1. Traditional Indonesian architecture reflects the diverse cultural influences on the region over centuries. Religious structures like Hindu candi temples and Islamic mosques blended styles, as did vernacular rumah adat houses of ethnic groups.
2. Notable examples include Candi Borobudur, a 9th century Mahayana Buddhist temple, and early Javanese mosques influenced by Hindu architecture. Distinct styles include Minangkabau rumah gadang houses and Batak Toba jabu houses.
3. Colonial architecture saw Dutch influence from the 16th century in styles like Neoclassical for churches. Post-independence modern architecture featured International Style skyscrapers. Traditional forms continue
Penghawaan Alami Terkait Sistem Ventilasi Terhadap Kenyamana Termal Bangunan ...Rahmawati Muslan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penghawaan alami terkait sistem ventilasi pada rumah susun industri dalam dan pengaruhnya terhadap kenyamanan termal. Dibahas pula faktor-faktor desain, sistem ventilasi, dan kenyamanan termal yang mempengaruhi kualitas udara di dalam bangunan."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang struktur cangkang. Struktur cangkang adalah bentuk struktural tiga dimensi yang kaku dan tipis dengan permukaan lengkung. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan pengertian, sifat, persyaratan struktur, klasifikasi berdasarkan bentuk geometri dan penyaluran beban pada struktur cangkang. Beberapa contoh struktur cangkang dijelaskan seperti Sydney Opera House, Teater Imax Keong Emas
Proyek rancangan museum kuliner Sunda di Bandung. Museum ini akan menampilkan sejarah dan proses pembuatan kuliner Sunda serta miniatur peralatan masak tradisional. Tema "Back to Nature" untuk mengenalkan kembali kuliner alami Sunda dan pelestariannya.
Penerapan Struktur Bentang Lebar Pada Bangunan Masjid di BengkuluRabiyatul Adawiyah
Abstrak.
Berdasarkan hadist terdapat kebutuhan dalam fungsi bangunan masjid untuk jamaahnya merapatkan shaf dan menghindari tiang ketika sholat. Ternyata dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, hal ini membawa kita kepada kemungkinan membangung masjid tanpa tiang. Tapi, adakah dalam hadist hal yang harus diperhatikan ketika membangun sebuah bangunan masjid? Makalah ini membahas kemungkinan dalam membangun masjid tanpa tiang dari sudut pandang islam dan arsitektur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat pedoman perancangan masjid bentang lebar dengan memperhatikan ketentuan daya tampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan dan mengolah data literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa pedoman peracangan sebuah masjid bentang lebar di Bengkulu.
Rumah profesi dokter ini memiliki luas tanah 208 m2 dan berfungsi sebagai rumah tinggal dan tempat praktek dokter. Rumah ini dihuni oleh keluarga dokter beserta anggota keluarga dan pembantu.
Penghawaan Alami Terkait Sistem Ventilasi Terhadap Kenyamana Termal Bangunan ...Rahmawati Muslan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penghawaan alami terkait sistem ventilasi pada rumah susun industri dalam dan pengaruhnya terhadap kenyamanan termal. Dibahas pula faktor-faktor desain, sistem ventilasi, dan kenyamanan termal yang mempengaruhi kualitas udara di dalam bangunan."
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang struktur cangkang. Struktur cangkang adalah bentuk struktural tiga dimensi yang kaku dan tipis dengan permukaan lengkung. Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan pengertian, sifat, persyaratan struktur, klasifikasi berdasarkan bentuk geometri dan penyaluran beban pada struktur cangkang. Beberapa contoh struktur cangkang dijelaskan seperti Sydney Opera House, Teater Imax Keong Emas
Proyek rancangan museum kuliner Sunda di Bandung. Museum ini akan menampilkan sejarah dan proses pembuatan kuliner Sunda serta miniatur peralatan masak tradisional. Tema "Back to Nature" untuk mengenalkan kembali kuliner alami Sunda dan pelestariannya.
Penerapan Struktur Bentang Lebar Pada Bangunan Masjid di BengkuluRabiyatul Adawiyah
Abstrak.
Berdasarkan hadist terdapat kebutuhan dalam fungsi bangunan masjid untuk jamaahnya merapatkan shaf dan menghindari tiang ketika sholat. Ternyata dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, hal ini membawa kita kepada kemungkinan membangung masjid tanpa tiang. Tapi, adakah dalam hadist hal yang harus diperhatikan ketika membangun sebuah bangunan masjid? Makalah ini membahas kemungkinan dalam membangun masjid tanpa tiang dari sudut pandang islam dan arsitektur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat pedoman perancangan masjid bentang lebar dengan memperhatikan ketentuan daya tampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan dan mengolah data literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa pedoman peracangan sebuah masjid bentang lebar di Bengkulu.
Rumah profesi dokter ini memiliki luas tanah 208 m2 dan berfungsi sebagai rumah tinggal dan tempat praktek dokter. Rumah ini dihuni oleh keluarga dokter beserta anggota keluarga dan pembantu.
ARSITEKTUR BENTUK, RUANG, DAN TATANAN Francis D.K. CHING EXPERIENCE ARCHITECT...Rabiyatul Adawiyah
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Masjid Al-Irsyad di Bandung dirancang mirip Ka'bah dengan memanfaatkan sinar matahari sebagai penerangan. Bangunan seluas 1.800 meter persegi ini menampilkan tiga warna utama dan memiliki konsep daya tembus cahaya yang baik.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas studi penurunan termal untuk penghawaan alami pada bangunan Masjid Untag dengan optimasi energi alam.
2. Dilakukan analisis orientasi bangunan, sistem ventilasi, rasio bukaan, dan elemen arsitektur seperti pelindung matahari untuk mencapai kenyamanan termal.
3. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orientasi bangunan dan sistem ventilasi sudah
The document discusses the Metabolism movement in architecture, which originated in Japan in the 1960s. It focused on the Nakagin Capsule Tower, designed by Kisho Kurokawa, as the first building to implement the movement's vision of modular, replaceable units. However, the tower struggled with maintenance issues that prevented the planned replacement of capsules. While influential, the tower now faces demolition threats due to accumulated problems and development pressures on the valuable land.
Konsep perancangan-rumah-tinggal-profesi-dokter-gigiayziffyrappe
Dokumen tersebut membahas perancangan rumah tinggal profesi dokter gigi dengan konsep hijau. Terdapat latar belakang, rumusan masalah, tujuan dan batasan proyek. Identifikasi masalah meliputi karakteristik rumah dokter gigi dan kebutuhan penghuninya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan konsep dasar dan proses perancangan rumah hijau yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien energi.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sertifikasi arsitek di Indonesia, termasuk undang-undang dan peraturan terkait, standar kompetensi arsitek, dan penjelasan mengenai berbagai kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang arsitek.
Arsitektur Kontekstual (Gino Feruci dan Ex Hotel Surabaya)Rahmawati Muslan
Arsitektur Kontekstual (Contextual Architecture)
Bangunan konservasi Hotel Surabaya merupakan bangunan peninggalan lama yang harus dilestarikan. Bangunan Hotel Gino Feruci di belakangnya adalah bangunan baru. Slide ini akan membahas bagaimana kontektual antara bangunan lama (Ex Hotel Surabaya) dan bangunan baru (Hotel Gino Feruci) yang berlokasi di Kota Bandung, Indonesia.
Mixed Use Building Salah satu faktor pembeda antara bangunan yang berada di pinggiran kota dan tengah kota adalah mixed use building. Seperti yang sudah disebutkan dalam definisi, Mixed Use Building adalah salah satu usaha menyatukan berbagai aktivitas dan fungsi yang berada di bagian area suatu kota ( luas area terbatas, harga tanah mahal, letak strategis, nilai ekonomi tinggi) sehingga terjadi satu struktur yang kompleks dimana semua kegunaan dan fasilitas saling berkaitan menjadi kerangka integrasi yang kuat
Azas Perancangan Arsitektur: 3 Contoh Bangunan TropisAlvin Karama
Tugas Kuliah Arsitektur
Mata Kuliah Azas Perancangan Arsitektur
File presentasi mengenai 3 Bangunan Tropis:1. The Cuixmala Luxury Resort - Meksiko; 2. The Fish House - Singapura; 3. Rumah Tradisional Suku Bugis - Indonesia
Karakteistik, analisis dan recomendasi tapakrangga1261
Dokumen tersebut membahas karakteristik, analisis, dan rekomendasi tapak koridor Gunung Raung dan Pasar Payuk. Koridor tersebut berfungsi sebagai jalur sirkulasi perdagangan dengan panjang 177,9 meter dan lebar 6 meter. Analisis menunjukkan sirkulasi kendaraan dan pejalan kaki perlu diperbaiki, sementara rekomendasi mencakup memperlebar trotoar, membuat terowongan, dan menata hijau untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan.
Bandara Internasional Kuala Lumpur terletak di Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Bandara ini dirancang oleh arsitek Jepang Kisho Kurokawa dan menggunakan konsep "simbiosis antara arsitektur dan hutan". Struktur atapnya menggunakan sistem hyperbolic paraboloid shell yang dirancang untuk menyerupai bentuk kubah Islam.
Dokumen tersebut membahas beberapa sistem struktur bangunan tinggi, yaitu:
1. Sistem tabung yang menggunakan struktur mirip tabung untuk menahan beban lateral.
2. Sistem gantung yang menggunakan kabel untuk menahan beban ke atas inti di bagian atas.
3. Sistem inti kaku yang menggunakan inti untuk memikul seluruh beban bangunan.
4. Sistem boks swasembada yang terdiri dari kapsul-kapsul
This document provides an overview of the diverse architectural styles found across Indonesia, which reflect the various cultural, geographic, and historical influences on different regions. Some key styles discussed include Hindu-Buddhist candi temples like Borobudur; mosques with multi-level roofs inspired by Hindu pagodas; and traditional vernacular houses such as Minangkabau rumah gadang with curved roofs, Batak Toba jabu houses on stilts, and Toraja tongkonan with peaked roofs. Religious, social, and environmental factors all helped shape the distinctive characteristics of Indonesia's rich architectural heritage.
ARSITEKTUR BENTUK, RUANG, DAN TATANAN Francis D.K. CHING EXPERIENCE ARCHITECT...Rabiyatul Adawiyah
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Masjid Al-Irsyad di Bandung dirancang mirip Ka'bah dengan memanfaatkan sinar matahari sebagai penerangan. Bangunan seluas 1.800 meter persegi ini menampilkan tiga warna utama dan memiliki konsep daya tembus cahaya yang baik.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas studi penurunan termal untuk penghawaan alami pada bangunan Masjid Untag dengan optimasi energi alam.
2. Dilakukan analisis orientasi bangunan, sistem ventilasi, rasio bukaan, dan elemen arsitektur seperti pelindung matahari untuk mencapai kenyamanan termal.
3. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa orientasi bangunan dan sistem ventilasi sudah
The document discusses the Metabolism movement in architecture, which originated in Japan in the 1960s. It focused on the Nakagin Capsule Tower, designed by Kisho Kurokawa, as the first building to implement the movement's vision of modular, replaceable units. However, the tower struggled with maintenance issues that prevented the planned replacement of capsules. While influential, the tower now faces demolition threats due to accumulated problems and development pressures on the valuable land.
Konsep perancangan-rumah-tinggal-profesi-dokter-gigiayziffyrappe
Dokumen tersebut membahas perancangan rumah tinggal profesi dokter gigi dengan konsep hijau. Terdapat latar belakang, rumusan masalah, tujuan dan batasan proyek. Identifikasi masalah meliputi karakteristik rumah dokter gigi dan kebutuhan penghuninya. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan konsep dasar dan proses perancangan rumah hijau yang ramah lingkungan dan efisien energi.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang sertifikasi arsitek di Indonesia, termasuk undang-undang dan peraturan terkait, standar kompetensi arsitek, dan penjelasan mengenai berbagai kompetensi yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang arsitek.
Arsitektur Kontekstual (Gino Feruci dan Ex Hotel Surabaya)Rahmawati Muslan
Arsitektur Kontekstual (Contextual Architecture)
Bangunan konservasi Hotel Surabaya merupakan bangunan peninggalan lama yang harus dilestarikan. Bangunan Hotel Gino Feruci di belakangnya adalah bangunan baru. Slide ini akan membahas bagaimana kontektual antara bangunan lama (Ex Hotel Surabaya) dan bangunan baru (Hotel Gino Feruci) yang berlokasi di Kota Bandung, Indonesia.
Mixed Use Building Salah satu faktor pembeda antara bangunan yang berada di pinggiran kota dan tengah kota adalah mixed use building. Seperti yang sudah disebutkan dalam definisi, Mixed Use Building adalah salah satu usaha menyatukan berbagai aktivitas dan fungsi yang berada di bagian area suatu kota ( luas area terbatas, harga tanah mahal, letak strategis, nilai ekonomi tinggi) sehingga terjadi satu struktur yang kompleks dimana semua kegunaan dan fasilitas saling berkaitan menjadi kerangka integrasi yang kuat
Azas Perancangan Arsitektur: 3 Contoh Bangunan TropisAlvin Karama
Tugas Kuliah Arsitektur
Mata Kuliah Azas Perancangan Arsitektur
File presentasi mengenai 3 Bangunan Tropis:1. The Cuixmala Luxury Resort - Meksiko; 2. The Fish House - Singapura; 3. Rumah Tradisional Suku Bugis - Indonesia
Karakteistik, analisis dan recomendasi tapakrangga1261
Dokumen tersebut membahas karakteristik, analisis, dan rekomendasi tapak koridor Gunung Raung dan Pasar Payuk. Koridor tersebut berfungsi sebagai jalur sirkulasi perdagangan dengan panjang 177,9 meter dan lebar 6 meter. Analisis menunjukkan sirkulasi kendaraan dan pejalan kaki perlu diperbaiki, sementara rekomendasi mencakup memperlebar trotoar, membuat terowongan, dan menata hijau untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan.
Bandara Internasional Kuala Lumpur terletak di Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Bandara ini dirancang oleh arsitek Jepang Kisho Kurokawa dan menggunakan konsep "simbiosis antara arsitektur dan hutan". Struktur atapnya menggunakan sistem hyperbolic paraboloid shell yang dirancang untuk menyerupai bentuk kubah Islam.
Dokumen tersebut membahas beberapa sistem struktur bangunan tinggi, yaitu:
1. Sistem tabung yang menggunakan struktur mirip tabung untuk menahan beban lateral.
2. Sistem gantung yang menggunakan kabel untuk menahan beban ke atas inti di bagian atas.
3. Sistem inti kaku yang menggunakan inti untuk memikul seluruh beban bangunan.
4. Sistem boks swasembada yang terdiri dari kapsul-kapsul
This document provides an overview of the diverse architectural styles found across Indonesia, which reflect the various cultural, geographic, and historical influences on different regions. Some key styles discussed include Hindu-Buddhist candi temples like Borobudur; mosques with multi-level roofs inspired by Hindu pagodas; and traditional vernacular houses such as Minangkabau rumah gadang with curved roofs, Batak Toba jabu houses on stilts, and Toraja tongkonan with peaked roofs. Religious, social, and environmental factors all helped shape the distinctive characteristics of Indonesia's rich architectural heritage.
ARCHITECTURE HISTORY OF MALAYSIA HOUSES Ali Alakhram
Traditional Malay houses are built on stilts using timber with joints held together by wooden wedges without nails. They have steep, overhanging roofs and are divided into areas for different activities. Houses typically have a main house and separate kitchen, and one or more verandas. Construction methods allow houses to be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Roof materials have changed from thatch to metal over time.
The document provides an overview of Indonesian architecture. It discusses the diverse influences on Indonesian architecture from various ethnic groups, religions, and foreign colonizers. Traditional Indonesian architecture is characterized by structures built on stilts to withstand tropical weather, with steeply pitched roofs and large overhanging eaves. Significant religious architecture includes Hindu-Buddhist candi from the 8th-10th centuries and mosques with distinct Indonesian interpretations beginning in the 15th century. Traditional vernacular architecture, known as rumah adat, varies significantly between ethnic groups and regions. Palace architecture is based on grand versions of local styles.
- The temple was built in 1634 in the village of Mengwi on the Indonesian island of Bali by the Mengwi kingdom and King I Gusti Agung Anom.
- It has a multi-layered roof in the Balinese architectural style and is surrounded by a beautiful landscaped garden and fish pond.
- The temple layout follows the Balinese mandala system with three zones - the outermost zone for dance performances, the middle zone for gatherings, and the innermost and most sacred zone resembling pagodas.
- ARISE ROBYInimatable houses around the globeArise Roby
The document describes several unique house styles from around the world, including an earth house built partially underground in Switzerland, a traditional African rondavel made of local materials like stones and thatch, and a distinctive Shell house located on Isla Mujeres in Mexico. It also mentions rumah gadang houses from Indonesia owned by women, odd Toda huts from India with small doors, and Korowai tree houses that some say the tribe still lives in despite being contacted. Earth-covered Icelandic farmhouses, crannogs built on artificial islands, and beehive mud houses from Turkey are other house styles covered.
The document provides an overview of Japanese landscaping techniques and design principles. It discusses the Chinese and Buddhist influences on Japanese garden design and covers various garden styles and elements. Specific examples covered include the dry landscape rock garden at Ryoanji Temple, known for its arrangement of 15 rocks, and the large strolling garden landscape at Katsura Imperial Palace featuring a 1.25 hectare lake with 16 bridges. Key elements of Japanese gardens discussed include stones, water features, trees, fences, and the symbolic use of plants and materials to represent nature.
Traditional Balinese architecture incorporates elements from neighboring cultures while maintaining an indigenous base. It follows the Tri Angga concept of dividing space into sacred, common, and service areas. A traditional Balinese house contains temples, sleeping areas, work spaces, and storerooms arranged according to these principles. The Kraton in Yogyakarta is the royal palace, with areas for ceremonies, royal residences, and training of officials laid out based on Balinese cosmological concepts. Asian art examples shown are the Hindu goddess Durga from India, the elephant-headed god Ganesha also from India, and the Chinese deity Guan Yu.
Rumah gadang is the traditional house of the Minangkabau people in West Sumatra. Its distinctive curved roof, carved wood motifs, and arrangement of rooms reflect Minangkabau culture and values. Every aspect of the house, from the buffalo horn-shaped finials to the front and back walls, carries symbolic significance related to Minangkabau beliefs and social structure. The house demonstrates how architecture can represent a people's way of life.
This document provides an overview of the vernacular architecture of Nagaland, located in northeast India. The climate and environment heavily influenced the development of Naga settlements, which are typically located on hill slopes between 500-1500 meters to avoid extreme temperatures. A typical Naga house has an elongated rectangular plan made of wood with a thatched roof, facing east. Decorative carvings of wildlife adorn the wooden fronts of houses. Local construction methods vary between tribes but commonly include buffalo head decorations at entrances.
This document provides details about a project to create a photo book capturing textures and patterns in 5 historical places in Penang, Malaysia under different Instagram filters. The places chosen are Chew Jetty, Armenian Street, Mahamariamman Temple, Town Hall, and Standard Charted Bank, representing the earliest settlement to modern financial center. Photos of these places will be presented in a journal-style coffee table book to convey the history, architecture, and social aspects of Penang to young readers. The focus is on how textures and patterns in buildings reflect the culture, traditions, lifestyles, and values of past societies.
This document provides information about the vernacular architecture of two villages - Allur village in India and Gharb Sohail village in Egypt. It discusses the location, climate, construction materials, and design features of houses in both villages. The houses are designed and constructed using local materials according to the climates. They utilize features like courtyards, ventilation openings, and light colors to reduce heat gain. Religious beliefs also influence the architecture. The layout and use of spaces within the houses reflect the lifestyle and culture of the villages.
The document compares and contrasts two traditional house styles: the Rumah Gadang of the Minangkabau people in Indonesia, and the Siheyuan house of Beijing, China. The Rumah Gadang is constructed mainly of wood and thatch, with interior rooms allocated based on family members' gender and status. In contrast, the Siheyuan house is constructed of sun-dried bricks and wood in a quadrangle layout, with interior rooms assigned according to occupants' importance and sunlight exposure. Both house styles use architecture and interior design to reflect the unique cultures and traditions of their respective ethnic communities.
The document provides an overview of Filipino architecture during the pre-Spanish colonial period. It describes various types of dwellings and houses used by different ethnic groups, including cave dwellings, lean-tos, tree houses, nipa huts, and various regional house styles among groups like the Apayao, Badjao, Bontoc, Ifugao, Ivatan, Kalinga, Kankanay, Sagada, Samal, Tausug, and Yakan. The houses were shaped by the local climate, geography, available building materials like bamboo, cogon grass, and trees, and served the needs for shelter, storage, and protection from weather and enemies.
The document provides details about the Druk White Lotus School in Ladakh, India. It discusses the school's design concept, which is based on the Buddhist concept of a mandala to honor the local culture. The school buildings are oriented and arranged to maximize passive solar heating and daylighting. Sustainable features include a gravity-fed water system, solar-assisted dry latrines, and an emphasis on local and renewable materials. The school aims to both preserve Ladakhi cultural traditions and equip students for the modern world.
Similar to 2.2 INDONESIA ARCHITECTURE edit 2023.pdf (20)
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ciri-ciri arsitektur tradisional Cina meliputi konsep-konsep kosmologis seperti Feng Shui dan Taoisme, prinsip-prinsip seperti podium, sistem atap, dinding, serta jenis-jenis bangunan seperti pagoda, pailou, istana, rumah, jambatan, dan Tembok Besar Cina.
Thai architecture is characterized by three main building types - Buddhist temples (wats), palaces, and houses. Wats consist of areas for Buddhist practice (Puttha Wat) and monk living quarters (Sanga Wat). Notable features include multi-tiered rooflines decorated with choofah finials, vivid interior murals, and ornate Buddha statues. Traditional Thai homes are built on stilts to avoid floods, with high ceilings for ventilation. Wats incorporate structures like chedis, viharns, libraries, and bells towers following Buddhist design principles. Overall, Thai architecture emphasizes intricate woodwork, vibrant colors, and spiritual symbolism.
This document provides an architectural timeline from prehistoric times to the present, outlining 14 major periods including Prehistoric (11,600 BC to 3,500 BC), Ancient Egypt (3,050 BC to 900 BC), Classical (850 BC to AD 476), Byzantine (527 to 565), Romanesque (800 to 1200), Gothic (1100 to 1450), Renaissance (1400 to 1600), Baroque (1600 to 1830), Rococo (1650 to 1790), Art Nouveau (1890 to 1914), Art Deco (1925 to 1937), Modernist Styles (1900 to present), Postmodernism (1972 to present), and Neo-Modernism and Parametricism (1997 to present). Examples
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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3. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia reflects the diversity
of cultural, historical and geographic.
Impact from Invaders, colonizers, missionaries,
merchants and traders.
the most significant foreign-Indian.
Others-Chinese, Arab, European
4. TYPE OF INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE
1) Religious Architecture – Candi ( Buddha &
Hindu) & Mosque ( Islam )
2) Traditional & Vernacular Architecture –
Rumah Adat
3) Colonial Architecture
4) Post-Independence Architecture
5. RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE
HINDU
- Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and
sanctuaries of Indonesia
- mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries.
- However, ancient non-religious structures such
as gates, urban ruins, and pool and bathing
places are often also called as "candi"
8. CANDI BOROBUDUR
HISTORY & GENERAL DATA
Types of architecture: stupa and candi
9th century Mahayana Buddhist Temple
Location: Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia
Client: Sailendra Dynasty
Architect: Gunadharma
Influence of Gupta architecture from India that
shows influence of Buddhism and Hinduism.
Becomes one of UNESCO world heritage site as
world Monument
14. CANDI BOROBUDUR
CHARACTERISTICS
Consists of six square platform on base
bottom topped by three circular platforms.
Decorated with 2672 relief panels
504 Buddha statues located in Bell shaped stupa
Have one main dome (stupa) at center of top
platform surrounded with 72 Buddha statues.
Buddhist pilgrim journey start from base and
follows a path around monument until top.
Use for Wesak celebration.
15. RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE
ISLAM
MASJID
- By the fifteenth century, Islam had become the
dominant religion in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia's two
most populous islands.
- At the time, Javanese mosques took many design cues
from Hindu, Buddhist, and even Chinese
architectural influences (e.g. "Grand Mosque" in
Yogyakarta).
-
17. MOSQUE IN INDONESIA
CHARACTERISTICS
Influence: Javanese interpretation and took Hindu
heritage of Meru stepped roofs
Features: tall timber, multi-level roofs (three tiered
pyramid roof) similar to
the pagodas of Balinese Hindu temples.
They lacked, for example, the Islamic dome which
did not appear in Indonesia until the 19th century
20. TRADITIONAL & VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
Known as RUMAH ADAT
Ethnic groups in Indonesia are often associated with
their own distinctive form of rumah adat.
The houses are at the centre of a web of customs,
social relations, traditional laws, taboos, myths and
religions that bind the villagers together.
Functions: centre of community, family activities,
social relations, traditional laws, taboos, myths and
religion.
Build by own self/ master builder.
Mostly built without using nails
21. EXAMPLES OF RUMAH ADAT
Rumah Aceh, Aceh
A traditional Batak Toba house (Rumah
Jabu), North Sumatra.
Karo house, North Sumatra
Rumah Minangkabau (Rumah Gadang),
West Sumatra
Bangkinang Malay house, Riau
Rumah Bubungan Tinggi, South Kalimantan
Bugis house, South Sulawesi
22. Sundanese Kampung house, West Java
Balinese pavilion, Bali
Mbaru Niang house, East Nusa Tenggara
23. TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSE
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS:
Timber construction
Hardwood for piles
Natural materials – timber, bamboo, thatch (coconut
palm) and fibre for make up
Wooden and bamboo wall
Longhouse
Build on stilts
to avoid flood, wild animals, allows breeze to moderate
the hot temperature, allow house to be built on rivers
and wetland, keeps from dampness, reduces risk of
termites
24. TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR HOUSE
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS:
Varied and elaborate roof structures
Steep sloping roof to allow the heavy rain to
quickly sheet off
Large overhang eaves – keep water out of
house and as sun shade
Heavy gable
Many opening for good cross ventilation
28. FACTORS INFLUENCING ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Geographical and climatic factor
Built on stilt – avoid flood, wild animals, allows breeze to
moderate the hot temperature, allow house to be built on
rivers and wetland
Wall surface facing East and West reduced to prevent direct
sunlight penetration.
Kerrawang as passive design approach to capture natural
ventilation.
Cross ventilation for thermal comfort.
Eave overhang as a sun shading device.
Vernacular roof to provide shades
Natural material – timber, bamboo and palm
29. FACTORS INFLUENCING ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Religious factor.
Orientation of house set by religious people
Isolation between men and women area.
Building facing east-west or north-south orientation
Verandah and porch align on East-West orientation
Social and Cultural factor.
Interior space emphasizes an open-plan concept to allow for
family meeting or public event.
One room for privacy
No fences built around house but they create sense of
boundary by trees, shrubs or flower.
32. MINANGKABAU
(also known as Minang) is indigenous to the highlands
of West Sumatra, Indonesia.
Culture: matrilineal (pepatih), with property and land
passing down from mother to daughter, while religious
and political affairs are the responsibility of men
Population: 8 million
The Minangkabau are strongly Islamic, but also follow
their ethnic traditions, or adat.
Well-known architecture: Rumah Gadang
33. MINANGKABAU – RUMAH GADANG
CHARACTERISTICS
Definition:
Also known as rumah gadang (Big house)
Rumah adat of Minangkabau people
Minangkabau means ‘testing the strength of buffalo’
Function: residence, hall for family meeting, ceremonial
activities.
34. MINANGKABAU HOUSE
CHARACTERISTICS
Building Layout:
Long house
Rectangular in plan
Open planning
Roof form:
Spire and curved roof structure
multiple gables with dramatically upsweeping ridge ends.
Hornlike roof finial called Gonjong
Ornamentation:
Wall and gable carved with minangkabau ornamentation
Floras motifs/ arabesque (influence by Islamic pattern)
35. RUMAH GADANG IN THE PANDAI SIKEK VILLAGE OF WEST
SUMATRA, WITH TWO RICE BARNS (RANGKIANG) IN FRONT
46. BATAK TOBA
Indonesian ethnic in the region of North Sumatra
Speak batak language and centered around lake toba
and Samosir island
Population: 6 million
Religion: Christian, Islam, traditional religion
(parmalim)
Known for Cannibalism ritual
Batak architecture renowned for their Jabu house
48. Boat-shaped
Carved gable
Upsweeping roof ridge
Column rest on flat stone/ concrete
Access by trap door underneath the floor, nowaday use ladder
in front door
Open platform beneath roof used as working place, storage and
sleeping place for unmarried man
Use as bale (meeting hall), rumah (house) and sopo (rice barn)
The front gable extends further than the rear gable and is finely
carved and painted with motifs of suns, starts, cockerels, and
geometric motifs in red, white, and black
JABU – BATAK’S RUMAH ADAT
53. TORAJA
Population: 650,000 live in regency of Tana Toraja - Land of
Toraja
Religion: Protestant; 65%, Catholic; 17%, Islam; 6%, Torajan
Hindu (Aluk To Dolo- way of ancestors); 6%
renowned for massive peaked-roof traditional houses known as
Tongkonan and colourful wood carving.
Ethnic groups indigenous in
regions of West and South
Sulawesi
Word Toraja comes from Bugis
language, riaja means “people
of the uplands”
55. TONGKONAN
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
Tongkonan derived from word tongkon
means ‘to sit’ or ‘place to sit’
Boat-shaped – base on Torajan myth
Oversized saddleback roof (pitch)
Upsweeping gable
Few windows (dark and cramp interior)
Capacity : 10 peoples
56. TONGKONAN
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
No nails, only use tongue and groove joint
Houses are arranged in a row side by side, usually
for different purposes; sleeping, meeting or storage
Roof facing north south alignment, front gable face
north
Space under floor (Kolong) used for buffalo den
Front façade decorated with buffalo horns which
indicate the degree level/ sosial rank of the family.
67. BANJAR
Banjarese (urang Banjar) are coastal, native ethnic group live in
Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin, South kalimantan.
Sub ethnic: 3 division based on locations; Malay, Dayak and
Javanese.
Religion : Islam
Population : 5.4 million
Language : Banjar language (basically the Malay language
brought from Sumatra)
Well known architecture: Rumah Bubungan tinggi
68. BUBUNGAN TINGGI
CHARACTERISTICS
i. Building layout-
-main building in middle.
-Anjung, right side (Anjung kanan),
-left side (Anjung kiri)
ii. Roof Form
-steep roof (45 degrees)
-tapered roof –bubungan tinggi (lancip)
-Front roof is Sindang langit,
-rear roof is Hambin Awan
iii. Ornamentation
- pillar, railing, carving on kerrawang
- Islamic pattern ( strictly no animal and human icon)
77. 3. Colonial Architecture in Indonesia
❑Formerly known as the Dutch East Indies, Indonesia
retains much of its colonial architecture.
❑ Dutch first arrived, they favoured masonry and brick for
building houses. The tried to bring craftsmanship from
their home country to Indonesia, building canals with row
houses.
❑ Slowly neoclassical and neo-gothic influence began to
seep into architecture, with the inclusion of columns and
verandahs.
❑ This was most prominent in the Catholic churches in
Java and its provinces. The Blenduk Church in
Semarang and the Jakarta cathedral are fine examples
of this style.
79. 4. Post-Independence Architecture in Indonesia
❑ From the 1970s onward the International Style began toemerge in
Indonesia, characterized by skyscrapers made of glass, steel and
concrete.
❑ From the 1970s onward the International Style began to
emerge in Indonesia, characterized by skyscrapers made
of glass, steel and concrete.
❑ The architecture of Indonesia, with its churches,
mosques, and temples, mirrors its cultural evolution.
80.
81. REFERENCES
SOURCE:
DAWSON, B., GILLOW, J., THE TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF INDONESIA,
1994 THAMES AND HUDSON LTD, LONDON, ISBN 0-500-34132-X
HELMI, RIO; WALKER, BARBARA (1995). BALI STYLE. LONDON: TIMES
EDITIONS PTE LTD. ISBN 0-500-23714-X.
SCHOPPERT, P., DAMAIS, S., JAVA STYLE, 1997, DIDIER MILLET, PARIS,
207 PAGES, ISBN 962-593-232-1