas into marketable products (see Figure 1–3).
These concepts must then be converted into a
tangible marketing program —a plan that integrates the
marketing mix to provide a good, service, or idea to
prospective buyers. Ideally, they can be formed into market
segments , which are relatively homogeneous groups
of prospective buyers that (1) have common needs and (2) will
respond similarly to a marketing action. This action
might be a product feature, a promotion, or a price. As shown in
Figure 1–3, in an effective organization this
process is continuous: Consumer needs trigger product concepts
that are translated into actual products that
stimulate further discovery of consumer needs.
learning review
1-
4.
51. An organization can’t satisfy the needs of all consumers, so it
must focus on one or
more subgroups, which are its __________.
1-
5.
What are the four marketing mix elements that make up the
organization’s marketing
program?
1-
6.
What are environmental forces?
3M’s Strategy and Marketing Program to Help Students Study
“How do college students really study?” asked David
Windorski, a 3M inventor of Post-it brand products, when
thinking about adding a new item to the Post-it line.
3M Post-it® Flag Highlighters Ad
kerin.tv/13e/v1-4
To answer this question, Windorski worked with a team of four
college students. Their task was to observe and
21
®
® 22
VIDEO 1-4
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would dispense Post-it Flags because the Post-it Notes were
simply too large to put inside the barrel of a
highlighter.
Hundreds of the initial highlighter prototypes with Post-it
Flags inside
were produced and given to students—and also office workers—
to get
their reactions. This research showed users wanted a
convenient, reliable
cover to protect the Post-it Flags in the highlighter. So the
Post-it Flag
Highlighter with a rotating cover was born.
Adding the Post-it Flag Pen
Most of David Windorski’s initial design energies had gone into
his Post-
it Flag Highlighter research and development. But Windorski
55. ®
®
®
®
®
Post-it Flag Highlighter. The target market shown in the orange
column in Figure 1–4 is
mainly college students, so 3M’s initial challenge was to build
student awareness of a product
that they didn’t know existed. The company used a mix of print
ads in college newspapers and a
TV ad and then relied on word-of-mouth advertising—students
telling their friends about how
great the product is. Gaining distribution in college bookstores
was also critical. Plus, 3M
charged a price to distributors that it hoped would give a
reasonable bookstore price to students
and an acceptable profit to distributors and 3M.
®
Post-it Flag Pen.®
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How well did these new 3M products do in the marketplace?
They have done so well that 3M bestowed a prestigious
award on David Windorski and his team. And in what must be
considered any inventor’s dream come true, Oprah
Winfrey flew Windorski to Chicago to appear on her TV show
and thank him in person. She told Windorski and her
audience that the Post-it Flag Highlighter is changing the way
she does things at home and at work—especially in
going through potential books she might recommend for her
book club. “David, I know you never thought this
would happen when you were in your 3M lab…but I want you to
take a bow before America for the invention of
this…(highlighter). It’s the most incredible invention,” she said.
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The primary target market shown in the green column in Figure
1–4 is people
working in offices. The Post-it Flag Pens are mainly business
products—bought by the
purchasing department in an organization and stocked as office
supplies for employees to use.
So the marketing program for Post-it Flag Pens emphasizes
gaining distribution in outlets
used by an organization’s purchasing department.
57. ®
®
Figure 1–4 Marketing programs for the launch of two Post-it
brand products targeted at two target market segments.®
®
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LO 1-5
Describe how today’s customer
relationship era differs from prior eras.
Extending the Product Line
Feedback about these two products led Windorski to design a
second
generation of Post-it Flag Highlighters and Pens without the
rotating
58. cover to make it easier to insert replacement flags. The new
tapered
design is also easier for students to hold and use.
The success of the second generation of Post-it Flag
Highlighters, in
turn, encouraged Windorski to continue to ask questions about
how
students study.
Is it too much trouble when you’re studying to grab for a 3M
Post-it Flag, then a highlighter, and then your pen?
You’re in luck! New to the family of 3M products is the latest
generation of Windorski’s innovations: A 3-in-1
combination that has a highlighter on one end, a pen on the
other, and 3M Post-it Flags in the removable cap, as
shown in the photo.
HOW MARKETING BECAME SO IMPORTANT
To understand why marketing is a driving force in the
modern global economy, let us look at (1) the
evolution of the market orientation, (2) ethics and
social responsibility in marketing, and (3) the breadth
and depth of marketing activities.
Evolution of the Market Orientation
Many American manufacturers have experienced four distinct
stages in the life of their firms. The first stage, the
production era, covers the early years of the United States up
until the 1920s. Goods were scarce and buyers were
willing to accept virtually any goods that were available and
make do with them. In the sales era from the 1920s
to the 1960s, manufacturers found they could produce more
goods than buyers could consume. Competition grew.
61. continuously seek to satisfy the high expectations of customers.
Focusing on Customer Relationship Management
A recent focus in the customer relationship era has been the
advent of social networking, in which organizations
and their customers develop relationships through social media
websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube,
among others. This focus has allowed organizations to
understand and market to current and prospective customers
in ways that are still evolving, such as in using social media.
An important outgrowth of this focus on the customer is the
recent attention placed on customer relationship m
anagement (CRM) , the process of identifying prospective
buyers, understanding them intimately, and
developing favorable long-term perceptions of the organization
and its offerings so that buyers will choose them in
the marketplace. This process requires the involvement and
commitment of managers and employees throughout
the organization and a growing application of information,
communication, and Internet technology, as will be
described throughout this book.
27
Figure 1–5 Four different orientations in the history of
American business. Today’s customer relationship era focuses
on satisfying
the high expectations of customers.
28
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64. Trader Joe’s has about 415 stores in over 35 states. It started in
California and then expanded on the West Coast
before jumping to the East Coast in 1996 and the Midwest in
2000.
What makes the customer experience and loyalty of shoppers at
Trader Joe’s unique? The reasons include:
This commitment to providing an exceptional customer
experience is what gives Trader Joe’s its high rankings.
Recent studies support this approach, suggesting that companies
must watch for differences between the experience
they offer and what consumers expect at each interaction, and
they must excel at managing the complete experience
from start to finish.
Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing: Balancing the
Interests of
Different Groups
As organizations have changed their orientation, society’s
expectations of marketers have also changed. Today, the
standards of marketing practice have shifted from an emphasis
on producers’ interests to consumers’ interests.
Guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior can
help managers balance consumer, organizational, and
societal interests.
Ethics
Many marketing issues are not specifically addressed by
existing laws and regulations. Should information about a
firm’s customers be sold to other organizations? Should
advertising by professional service providers, such as
accountants and attorneys, be restricted? Should consumers be
on their own to assess the safety of a product? These
65. 30
Setting low prices, made possible by offering its own brands
rather than well-known national
ones.
Offering unusual, affordable products, like Thai lime-and-chili
cashews, not available from other
retailers.
Providing rare employee “engagement” to help customers, like
actually walking them to where
the roasted chestnuts are—rather than saying “aisle five.”
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questions raise difficult ethical issues. Many companies,
industries, and professional associations have developed
codes of ethics to assist managers.
Social Responsibility
While many ethical issues involve only the buyer and seller,
others involve
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The well-being of society at large should also be recognized in
an organization’s marketing decisions. In
fact, some marketing experts stress the societal marketing
concept , the view that organizations should
satisfy the needs of consumers in a way that provides for
society’s well-being. For example, 3M’s Scotch-Brite
Greener Clean non-scratch scrub sponges are made from
recycled agave plant fibers that remain after the plants are
harvested for tequila production (see question 3, Figure 1-1).
The sponges outlast 30 rolls of paper towels!
The Breadth and Depth of Marketing
Marketing today affects every person and
organization. To understand this, let’s analyze (1) who
markets, (2) what is marketed, (3) who buys and uses
what is marketed, (4) who benefits from these
marketing activities, and (5) how consumers benefit.
Who Markets?
Every organization markets. It’s obvious that business
firms involved in manufacturing (Heinz), retailing
(Trader Joe’s), and providing services (Marriott)
68. market their offerings. And nonprofit organizations such as
museums, your local hospital or college, places (cities,
states, countries), and even special causes (Race for the Cure)
also engage in marketing. Finally, individuals such as
political candidates often use marketing to gain voter attention
and preference.
What Is Marketed?
Goods, services, and ideas are marketed. Goods are physical
objects, such
as toothpaste, cameras, or computers, that satisfy consumer
needs.
Services are intangible items such as airline trips, financial
advice, or art
museums. Ideas are thoughts about concepts, actions, or causes.
In this book, goods, services, and ideas are all considered
“products” that
are marketed. So a product is a good, service, or idea
consisting of a
bundle of tangible and intangible attributes that satisfies
consumers’
needs and is received in exchange for money or something else
of value.
Services like those offered by art museums, hospitals, and
sports teams are relying more heavily on effective
marketing. For example, financial pressures have caused art
museums to innovate to market their unique services—
the viewing of works of art by visitors—to increase revenues.
This often involves levels of rare creativity unthinkable
several decades ago.
33 ®
70. take a “virtual tour” of its exhibits while watching on your iPad
and relaxing.
Hermitage Tour
kerin.tv/13e/v1-5
Ideas are most often marketed by nonprofit organizations or the
government. So the Nature Conservancy markets
the cause of protecting the environment. Charities market the
idea that it’s
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worthwhile for you to donate your time or money. The Peace
Corps markets to recruit qualified volunteers.
And state governments in Arizona and Florida market taking a
71. warm, sunny winter vacation in their states.
Who Buys and Uses What Is Marketed?
Both individuals and organizations buy and use products that
are marketed. Ultimate consumers are the people
—whether 80 years or eight months old—who use the products
and services purchased for a household. In contrast,
organizational buyers are those manufacturers, wholesalers,
retailers, service companies, not-for-profit
organizations and government agencies that buy products and
services for their own use or for resale. Although the
terms consumers, buyers, and customers are sometimes used for
both ultimate consumers and organizations, there
is no consistency on this. In this book you will be able to tell
from the example whether the buyers are ultimate
consumers, organizations, or both.
Who Benefits?
In our free-enterprise society, there are three specific groups
that benefit
from effective marketing: consumers who buy, organizations
that sell, and
society as a whole. True competition between products and
services in the
marketplace ensures that consumers can find value from the best
products, the lowest prices, or exceptional service. Providing
choices leads
to the consumer satisfaction and quality of life that we expect
from our
economic system.
Organizations that provide need-satisfying products with
effective marketing programs—for example, Target, IBM,
and Avon—have blossomed. But competition creates problems
72. for ineffective competitors, including the hundreds
of dot-com businesses, such as Pets.com, that failed over a
decade ago.
Finally, effective marketing benefits society. It enhances
competition, which both improves the quality of
products and services and lowers their prices. This makes
countries more competitive in world markets and
provides jobs and a higher standard of living for their citizens.
How Do Consumers Benefit?
Marketing creates utility , the benefits or customer value
received by users of the product. This utility is the result
of the marketing exchange process and the way society benefits
from marketing. There are four different utilities:
form, place, time, and possession. The production of the product
or service constitutes form utility. Place utility
means having the offering available where consumers need it,
whereas time utility means having it available when
needed. Possession utility is the value of making an item easy to
purchase through the provision of credit cards or
Marketing the idea of volunteering for
the Peace Corps can benefit society.
Source: United States Peace Corps
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financial arrangements. Marketing creates its utilities by
bridging space (place utility) and hours (time utility) to
provide products (form utility) for consumers to own and use
(possession utility).
learning review
1-7. What are the two key characteristics of the marketing
concept?
1-8. What is the difference between ultimate consumers and
organizational buyers?
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74. LEARNING OBJECTIVES REVIEW
LO 1-1 Define marketing and identify the diverse factors that
influence marketing actions.
Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes
for creating, communicating, and delivering value
to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways
that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.
This definition relates to two primary goals of marketing: (a)
discovering the needs of prospective customers and
(b) satisfying them. Achieving these two goals also involves the
four marketing mix factors largely controlled by
the organization and the five environmental forces that are
generally outside its control.
LO 1-2 Explain how marketing discovers and satisfies consumer
needs.
The first objective in marketing is discovering the needs and
wants of consumers who are prospective buyers and
customers. This is not easy because consumers may not always
know or be able to describe what they need and
want. A need occurs when a person feels deprived of basic
necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. A want
is a need that is shaped by a person’s knowledge, culture, and
personality. Effective marketing can clearly shape a
person’s wants and tries to influence what he or she buys. The
second objective in marketing is satisfying the
needs of targeted consumers. Because an organization obviously
can’t satisfy all consumer needs, it must
concentrate its efforts on certain needs of a specific group of
potential consumers or target market—one or more
specific groups of potential consumers toward which an
organization directs its marketing program. It then
selects its target market segment(s), which are relatively
75. homogeneous groups of prospective buyers that (1) have
common needs and (2) will respond similarly to a marketing
action. Finally, the organization develops a set of
marketing actions in the form of a unique marketing program to
reach them.
LO 1-3 Distinguish between marketing mix factors and
environmental forces.
Four elements in a marketing program designed to satisfy
customer needs are product, price, promotion, and
place. These elements are called the marketing mix, the four Ps,
or the marketer’s controllable variables. The
marketing mix also provides a clear customer value
proposition—a cluster of benefits that an offering satisfies.
Environmental forces, also called uncontrollable variables, are
largely beyond the organization’s control. These
include social, economic, technological, competitive, and
regulatory forces.
LO 1-4 Explain how organizations build strong customer
relationships and customer value through
marketing.
The essence of successful marketing is to provide sufficient
value to gain loyal, long-term customers. Customer
value is the unique combination of benefits received by targeted
buyers that usually includes quality, price,
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76. convenience, on-time delivery, and both before-sale and after-
sale service. Marketers do this by using one of
three value strategies: best price, best product, or best service.
LO 1-5 Describe how today’s customer relationship era differs
from prior eras.
U.S. business history is divided into four overlapping periods:
the production era, the sales era, the marketing
concept era, and the current customer relationship era. The
production era covers the period up until the 1920s,
when buyers were willing to accept virtually any goods that
were available. The central notion was that products
would sell themselves. The sales era lasted from the 1920s to
the 1960s. Manufacturers found they could produce
more goods than buyers could consume, and competition grew,
so the solution was to hire more salespeople to
find new buyers. In the late 1950s, the marketing concept era
dawned when organizations adopted a strong
market orientation and integrated marketing into each phase of
their business. In today’s customer relationship
era, organizations continuously seek to satisfy the high
expectations of customers—an aggressive extension of the
marketing concept era. This is increasingly done through social
media.
LEARNING REVIEW ANSWERS
1-
1
What is marketing?
Answer: Marketing is the activity for creating, communicating,
delivering, and exchanging
offerings that benefit customers, the organization, its
77. stakeholders, and society at large.
1-
2
Marketing focuses on ____ and ____ consumer needs.
Answer: discovering; satisfying
1-
3
What four factors are needed for marketing to occur?
Answer: The four factors are: (1) two or more parties
(individuals or organizations) with
unsatisfied needs; (2) a desire and ability on their part to have
their needs satisfied; (3) a
way for the parties to communicate; and (4) something to
exchange.
1-
4
An organization can’t satisfy the needs of all consumers, so it
must focus on
one or more subgroups, which are its____.
Answer: target market
1-
5
What are the four marketing mix elements that make up the
organization’s
marketing program?
Answer: product, price, promotion, place
1-
78. 6
What are environmental forces?
Answer: Environmental forces are the uncontrollable forces that
affect a marketing decision.
They consist of social, economic, technological, competitive,
and regulatory forces.
1-What are the two key characteristics of the marketing
concept?
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7 Answer: An organization should (1) strive to satisfy the needs
of consumers while also (2)
trying to achieve the organization’s goals.
1-
8
What is the difference between ultimate consumers and
organizational buyers?
Answer: Ultimate consumers are the people who use the
products and services purchased
for a household. Organizational buyers are those manufacturers,
wholesalers, retailers, and
government agencies that buy products and services for their
own use or for resale.
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FOCUSING ON KEY TERMS
APPLYING MARKETING KNOWLEDGE
customer experience , 15
customer relationship management (CRM) , 15
customer value , 11
customer value proposition , 10
environmental forces , 10
exchange , 5
market , 9
market orientation , 15
market segments , 12
marketing , 5
marketing concept , 14
marketing mix , 10
marketing program , 12
organizational buyers , 18
product , 17
relationship marketing , 11
societal marketing concept , 17
target market , 9
80. ultimate consumers , 18
utility , 18
1. What consumer wants (or benefits) are met by the following
products or services? (a) 3M
Post-it Flag Highlighter, (b) Nike running shoes, (c) Hertz
Rent-A-Car, and (d) television
home shopping programs.
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82. This “Building Your Marketing Plan” section at the end of each
chapter suggests ways to improve and focus your
marketing plan. You will use the sample marketing plan in
Appendix A (following Chapter 2) as a guide, and
this section after each chapter will help you apply those
Appendix A ideas to your own marketing plan.
The first step in writing a good marketing plan is to have a
business or product that enthuses you and for which
you can get detailed information, so you can avoid glittering
generalities. We offer these additional bits of advice
in selecting a topic:
2. Each of the four products, services, or programs in question 1
has substitutes. Respective
examples are (a) a Bic™ highlighter, (b) regular tennis shoes,
(c) a bus ride, and (d) a
department store. What consumer benefits might these
substitutes have in each case that
some consumers might value more highly than those mentioned
in question 1?
3. What are the characteristics (e.g., age, income, education) of
the target market customers for
the following products or services? (a) National Geographic
magazine, (b) Chobani Greek
Yogurt, (c) New York Giants football team, and (d) Facebook.
4. A college in a metropolitan area wishes to increase its
evening-school offerings of business-
related courses such as marketing, accounting, finance, and
management. Who are the target
market customers (students) for these courses?
5. What actions involving the four marketing mix elements
might be used to reach the target
83. market in question 4?
6. What environmental forces (uncontrollable variables) must
the college in question 4 consider
in designing its marketing program?
7. Does a firm have the right to “create” wants and try to
persuade consumers to buy goods and
services they didn’t know about earlier? What are examples of
“good” and “bad” want
creation? Who should decide what is good and what is bad?
Do pick a topic that has personal interest for you—a family
business; a business, product, or
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service you or a friend might want to launch; or a student
organization that needs marketing
help.
Do not pick a topic that is so large it can’t be covered
adequately or so abstract it will lack
specifics.
1. Now to get you started on your marketing plan, list four or
five possible topics and compare
84. these with the criteria your instructor suggests and those shown
above. Think hard, because
your decision will be with you all term and may influence the
quality of the resulting
marketing plan you show to a prospective employer.
2. When you have selected your marketing plan topic, whether
the plan is for an actual business,
a possible business, or a student organization, write the
“company description” in your plan,
as shown in Appendix A (following Chapter 2).
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Video Case 1 Video Case 1: Chobani : Making Greek Yogurt a
Household Name
Chobani Video Case
kerin.tv/13e/v1-6
85. “Everybody should be able to enjoy a pure, simple cup of
yogurt. And that’s what Chobani is,” says Hamdi
Ulukaya, founder and chief executive officer of Chobani, LLC,
in summarizing his vision for the company.
As the winner of the 2013 Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur
of the Year award, his words and success story
carry great credibility.
THE IDEA
Hamdi Ulukaya came to the United States in 1994 to learn
English and study business. He started a feta cheese
company, Euphrates, when his visiting father complained about
the quality of American feta cheese. In 2005,
Kraft Foods closed its New Berlin, New York, yogurt plant built
in 1885. While tidying up his office, Ulukaya
stumbled upon a postcard about the sale of the shuttered Kraft
plant and threw it out. After sleeping on the
decision, he fished it out of the wastebasket, visited the plant,
and purchased it with the help of a U.S. Small
Business Administration loan.
®
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86. Ulukaya (center in photo) had no real experience in the yogurt
business. He grew up milking sheep at his family’s
dairy in eastern Turkey and eating the thick, tangy yogurt of his
homeland. Describing the regular yogurt he
found on shelves in America, he has one comment: “Terrible!”
In his view, it is too thin, too sweet, and too fake.
So he decided to produce what is known as “Greek yogurt”—an
authentic strained version that produces a thick
texture, high protein content, and with little or no fat. With the
help of four former Kraft employees and yogurt
master Mustafa Dogan, Ulukaya worked 18 months to perfect
the recipe for Chobani Greek Yogurt.
The very first cup for sale of Ulukaya’s Greek yogurt appeared
on shelves of a small grocer on Long Island, New
York, in 2007. The new-product launch focused on the classic
“4Ps” elements of marketing mix actions: product,
price, place, and promotion.
PRODUCT STRATEGY
From the start Ulukaya’s Greek yogurt carried the brand name
“Chobani.” There was no room for error, and the
product strategy for the Chobani brand focused on the separate
elements of (1) the product itself and (2) its
packaging.
The Chobani product strategy stresses its authentic straining
process that removes excess liquid whey. This
results in a thicker, creamier yogurt that yields 13 to 18 grams
of protein per single-serve cup, depending on the
flavor. Chobani is free of ingredients like milk protein
concentrate and animal-based thickeners, which some
manufacturers add to make “Greek-style” yogurts.
88. distributors.
Made with real fruit and only natural ingredients.
Preservative-free.
No artificial flavors or artificial sweeteners.
Contains five live and active cultures, including three
probiotics.
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Prices were set high enough to recover Chobani’s costs and give
reasonable margins to retailers but not
so high that future rivals could undercut its price. Today, prices
remain at about $1.29 for a single-serve
cup.
PLACE STRATEGY
The decision of Ulukaya and O’Brien to get Chobani Greek
Yogurt into the conventional yogurt aisle of
traditional supermarkets—not on specialty shelves or in health