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![1. Generational differences
Berk, R. A. (2009). Teaching strategies for the net generation. Transformative Dialogues:
Teaching & Learning Journal, 3(2), 1-23. Retrieved from:
http://www.ronberk.com/articles/2009_strategies.pdf
Reeves, T. C., & Oh, E. J. (2008). Do generational differences matter in instructional design.
In Instructional Technology Forum. Retrieved from:
http://itforum.coe.uga.edu/AECT_ITF_PDFS/paper104.pdf
Consider for example the figure 1 on page 3 which summarizes the generational labels and
dates reported in different sources.
Robinson, K. (2010). Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution![Video file].
http://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_revolution.html](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nsfnewstudents-141107144951-conversion-gate02/75/21st-century-students-12-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byMaria Soledad Bernardi
21st century students
The document discusses generational differences and characteristics of millennial students. It explores various theories on defining generations and the traits commonly assigned to millennials such as being tech-savvy, creative multitaskers. However, some studies question overly broad characterizations of millennials and suggest they may overlook less desirable traits like increased rates of depression. The purpose is to understand how to best educate the new generation of students by identifying their defining attributes and emerging cultural trends that could impact future education models.
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21st century students
- 3. 1. Generational differences The topic of generational differences has been the subject of much debate. The authors don´t seem to agree on the labels that should be used or the span of years to be assigned to each generation (Reeves & Oh, 2008). However, many authors such as Berk (2009) acknowledge that “…there is legitimacy to suggesting a set of characteristics and cultural trends derived from sound scientific research that can guide future teaching practices...” (p.2) Therefore, our challenge is to identify what characterizes our new generation of students and which emerging cultural trends are prone to make an impact in the future of education. Being able to identify our generational standing point and what we take for granted is also vital if we are to innovate education for, as Sir Ken Robinson stated, “the great problem of transformation is the tyranny of common sense”.
- 4. 1.1 What isa generation? According to Howe & Strauss (2000), a generation is defined as the aggregate of all people born over a span of roughly twenty years that share three criteria in common: Historical context they encounter key historical events and social trends while occupying the same phase of life • Similar behaviors including basic attitudes about risk taking, culture and values, civic engagement, family life • Membership a sense of common perceived membership in that generation Therefore, it can be concluded that generations are shaped much more by history than by chronological dates.
- 5. In their seminalbook, Generations, Howe & Strauss (1992) have identified a recurring generational cycle in American history. They have found a sequence of four generational archetypes—which they call Prophet, Nomad, Hero, and Artist. Their 1997 book, The four turnings, expands on the theory, focusing on a fourfold cycle of generational types and recurring mood eras in American history known as high, awakening, unraveling and crisis. This generational theory is mainly related to American history and even though many episodes are referred to as having a very direct effect in the rest of the world, there are some instances where the model cannot be applied as it is (Hole et al. 2010). For more information on this generational theory check the LifeCourse Associates website http://www.lifecourse.com/about/method/insight-overview.html and the authors’ 2007 article, The next 20 years. A brief generational comparison is also provided on the following page.
- 6. Other Names MainEvents Main Traits Personalities GI Generation 1902-1924 88+ World War I Women suffrage Formality Uniformity Cooperative Public interest over self John Kennedy Ronald Reagan Walt Disney Willy Brandt Leonid Brezhnev Silent 1925-1942 70-87 Traditionalists Matures Veterans World War II Great Depression Respect for authority Loyalty Hard-work Woody Allen Martin Luther King Jr. Elvis Presley Anne Frank Baby Boomer 1943-1960 52-69 Boom Generation Civil Rights Women´s liberation Cold war TV Explore Optimistic Work-centric Bill Clinton Steve Jobs Robin Williams Tony Blair
- 7. Other Names MainEvents Main Traits Personalities Gen X 1961-1981 31-51 13 Generation Generation Xers Generation X Gen-Xers Vietnam Watergate Individualistic Flexible Skeptical of authority Barack Obama Sarah Palin Tom Cruise Michael Jordan Princess Di Millennial 1982-2004 8-30 Generation Y Echo Boomer NetGen Generation Next Aids Technology Tech-savvy Family-centric Realistic Mark Zuckerberg LeBron James Miley Cyrus Prince William Justin Bieber Homelander 2005- 7 or less Post Millennial Generation Z 9-11 Iraq and Afghanistan Wars Market Crash Mistrust in political system Always connected Multitaskers
- 8. 1. 2 Millenials Berk (2009) lists ten different names given to the millennial generation and gives their rationales. Although the different terms have been coined for specific reasons, we will treat them as synonyms.
- 9. 1. 2. 1Millenials Characterized The net generation can be described as follows: Smart • Experiential • Practical • Pressured and achieving • Personalization customization of content Networked • Team-oriented • Collaboration • Embrace diversity • Emotionally open • Feedback dependent Creative • Confident • Open-minded • Innovative • Flexible •Adaptable Wired • Multitaskers • Gamers • Digital natives • Tech Savvy • Need for speed and instant gratification What are the preconceptions based on these characteristics? For example: • gamers: everything is boring unless it is gamified. • multitaskers: very short attention span, can´t concentrate
- 10. 1 1. 2.1 Millenials Questioned Some authors such as DiLullo (2011) state that Millennials have not been properly characterized. This author argues that the characteristics presented previously are mostly opinions based on observation and surveys rather than on evidence-based analysis. Others like Twenge (2006) provide less positive traits to characterize the Net Generation. She mentions depression, loneliness and isolation, stress on college, career and economics, growth of externality, less likelihood to believing in moral absolutes and taking sex lightly. By the way, how Millennial are you? Take the quiz and find out! http://www.pewresearch.org/quiz/how-millennial-are-you/
- 11. 2. Conclusion Thepurpose of this module has been to reflect on: • what characterizes our new generation of students • which emerging cultural trends are prone to make an impact in the future of education. • identifying our generational standing point Take some time to reflect on this topic and write your conclusions.
- 12. 1. Generational differences Berk, R. A. (2009). Teaching strategies for the net generation. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal, 3(2), 1-23. Retrieved from: http://www.ronberk.com/articles/2009_strategies.pdf Reeves, T. C., & Oh, E. J. (2008). Do generational differences matter in instructional design. In Instructional Technology Forum. Retrieved from: http://itforum.coe.uga.edu/AECT_ITF_PDFS/paper104.pdf Consider for example the figure 1 on page 3 which summarizes the generational labels and dates reported in different sources. Robinson, K. (2010). Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution![Video file]. http://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_revolution.html
- 13. 1.1 What isa generation? Hole, D., Zhong, L., & Schwartz, J. (2010). Talking about whose generation? Why Western generational models can't account for a global workforce. Deloitte Review, 6, 84-97. http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_US/us/Services/additional-services/talent-human-capital-hr/ 5d6e2bb18ef26210VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm Consider the figure 1 on page 88 which gives a global generation overview. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (1992). Generations: The history of America's future, 1584 to 2069. HarperCollins. Strauss, W. (1997). The fourth turning. Random House Digital, Inc.. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). The next 20 years. Harvard Business Review,85, 41-52. Retrieved from: http://www.saeculumresearch.com/assets/client-assets/files/selected-pubs/HBR-Next-20- Years.pdf Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2009). Millennials rising: The next great generation. Random House Digital, Inc.
- 14. 1.1 What isa generation? Brief generational comparison Reeves, T. C., & Oh, E. (2007). Generational differences. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 295-303. Retrieved from: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Alhassan/Hand%20book%20on%20research%20in%20educational%20 communication/ER5849x_C025.fm.pdf http://thedoorcf.org/uploads/GenerationalCharacteristics.pdf http://www.lifecourse.com/about/method/the-generational-constellation.html
- 15. 1.2 Millennials Berk,R. A. (2009). Teaching strategies for the net generation. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal, 3(2), 1-23. Retrieved from: http://www.ronberk.com/articles/2009_strategies.pdf
- 16. 1. 2. 1Millenials Characterized Sweeney, R. (2006). Millennial behaviors and demographics. Retrieved from: http://certi.mst.edu/media/administrative/certi/documents/Article-Millennial-Behaviors.pdf Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). Millennials go to college. Great Falls, VA: LifeCourse Associates. An executive summary can be retrieved from: http://eubie.com/millennials.pdf Tapscott, D. (2009). Grown up digital (Vol. 361). New York: McGraw-Hill. An executive summary can be retrieved from: http://media.economist.com/media/pdf/grown-up- digital-tapscott-e.pdf Berk, R. A. (2009). Teaching strategies for the net generation. Transformative Dialogues: Teaching & Learning Journal, 3(2), 1-23. Retrieved from: http://www.ronberk.com/articles/2009_strategies.pdf
- 17. 1.2 Millennials questioned DiLullo, C., McGee, P., Kriebel, R.M. 2011. Demystifying the Millennial Student: A Reassessment in Measures of Character and Engagement in Professional Education http://oai.wsu.edu/Teaching_Resources/teaching_millennial_students/DiLullo-2011- Millennial-student.pdf Twenge, Jean M. Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled--and more miserable than ever before. Simon and Schuster, 2006. Abstract http://ttosspon.wikispaces.com/file/view/REview_GenerationMe.pdf/231400618/REview_G enerationMe.pdf