This presentation looks at how better to align education with jobs of today and tomorrow.

1. 2019 and Beyond Career
Management- Outlook on
Jobs
By: Paul Young, CPA, CGA
Date: April 12, 2019

2. Paul Young - Bio
• CPA, CGA
• Academia (PF1, FA4 and MS2)
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Supply Chain Management
Contact information:
Paul_Young_CGA@Hotmail.com

3. Overview
 This presentation will discuss careers in demand for 2019 and
beyond.
 Manpower predicts strong hiring through 2019 -
http://blog.careerbeacon.com/canadian-employers-say-this-
spring-will-be-a-great-time-for-finding-a-new-job/
 All level government need to do a better job aligning education
with current and future jobs
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-policies-
education-skills-development-canada-november-2017
 The presentation will also look at risk factors to economies, i.e.
taxation, government spending, consumer demand and
business investment.

4. Agenda
 GDP/Outlook
 Middle Class / Video
 Job Vacancies
 December 2017/Employment
 Top Careers for 2017/United States
 Top Careers for 2017/Canada
 Canada 2016 Labor Market Statistics
 United States 2016 Labor Market Statistics
 Entry positions
 Middle class
 Immigration
 Refugees
 Grads and Open Positions
 Graduates / Post-Secondary
 Ontario / Post Secondary Funding

5. Global Forecast
Source:
http://www.gbm.scotiabank.com/English/bns_econ/forecast.pdf
Risks
• Slow world wide
economic growth
• New USA government
that is focus on
reducing taxes and
regulations
• Climate change policies
(i.e. carbon
taxation/emissions)
• Lagging productivity
• Global Protectionism
Trade Policies
• Immigration/Refugee
policies
• Fewer IPOs

6. Middle class

7. Middle Class Blog
 The top 1% pay 20% of the income tax. We need to stop thinking this is about taxing rich more because it is not! =
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/wealthiest-income-analysis-and-commentary-canada-2017 or
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/middle-class-and-justin-trudeau
 Nowhere does this article ever deal with cost and size of govt. It is time to re-look at how services are delivery including
the costing model. https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/funding-and-economic-issues-ontario or
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/value-for-money-and-comprehensive-auditing-all-you-need-to-know
 http://www.cfo.com/the-economy/2019/04/governments-must-act-to-ease-middle-class-
squeeze/?utm_campaign=CFODailyAlert&utm_nooverride=1&utm_source=CFO-
email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=CFODailyAlert_Thursday_2019-4-11&utm_term=the-economy

8. Technology Jobs
Source - https://www.cio.com/article/3235944/hiring-and-staffing/hiring-the-most-in-demand-tech-jobs-for-
2018.html

9. Job Vacancies / Canada
 Source - https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/190109/dq190109a-eng.htm
The minimum level of education sought for
nearly two-thirds (63.3%) of job vacancies
reported in the third quarter was a high school
diploma or less, compared with 11.7% for which
a bachelor's degree or higher was required.
There were, however, important variations
across occupational groups. Over three-quarters
of job vacancies for therapy and assessment
professionals; civil, mechanical, electrical and
chemical engineers; and social and community
service professionals required a bachelor's
degree or higher. This contrasts with cashiers;
labourers in processing, manufacturing and
utilities; and occupations in food and beverage
service for which a high school diploma or less
was required for nearly all job vacancies. The
proportion of vacancies requiring a bachelor's
degree or higher has ranged from 10.5% to
12.9% since the beginning of the series in 2015.

10. Employment (CPC vs LPC)
Source –Stats Canada

11. Liberals / Middle Class
Source - https://www.liberal.ca/trudeau-unveils-liberal-platform-for-a-strong-middle-class/
“Stephen Harper wants us
to think that if it weren’t for
him, our economy would
fall apart. But Canada’s
economy doesn’t depend
on him. It depends on
Canadians. It depends on
the people I meet all
across this country, every
single day,” said Mr.
Trudeau. “People want
economic growth, good
jobs, and more money in
their pockets. They want to
see their voices and values
represented in Ottawa.
Canadians want a better
government, not just a
different one. It’s time for
real change, and that is
exactly what the Liberal
Liberal 2015 GDP by PM
Wage Growth by Year

12. Top Careers for 2017/United
States
Occupational
Category
2012 Jobs 2016
Jobs
2012 – 2016
Job Increase
Hourly Wages Types of Jobs
Information
Technology
,926,758 4,398,862 472,104
12%
$40.82 or
$79.600/annum
• Data Scientist
• User Interface /
Front End Developer
• Product Manager
• Mobile Software
Engineer
• Information Security
Manager
Source: -
http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=12%2f2%2f2016&siteid=cbpr&sc_cmp1=cb_
pr979_&id=pr979&ed=12%2f31%2f2016

13. Top Careers for 2017/United
States
Occupational
Category
2012 Jobs 2016
Jobs
2012 – 2016
Job Increase
Hourly Wages Types of Jobs
Financial/Operation
al Analyst
7,358,038 7,938,303 585,265 (8%
Growth)
$35.09 or
$68,400/annu
m
• Operations
Manager
• Business Process
Analyst
• Product
Development
Specialist
• Financial Analyst
• Office Manager
Source: -
http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=12%2f2%2f2016&siteid=cbpr&sc_cmp1=cb_
pr979_&id=pr979&ed=12%2f31%2f2016

14. Top Careers for 2017/United
States
Occupational
Category
2012 Jobs 2016
Jobs
2012 – 2016
Job Increase
Hourly Wages Types of Jobs
Health Care 8,035,052 8,641,939 606,887
8%
$37.77 or
$$73.600/annum
• Family Practitioner
• Medical Director
• ICU Nurse
• Cardiologist
• Physical Therapist
• Rehabilitation Nurse
Source: -
http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=12%2f2%2f2016&siteid=cbpr&sc_cmp1=cb_
pr979_&id=pr979&ed=12%2f31%2f2016

15. Top Careers for 2017/United
States
Occupational
Category
2012 Jobs 2016
Jobs
2012 – 2016
Job Increase
Hourly Wages Types of Jobs
Skill Trades 12,049,958 13,067,497 1,017,539 (8%) $21.38 or
$41,600/Annum,
• Electrician
• Plumber
• HVAC Technician
Source: -
http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=12%2f2%2f2016&siteid=cbpr&sc_cmp1=cb_
pr979_&id=pr979&ed=12%2f31%2f2016

16. 2018 Jobs / Careers
Source - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-24/health-care-stem-jobs-among-fastest-
growing-u-s-occupations

17. Top Careers / Canada
Source - http://globalnews.ca/news/2944692/the-top-eight-careers-of-the-
future-in-canada/ or https://www.trade-schools.net/ca/articles/careers-in-
demand.asp
Risks
• Healthcare funding –
Provinces are
strapped for cash
• Education funding –
declining enrolment
• Residential/non-
residential
investment has been
sluggish
1. Registered Nurse
2. Truck Driver
3. College or Vocational Instructor
4. Business Management Consultant
5. Welder
6. Licensed Practical Nurse
7. Occupational or Physiotherapy Assistant
8. Software Engineer or Designer
9. Aerospace Engineer
10. Industrial Electrician
11. Aircraft Pilot
12. Pharmacist
13. Psychologist
14. Steamfitter or Pipefitter
15. Construction Estimator
16. Veterinary Technician or Assistant
17. Dispensing Optician

18. Top Careers in Canada for 2019
Source - https://www.msn.com/en-ca/money/careersandeducation/the-20-highest-paying-in-demand-jobs-in-canada-for-2019/ss-
BBUoDW9?ocid=spartanntp
Ranking Career Salary
1 Register Nurse $38,500 to $120,000
2 Software Engineer $48,000 to $153,000
3 Account Manager $57,000 to $101,000
4 University Professor $29,000 to $215,000
5 Anesthesiologist $109,000 to $580,000
6 CPA $42,000 to 103,000
7 Business Analyst $27,000 to $134,000
8 Engineering Project
Manager
$58,000 to $122,000
9 IT Project Manager $53,500 to $170,000
10 Aerospace $49,000 to $110,000
11 Sales Rep $31,700 to $74,000
Ranking Career Salary
13 Register Nurse $38,500 to $120,000
14 Industrial Electrician $48,750 to $81,500
15 Welder $53,500 to $91,500
16 Airline Pilot $40,200 to $150,000
17 Optician $38.500 to $75,500
18 Pharmacist $44,600 to $144,700
19 Recruiter $20,000 to $214,000
20 Clinical Psychologist $64,500 to $160,000
21 Construction Estimator $21,000 to $152,000
22 Veterinarian $28,000 to $175,000

19. AI and Jobs
Source - https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/04/bcg-predicts-23-of-finance-jobs-could-be-lost-to-ai-by-
2027.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29

20. Blog – Employment – Entry-Level
 Did the Liberals not run on jobs for all? https://www.liberal.ca/realchange/opportunities-for-young-canadians/
 “After ten years under Stephen Harper, good-quality job opportunities for young Canadians are tougher nd tougher to find. Faced
with high unemployment and underemployment, many young people have stopped looking for work altogether.
 This is hard for both young people and their families. Many parents are seeing their household debt rise and retirement savings
dwindle as they struggle to support their grown children, who often return home. It is time to invest in young Canadians – to help
them get the work experience they will need to start their careers and contribute fully to our economy.
 Yet in 2016 the job quality index hit the worst level in decades. So, much for sunny ways and jobs, right?
Issues with entry level jobs: -
 https://globalnews.ca/news/3914000/university-graduates-entry-level-jobs-canada/ “In 2016, around one in two entry-level jobs did
not require a minimum level of education (87,500 vacancies). A quarter of those gigs (48,400 vacancies) required a high school
diploma and one in five (18,300 vacancies) required a college diploma. Only 14,000 entry-level jobs required a university degree. For
comparison, over 250,000 Canadians graduated from university in 2010. - https://globalnews.ca/news/3914000/university-graduates-
entry-level-jobs-canada/?utm_source=%40globalnews&utm_medium=Twitter
 Goods producing sector continue to lag other sectors in terms of job growth - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/wages-and-
employment-canada-policy-analysis - Goods producing sector would lead to engineering, quality control inspectors, supply chain
management, inventory control, etc.
 Retail/wholesale sector lead a good chunk of the growth. Warehousing is going through automation -
https://www.xconomy.com/boston/2017/11/20/locus-robotics-gets-25m-to-help-warehouse-owners-compete-with-amazon/
 Job Quality Index - http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/wages-cibc-job-quality-1.3872389 “The quality of employment in Canada is
falling, according to a report from CIBC, with more low-paid jobs and those earning less than the average wage falling further behind.
Both young people and Canadians over 55 are stuck in the low-wage job sector, primarily in-service jobs. But even among workers
aged 25 to 54, 53 per cent had jobs that paid between 50 and 100 per cent of the average wage.
 http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/12/03/stingy-canadian-employers-face-workforce-crisis-in-2018-report_a_23295535/ “Canada's
employers face a potential "workforce crisis" next year, as employees take advantage of a strong job market to leave their jobs in
search of better pay and work conditions, a new report says. And it's due to employers' own reluctance to improve wages and hire
permanent workers, according to the report from recruitment agency Hays Canada.

21. Blog #1 – Middle Class
 http://www.torontosun.com/2017/10/11/canucks-believe-middle-class-dream-replaced-by-nightmare-poll
 Yet Trudeau said the article is wrong? https://globalnews.ca/news/3769136/taxes-middle-class-liberals/ I hate to tell PM Selfie that Trudeau
is wrong. You cannot eliminate tax credits, income tax splitting, etc. and then expect taxes will go down, because they do not!
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/did-the-middle-class-cut-truly-help-canadians . FYI - The child tax benefit did not reduce poverty
by 400,000.
 Trudeau so called middle class tax cut did not work - https://globalnews.ca/news/3769136/taxes-middle-class-liberals/. This is before
carbon tax is implemented across Canada 2019. The carbon tax will hurt low to middle class more than the wealthy.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/australian-carbon-tax-opponent-chris-berg-saskatchewan-1.3884765
 Yet the PBO office said CPC cuts help low to middle class Canadians. Trudeau again got it wrong about Harper and his policies!!!!
https://globalnews.ca/news/1356467/tax-cuts-since-2005-net-canadians-30b-pbo/.
 Wage growth - How about the fact your government has lost 75,000 mfg jobs? http://business.financialpost.com/opinion/75000-
manufacturing-jobs-lost-thats-the-price-of-ontarios-electricity-disaster How come incomes have grown only 3.8% for 10 years?
http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/statistics-canada-census-2016-income-hightlights-1.4287179
 In 2014 is when Canada had the best middle class in the world - https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-
stories/canadas-middle-class-now-worlds-richest-study-suggests/article18090490/?ref=http://www.theglobeandmail.com&
 People complain about corporations and yet they contribute to wealth distribution –
 Harper did not just focus on tax cuts including corporate tax, but also set up innovation funds and sign trade deals to expand exports.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/wealth-distribution-canada-corporate-tax-july-2017. Trudeau was elected and said he will focus
on clean technology, right? https://www.liberal.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/A-new-plan-for-Canadas-environment-and-economy.pdf The
problem is clean technology companies are not making money, right? http://www.bnn.ca/awash-in-red-ink-canadian-clean-tech-struggling-
despite-ottawa-s-green-goals-1.729679
 Harper created many innovation funds, sign trade agreements, expanded ports like Montreal, Prince Rupert, etc. Harper was all about
getting goods to market. More could have been done, but pipelines as well as lack of priorities by governments including Ontario on natural
resource development set Harper back - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/merchandise-trade-canada-july-2017
 Liberals love to fabricate the facts - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/liberal-party-of-canada-election-promises-september-2017.
FYI the middle class tax cut was supposed to be revenue neutral and it was not - http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/12/07/liberals-middle-
class-tax-cut-rich_n_8740118.html

22. Blog – Career Management
 https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/warren-trudeau-
needs-to-act-on-illegal-immigration-so-we-can-attract-best-
and-brightest
 “Canada desperately needs new immigrants. Our aging
population and a declining birth rate — require us to be bold
in attracting quality new Canadians.”

 The article is leaving out many factors like slow GDP growth
rate, college graduates, labour reforms, trade agreements,
etc.

23. Immigration
Source - http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/immigration-canada-2018-1.4371146 or http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&id=2850001 or https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/151130/dq151130d-eng.htm

24. Refugees Cost
 Canada is forecasted to receiving 40,000 refugees through the illegal border crossing into Canada. The
cost of to house, feed, cloth, medical, etc. will be between $600M to $1B.
https://openparliament.ca/debates/2017/9/26/michelle-rempel-2/. The response from the government has
been at best lukewarm. Here is what the immigration minister said “The member opposite must know that
asylum claims fluctuate on a yearly basis and sometimes even monthly. The fact of the matter is that our
agencies were nimble enough. We were able to put full capacity within IRCC to process claims.
 Yet the government thinks closing the borders is not priority, but taxing small business is in terms of
policies is top priority, right? https://ipolitics.ca/2017/09/28/morneaus-tax-plan-should-have-been-political-
gold-what-happened/

25. Immigration Minister
Hussen – June 2018
Source - https://www.cicnews.com/2018/05/growing-canadas-future-economy-an-impossibility-without-immigration-
0510696.html#gs.2CwRc3w
When it comes to the future of
immigration to Canada, it’s no
longer a question of “why
immigration” but “how much,” says
federal Immigration Minister,
Ahmed Hussen.
“That’s where the debate is now,”
he told his audience at the 2018
Canadian Immigration Summit in
Ottawa.
“Without immigration, our ability to
grow our economy would become
an impossibility,” Hussen said,
referencing a recent report by the
Conference Board of Canada.
• No mention on how the carbon tax will
shrink $10B off GDP by 2022 -
https://ipolitics.ca/2018/04/23/pbo-
says-carbon-tax-will-knock-10-billion-
off-gdp-by-2022/
• No mentioned that govt regulations,
taxation, etc are leading to exodus of
investment -
http://business.financialpost.com/opini
on/philip-cross-canadas-losing-jobs-
when-we-should-be-booming-
economically-guess-why
• Uncertainty with trade deals (i.e. rise
of protectionism -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungc
ga/is-the-world-heading-to-more-
protectionism-june-2018
• No mentioned that 80% of the middle
class is paying more taxation under
the Liberals -
https://globalnews.ca/news/3769136/ta
xes-middle-class-liberals/
• No mention that Canada graduates
500,000 new grads a year. So, why
are we not taking care of our own first?
• Canada is also less competitive today
than it was back in 2015 -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungc
ga/cost-competitiveness-canada-april-
2018

26. Graduation Rates / Canada
Source – Canada
• Education needs to be aligned with jobs of today and the future, i.e. technology, skill trades, healthcare, etc. -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/technology-market-canada-and-the-world-march-2019
• Canada needs to be more competitive in terms of attracting FDI. Govt needs to stop focusing on job killing regulations
(C69) and taxes (hikes to CPP and new taxes like carbon taxation- https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/business-
competitivesness-canada-march-2019
• Canada’s various government policies need to support innovation. New business tax reforms should be reversed -
https://globalnews.ca/news/3741638/canadian-tech-ottawa-trudeau-small-business-taxes/
• Canada has started to see more of a brain drain - https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/technology/article-canada-
facing-brain-drain-as-young-tech-talent-leaves-for-silicon/

27. Ontario – Post Secondary Funding
Source - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-colleges-university-performance-funding-budget-
1.5094751?fbclid=IwAR2NxZDsOVfdrjS-iKDYoY2ixnFRpBow___JNdS1RLnitxJcOPRXdbhM8Rs
• Education has to better aligned with jobs. The schools need to revamp their programs based on the
needs of the economy
• Ontario has chance to re-invent itself including focusing on more incubation centers via its post-
secondary institution.
• Degree is not worth its paper if there are no jobs and/or limited jobs
• Elementary and Secondary education needs to start emphasizing more the sciences, technology,
math, etc courses
• Ontario needs to focus on becoming more competitive, i.e. lower hydro rates, lower taxes, reduction of
regulations, etc - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/ontario-fiscal-and-economic-cliff

28. Summary
 People need to focus on treating their education like an investment, i.e. ROI
 People need to start treating their name like a brand, i.e. how do maximized my brand
 Education needs to revamp to ensure it is better aligned with jobs of today and future
 All levels of government need to get their policies under control, i.e. tax policy, hydro
rates, regulations, value for money, etc.
 More emphasis needs to be on incubation centers. All universities and colleges should
become innovation centers
 There needs to be more focus on economic policies that will drive FDI