2016 0909-tree-of-life fall2016
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•40 views
The document discusses the possibility of life existing in extreme environments on other planets and moons in our solar system based on evidence of extremophiles on Earth. It examines some specific celestial bodies like Europa, Titan, Mars, and their potential to host life. Mars is highlighted as the most promising candidate due to evidence of past water and the protection offered by subsurface environments. The document also briefly summarizes the origins and evolution of life on Earth.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
PLANETS-ACTIVITY
The document provides information on several celestial bodies in our solar system including Mars, Io, Enceladus, Europa, and Titan. Mars has a thin atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide and evidence of past liquid water. Europa has an ocean under its icy surface that could support microbial life, fueled by tidal heating from Jupiter. Titan has a dense nitrogen atmosphere and evidence liquid water existed in the past. Future missions may discover life on other planets and moons like Mars and Europa that have conditions suitable for supporting microbial organisms.
Ch.11.rocks and soil (part 1)
The universe began with a huge explosion known as the Big Bang. Gas clouds formed as atoms were drawn together by gravity, and inside these clouds, extremely hot spheres of gas known as stars formed. Nuclear fusion in stars produced heavier elements that were ejected when the stars died. The Earth formed from these materials and has a core, mantle and crust. Rocks on Earth include igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types that are part of a continuous rock cycle, and they have many important uses.
Our planet, the earth
The Earth has several key features that support life, including an atmosphere containing oxygen, average temperatures of 15°C, and a water cycle. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing day and night, and revolves around the sun over the course of 365 days, causing the seasons. The moon orbits the Earth every 28 days and causes ocean tides. The Earth also has a molten iron core that generates a magnetic field protecting it from solar radiation.
Earth History 2: Changes in Atmosphere
The document discusses the various factors that cause changes in Earth's atmosphere and climate over time. It explains that changes in one climate variable, such as the atmosphere, will affect others as they are all interconnected. The key factors identified are 1) biotic processes, 2) variations in solar radiation, 3) plate tectonics, 4) volcanic eruptions and large igneous provinces, 5) the cryosphere, 6) Milankovitch cycles, and 7) greenhouse gases. The document traces the history of scientific understanding of these climate change causes and how different evidence and techniques verified theories about ice age triggers being linked to orbital variations amplified by greenhouse gas feedbacks.
Earth history 2
1) Changes in the atmosphere, such as variations in greenhouse gases, solar radiation levels, volcanic activity, and ice sheet size can impact climate by altering the Earth's energy balance.
2) Scientific evidence shows that small variations in the Earth's orbit and axis (known as the Milankovitch cycles) have paced climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years by changing the distribution of solar energy received in different latitudes and seasons.
3) Positive feedback loops involving greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and temperature amplified the effects of the Milankovitch cycles in the past, driving the Earth into ice ages. However, human emissions are now the dominant factor changing climate through increased greenhouse gases.
Planetary Atmospheres & Life
Might our earth undergo a runaway greenhouse warming similar to Venus?
Could there be life on the billions of exo-planets?
Why is the oxygen content of our earth’s atmosphere greater that of Venus and Mars, which are mostly CO2 ?
History of earth
The document summarizes key events in Earth's history from the formation of the solar system to the present. It describes the origin of life beginning with simple prokaryotes over 3 billion years ago. The first complex eukaryotic cells emerged around 1.7 billion years ago, followed by multicellular organisms over 700 million years ago. The development of land plants and animals is outlined through the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, along with changing climates and configurations of the Earth's continents and oceans. Absolute and relative dating methods are also summarized that are used to determine the age of geological features and fossils.
The history of the earth
The document summarizes the history of life on Earth from its formation 4.6 billion years ago to the most recent Ice Age. It describes how in the Precambrian period, the earliest forms of life were simple bacteria and algae. Dinosaurs then roamed the Earth for over 100 million years during the Mesozoic era before disappearing. Mammals began to diversify in the Cenozoic era as the climate cooled and ice sheets advanced during the last Ice Age.
Recommended
PLANETS-ACTIVITY
The document provides information on several celestial bodies in our solar system including Mars, Io, Enceladus, Europa, and Titan. Mars has a thin atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide and evidence of past liquid water. Europa has an ocean under its icy surface that could support microbial life, fueled by tidal heating from Jupiter. Titan has a dense nitrogen atmosphere and evidence liquid water existed in the past. Future missions may discover life on other planets and moons like Mars and Europa that have conditions suitable for supporting microbial organisms.
Ch.11.rocks and soil (part 1)
The universe began with a huge explosion known as the Big Bang. Gas clouds formed as atoms were drawn together by gravity, and inside these clouds, extremely hot spheres of gas known as stars formed. Nuclear fusion in stars produced heavier elements that were ejected when the stars died. The Earth formed from these materials and has a core, mantle and crust. Rocks on Earth include igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types that are part of a continuous rock cycle, and they have many important uses.
Our planet, the earth
The Earth has several key features that support life, including an atmosphere containing oxygen, average temperatures of 15°C, and a water cycle. It rotates on its axis once every 24 hours, causing day and night, and revolves around the sun over the course of 365 days, causing the seasons. The moon orbits the Earth every 28 days and causes ocean tides. The Earth also has a molten iron core that generates a magnetic field protecting it from solar radiation.
Earth History 2: Changes in Atmosphere
The document discusses the various factors that cause changes in Earth's atmosphere and climate over time. It explains that changes in one climate variable, such as the atmosphere, will affect others as they are all interconnected. The key factors identified are 1) biotic processes, 2) variations in solar radiation, 3) plate tectonics, 4) volcanic eruptions and large igneous provinces, 5) the cryosphere, 6) Milankovitch cycles, and 7) greenhouse gases. The document traces the history of scientific understanding of these climate change causes and how different evidence and techniques verified theories about ice age triggers being linked to orbital variations amplified by greenhouse gas feedbacks.
Earth history 2
1) Changes in the atmosphere, such as variations in greenhouse gases, solar radiation levels, volcanic activity, and ice sheet size can impact climate by altering the Earth's energy balance.
2) Scientific evidence shows that small variations in the Earth's orbit and axis (known as the Milankovitch cycles) have paced climate changes over hundreds of thousands of years by changing the distribution of solar energy received in different latitudes and seasons.
3) Positive feedback loops involving greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and temperature amplified the effects of the Milankovitch cycles in the past, driving the Earth into ice ages. However, human emissions are now the dominant factor changing climate through increased greenhouse gases.
Planetary Atmospheres & Life
Might our earth undergo a runaway greenhouse warming similar to Venus?
Could there be life on the billions of exo-planets?
Why is the oxygen content of our earth’s atmosphere greater that of Venus and Mars, which are mostly CO2 ?
History of earth
The document summarizes key events in Earth's history from the formation of the solar system to the present. It describes the origin of life beginning with simple prokaryotes over 3 billion years ago. The first complex eukaryotic cells emerged around 1.7 billion years ago, followed by multicellular organisms over 700 million years ago. The development of land plants and animals is outlined through the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, along with changing climates and configurations of the Earth's continents and oceans. Absolute and relative dating methods are also summarized that are used to determine the age of geological features and fossils.
The history of the earth
The document summarizes the history of life on Earth from its formation 4.6 billion years ago to the most recent Ice Age. It describes how in the Precambrian period, the earliest forms of life were simple bacteria and algae. Dinosaurs then roamed the Earth for over 100 million years during the Mesozoic era before disappearing. Mammals began to diversify in the Cenozoic era as the climate cooled and ice sheets advanced during the last Ice Age.
Earth
This document summarizes the key characteristics that indicate the planet Earth is capable of supporting life. It examines Earth's galactic neighborhood, its G2 class star the Sun, its location within the habitable zone allowing liquid water, its size and composition as a terrestrial planet, its magnetic field and atmosphere, and its nearly circular orbit and rotational properties including axial tilt that produces seasons. All of these factors analyzed together demonstrate how Earth meets the known criteria to potentially support life.
Earth interior power point
The Earth is composed of four main layers:
1) The crust is the outermost layer that ranges from 5-25 miles thick and is composed of continental and oceanic crust.
2) The mantle lies below the crust and is semi-rigid, allowing the crustal plates to move via convection currents in the upper mantle.
3) The outer core is extremely hot liquid nickel and iron.
4) The inner core is solid due to intense heat and pressure squeezing the metals.
Introduction to Earth
Earth is composed of four main layers - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is made up of either continental or oceanic crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper mantle, and lower mantle. The outer core is a liquid layer made of nickel and iron that generates Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is made of solid iron deep within Earth. Overall, Earth's composition is approximately 34.6% iron, 29.5% oxygen, and 15.2% silicon.
Uniqueness of earth
The document discusses the unique features of Earth that make it suitable for life. It notes that scientists have been searching for extraterrestrial life by discovering exoplanets but that Earth has specific attributes that enable life, including being the right distance from the sun for liquid water, having an atmosphere, molecular oxygen, water, and internal heat generation, as well as a magnetosphere and lightning. These characteristics work together to protect life and provide the essential ingredients and energy needed to support life on Earth.
Earth history 1
The document provides an overview of Earth's geological history and processes. It discusses how heat from the Earth's core and energy from the sun drive plate tectonics and geological changes over long periods of time. Precise dating methods like radiometric dating indicate that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, much older than traditionally thought. The constant recycling of the crust through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock processes comprises the long-term geological evolution of our planet.
KT Extinction Theory (Asteroid)
A slideshow that I made regarding the K.T extinction. Includes one main theory and several others. Leave a like or comment if you enjoyed and hope you survive the next extinction...
THE EARTH
The Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. It is the third planet from the sun and the only known planet capable of sustaining life. The Earth has a molten iron core, a solid silicate mantle, and a crust consisting of tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over millions of years. The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere support around 8.7 million known species of life. Humans depend on the biosphere and minerals of the Earth, though pollution poses threats to both the environment and human health.
Earth's history
The document provides an overview of geology, describing the structure of the Earth and key concepts in the field. It begins with definitions of geology and discusses the four spheres that make up the Earth: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Key points about the layers of the Earth's interior and crust are summarized. The remainder of the document outlines principles of geology including plate tectonics, geological timescales, dating methods like radioactive decay, and the progression of life forms through different eras.
Unit 6 history of life on earth
Fossils are formed through the mineral replacement or preservation of plant and animal remains over time. Relative dating methods determine the sequence of geological events without providing absolute ages, while absolute dating using radiometric methods like radiocarbon dating provides numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout Earth's history, including the end-Cretaceous extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs. Key events in southern Africa include some of the earliest fossil evidence of life, mammal-like reptiles and dinosaurs from the Karoo and Drakensberg mountains, and early human ancestors like Australopithecus.
Thestarsandthegalaxiesintheuniverse
The document discusses the stars and galaxies in the universe. It begins by describing the sun as the closest star to Earth and the center of our solar system. It is fueled by nuclear fusion and provides light and heat for life. The document then covers the various types of stars including white dwarfs, neutron stars, giants, and supergiants. It explains that stars are formed in nebulae from collapsing gas and dust clouds. As stars age, they eventually die and become white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes depending on their original mass. Galaxies are groups of stars held together by gravity, and come in spiral, elliptical, and irregular shapes. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy containing around 200 billion
Test
The document discusses Earth's place in the universe and its early atmosphere. It describes how the Big Bang theory led to the formation of galaxies, stars and planets around 12-14 billion years ago. A supernova 7 billion years ago helped form a solar nebula that collapsed to create our sun and planets like Earth. Earth was initially a molten ball surrounded by hydrogen and helium. Volcanic activity produced an early atmosphere lacking in oxygen. Photosynthesis by early organisms introduced oxygen and led to the evolution of more complex life on Earth.
Earth and environmental science
it is power point about earth and Humans and population,with lots of pictures in it.
i hope you will like it......About me : Hi !!! my name is adwityaa & i live in india and if you want you can add me as your friend on facebook or follow me on twitter..
Origins of the earth list
The document describes the early formation of Earth, beginning with rocks colliding and gathering to form a planetoid. As lava cooled, a thin crust formed and land masses started to emerge. Water vapor from lava saturated the atmosphere, causing rain for a million years and forming oceans in low-lying areas. Microbes then evolved that used photosynthesis, releasing oxygen as a byproduct first into the oceans where it combined with iron in rocks, then into the atmosphere, allowing life to diversify dramatically.
Lecture 4
The document discusses the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes the lithosphere as the solid outermost part made up of tectonic plates that move over time. The layers within the lithosphere are described based on their composition of crust, mantle and core, as well as their physical properties. Evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift is provided.
I.A Universe and Solar system
The document summarizes the origin and structure of the Earth and solar system. It describes theories for the formation of the universe like the Big Bang theory and theories for the formation of the solar system. It then describes the structure and components of the solar system including the inner terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars, outer gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and other minor objects like asteroids, comets, and meteorites. It provides details on the composition, atmospheres, moons, and other features of each planet and minor solar system member.
Chapter 2 Earth As Planet
The document discusses the phases of the moon. It explains that the moon does not produce its own light, but rather reflects light from the sun. As the moon orbits Earth, different portions are illuminated by the sun, appearing to change shape from our perspective on Earth. This cycle, where the illuminated portion appears to grow and then shrink over the course of around 29.5 days, is what causes the phases of the moon. The document then defines and provides images for each of the 8 main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.
Earth History ppt
I believe that the more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future.
-Theodore roosevelt
Origin and interiors of the earth LECTURE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and the interior structure of Earth. It discusses:
- Engineering geology as the application of geology to civil engineering projects.
- The interior structure of Earth, including the crust, mantle (with upper, lower, and outer layers), liquid outer core, and solid inner core.
- Theories for the origin of Earth, including the nebular hypothesis of Kant and Laplace where Earth formed from a contracting gas cloud/nebula around the sun.
The Stars And The Galaxies In The Universe 2 L
This powerpoint slidesare from form 3 sallabus and it is about stars and galaxies. Students are allowed to view and upload their ideas of stars and galaxies.
Earth's formation ppt
This document summarizes the formation of the solar system according to the core accretion model. It explains that the solar system began as a solar nebula that collapsed under gravity to form the sun. Heavier elements near the sun merged to form terrestrial planets, while lighter elements further from the sun formed gas giants. The earliest Earth had a hot molten surface and atmosphere of gases like hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Over time, the Earth cooled and developed layers, water was introduced via asteroids, and a water cycle, plate tectonics, and life emerged.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including five mass extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, facts, and natural phenomena like mountains, minerals, rocks, and volcanoes. The text also covers topics like the greenhouse effect, pollution, the ozone layer, depletion issues, and indications that the Earth is nearing an end unless preventative measures are taken.
Exobiology origin of lifetheories and all.ppt
The document discusses evidence that life began on Earth between 3.85-3.5 billion years ago. Three lines of evidence support this: stromatolites dating to 3.5 billion years ago, microfossils from the same period, and carbon isotope signatures in metamorphic rocks dating to 3.85 billion years ago. Early life was simple and likely relied on chemical energy from hydrothermal vents or hot springs. The RNA world hypothesis proposes that self-replicating RNA preceded DNA and proteins. Photosynthesis later evolved around 3.5 billion years ago, introducing oxygen to the atmosphere, though it took until around 2 billion years ago for oxygen levels to rise significantly.
More Related Content
What's hot
Earth
This document summarizes the key characteristics that indicate the planet Earth is capable of supporting life. It examines Earth's galactic neighborhood, its G2 class star the Sun, its location within the habitable zone allowing liquid water, its size and composition as a terrestrial planet, its magnetic field and atmosphere, and its nearly circular orbit and rotational properties including axial tilt that produces seasons. All of these factors analyzed together demonstrate how Earth meets the known criteria to potentially support life.
Earth interior power point
The Earth is composed of four main layers:
1) The crust is the outermost layer that ranges from 5-25 miles thick and is composed of continental and oceanic crust.
2) The mantle lies below the crust and is semi-rigid, allowing the crustal plates to move via convection currents in the upper mantle.
3) The outer core is extremely hot liquid nickel and iron.
4) The inner core is solid due to intense heat and pressure squeezing the metals.
Introduction to Earth
Earth is composed of four main layers - crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer and is made up of either continental or oceanic crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper mantle, and lower mantle. The outer core is a liquid layer made of nickel and iron that generates Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is made of solid iron deep within Earth. Overall, Earth's composition is approximately 34.6% iron, 29.5% oxygen, and 15.2% silicon.
Uniqueness of earth
The document discusses the unique features of Earth that make it suitable for life. It notes that scientists have been searching for extraterrestrial life by discovering exoplanets but that Earth has specific attributes that enable life, including being the right distance from the sun for liquid water, having an atmosphere, molecular oxygen, water, and internal heat generation, as well as a magnetosphere and lightning. These characteristics work together to protect life and provide the essential ingredients and energy needed to support life on Earth.
Earth history 1
The document provides an overview of Earth's geological history and processes. It discusses how heat from the Earth's core and energy from the sun drive plate tectonics and geological changes over long periods of time. Precise dating methods like radiometric dating indicate that the Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, much older than traditionally thought. The constant recycling of the crust through igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock processes comprises the long-term geological evolution of our planet.
KT Extinction Theory (Asteroid)
A slideshow that I made regarding the K.T extinction. Includes one main theory and several others. Leave a like or comment if you enjoyed and hope you survive the next extinction...
THE EARTH
The Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. It is the third planet from the sun and the only known planet capable of sustaining life. The Earth has a molten iron core, a solid silicate mantle, and a crust consisting of tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over millions of years. The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere support around 8.7 million known species of life. Humans depend on the biosphere and minerals of the Earth, though pollution poses threats to both the environment and human health.
Earth's history
The document provides an overview of geology, describing the structure of the Earth and key concepts in the field. It begins with definitions of geology and discusses the four spheres that make up the Earth: the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Key points about the layers of the Earth's interior and crust are summarized. The remainder of the document outlines principles of geology including plate tectonics, geological timescales, dating methods like radioactive decay, and the progression of life forms through different eras.
Unit 6 history of life on earth
Fossils are formed through the mineral replacement or preservation of plant and animal remains over time. Relative dating methods determine the sequence of geological events without providing absolute ages, while absolute dating using radiometric methods like radiocarbon dating provides numerical ages by measuring radioactive decay. Mass extinctions have occurred throughout Earth's history, including the end-Cretaceous extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs. Key events in southern Africa include some of the earliest fossil evidence of life, mammal-like reptiles and dinosaurs from the Karoo and Drakensberg mountains, and early human ancestors like Australopithecus.
Thestarsandthegalaxiesintheuniverse
The document discusses the stars and galaxies in the universe. It begins by describing the sun as the closest star to Earth and the center of our solar system. It is fueled by nuclear fusion and provides light and heat for life. The document then covers the various types of stars including white dwarfs, neutron stars, giants, and supergiants. It explains that stars are formed in nebulae from collapsing gas and dust clouds. As stars age, they eventually die and become white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes depending on their original mass. Galaxies are groups of stars held together by gravity, and come in spiral, elliptical, and irregular shapes. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy containing around 200 billion
Test
The document discusses Earth's place in the universe and its early atmosphere. It describes how the Big Bang theory led to the formation of galaxies, stars and planets around 12-14 billion years ago. A supernova 7 billion years ago helped form a solar nebula that collapsed to create our sun and planets like Earth. Earth was initially a molten ball surrounded by hydrogen and helium. Volcanic activity produced an early atmosphere lacking in oxygen. Photosynthesis by early organisms introduced oxygen and led to the evolution of more complex life on Earth.
Earth and environmental science
it is power point about earth and Humans and population,with lots of pictures in it.
i hope you will like it......About me : Hi !!! my name is adwityaa & i live in india and if you want you can add me as your friend on facebook or follow me on twitter..
Origins of the earth list
The document describes the early formation of Earth, beginning with rocks colliding and gathering to form a planetoid. As lava cooled, a thin crust formed and land masses started to emerge. Water vapor from lava saturated the atmosphere, causing rain for a million years and forming oceans in low-lying areas. Microbes then evolved that used photosynthesis, releasing oxygen as a byproduct first into the oceans where it combined with iron in rocks, then into the atmosphere, allowing life to diversify dramatically.
Lecture 4
The document discusses the structure and composition of the Earth. It describes the lithosphere as the solid outermost part made up of tectonic plates that move over time. The layers within the lithosphere are described based on their composition of crust, mantle and core, as well as their physical properties. Evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift is provided.
I.A Universe and Solar system
The document summarizes the origin and structure of the Earth and solar system. It describes theories for the formation of the universe like the Big Bang theory and theories for the formation of the solar system. It then describes the structure and components of the solar system including the inner terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars, outer gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, and other minor objects like asteroids, comets, and meteorites. It provides details on the composition, atmospheres, moons, and other features of each planet and minor solar system member.
Chapter 2 Earth As Planet
The document discusses the phases of the moon. It explains that the moon does not produce its own light, but rather reflects light from the sun. As the moon orbits Earth, different portions are illuminated by the sun, appearing to change shape from our perspective on Earth. This cycle, where the illuminated portion appears to grow and then shrink over the course of around 29.5 days, is what causes the phases of the moon. The document then defines and provides images for each of the 8 main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.
Earth History ppt
I believe that the more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future.
-Theodore roosevelt
Origin and interiors of the earth LECTURE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING
This document provides an overview of engineering geology and the interior structure of Earth. It discusses:
- Engineering geology as the application of geology to civil engineering projects.
- The interior structure of Earth, including the crust, mantle (with upper, lower, and outer layers), liquid outer core, and solid inner core.
- Theories for the origin of Earth, including the nebular hypothesis of Kant and Laplace where Earth formed from a contracting gas cloud/nebula around the sun.
The Stars And The Galaxies In The Universe 2 L
This powerpoint slidesare from form 3 sallabus and it is about stars and galaxies. Students are allowed to view and upload their ideas of stars and galaxies.
Earth's formation ppt
This document summarizes the formation of the solar system according to the core accretion model. It explains that the solar system began as a solar nebula that collapsed under gravity to form the sun. Heavier elements near the sun merged to form terrestrial planets, while lighter elements further from the sun formed gas giants. The earliest Earth had a hot molten surface and atmosphere of gases like hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Over time, the Earth cooled and developed layers, water was introduced via asteroids, and a water cycle, plate tectonics, and life emerged.
What's hot (20)
Origin and interiors of the earth LECTURE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING
Origin and interiors of the earth LECTURE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING
Similar to 2016 0909-tree-of-life fall2016
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including five mass extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, facts, and natural phenomena like mountains, minerals, rocks, and volcanoes. The text also covers topics like the greenhouse effect, pollution, the ozone layer, depletion issues, and indications that the Earth is nearing an end unless preventative measures are taken.
Exobiology origin of lifetheories and all.ppt
The document discusses evidence that life began on Earth between 3.85-3.5 billion years ago. Three lines of evidence support this: stromatolites dating to 3.5 billion years ago, microfossils from the same period, and carbon isotope signatures in metamorphic rocks dating to 3.85 billion years ago. Early life was simple and likely relied on chemical energy from hydrothermal vents or hot springs. The RNA world hypothesis proposes that self-replicating RNA preceded DNA and proteins. Photosynthesis later evolved around 3.5 billion years ago, introducing oxygen to the atmosphere, though it took until around 2 billion years ago for oxygen levels to rise significantly.
Exobiology (1).ppt
Life likely began on Earth between 3.85-3.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by stromatolites and microfossils from that time period. Early life forms were simple single-celled organisms that relied on chemical energy from hydrothermal vents or sunlight. Over hundreds of millions of years, some organisms developed the ability to conduct photosynthesis, increasing oxygen levels in the atmosphere and driving evolution in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The rise of oxygen allowed for more complex cells and multicellular life, culminating in the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity around 540 million years ago. Humans evolved in Africa within the last 6 million years, sharing a common ancestor with chimpanze
2
The document discusses evidence that life emerged on Earth between 3.85-3.5 billion years ago. Stromatolites and microfossils dating to 3.5 billion years provide evidence of early life. Biomarkers in older rocks suggest life existed 3.85 billion years ago. Early life was simple and likely relied on chemical energy from hydrothermal vents. The RNA world hypothesis proposes that self-replicating RNA preceded DNA and proteins. Complex organic molecules could have assembled on mineral surfaces like clay. Early cell-like structures may have formed and exhibited primitive behaviors. Photosynthesis evolved around 3.5 billion years ago and increased oxygen levels over time, transforming Earth's atmosphere.
Life Beyond Earth
The document discusses the possibility of life existing beyond Earth. It begins by outlining a student project on this topic, then examines what makes Earth habitable by discussing factors like its atmosphere, temperature, water, size, and other characteristics. Several reasons for the possibility of life on other planets are provided, such as the theory of evolution and the building blocks of life being found elsewhere in the universe. Specific neighboring planets and moons like Mars and Europa are discussed in terms of their potential to support life. Major space exploration programs like Voyager, Hubble, and James Webb are summarized. Finally, the challenges of searching for a new habitable planet like Earth are addressed, such as the immense distances involved and financial costs of colonizing other
Earth
The document provides information about the history and composition of Earth. It discusses how Earth formed 4.54 billion years ago and has experienced five mass extinctions. It also describes Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, and facts such as its density and single moon. Graphics are included about the solar system and Earth's position. The document then discusses Earth's mountains, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, and meteoroids. It covers topics like global warming, the greenhouse effect, pollution, the ozone layer, and indications of the end of Earth. Preventions are mentioned like education programs and green movements.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including five mass extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, and facts such as only having one natural satellite, the Moon. Graphics are shown for the Solar System and Earth specifically. The document then covers Earth's mountains, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, meteoroids, and indications of environmental issues like global warming, pollution, and the depletion of the ozone layer. Prevention methods are suggested.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including major extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, and facts such as the presence of one natural satellite, the Moon. Graphics are included showing the relative sizes and distances of planets in the solar system. The document also covers mountains, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, meteoroids, and natural phenomena such as global warming, the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and indications of threats facing Earth. Prevention methods are mentioned.
Dinosaurs (2)
Dinosaurs lived during the Mesozoic era in various climates and habitats around the world. There are several theories for their extinction, including an asteroid impact, volcanism, or climate change. The most widely accepted is that an asteroid struck the Yucatan peninsula, ejecting sulfur dioxide that blocked sunlight and caused global cooling, starving plant-eating dinosaurs and the animals that depended on them.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including five mass extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, and facts such as only having one natural satellite, the Moon. Graphics are shown about the Solar System and Earth's position. Details are given about mountains, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, meteoroids, and natural phenomena such as global warming, the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and indications of the potential end of Earth. Preventative measures are listed.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago, including five mass extinction events. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, and facts such as only having one natural satellite, the Moon. Graphics are shown about the Solar System and Earth's position. Details are given about mountains, minerals, rocks, volcanoes, meteoroids, and natural phenomena such as global warming, the greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and indications of the potential end of Earth. Preventions are mentioned like education programs.
Earth
The document provides information about the history and formation of Earth 4.54 billion years ago. It discusses Earth's atmosphere, composition, layers, facts, and natural phenomena like mountains, minerals, rocks, and volcanoes. The text also covers topics like meteoroids, global warming, the greenhouse effect, pollution, depletion of the ozone layer, and indications that the Earth is nearing its end. Suggested preventions include education programs, banning illegal dumping, raising awareness, and supporting green movements.
geologic time scale_gen bio 2.pptx
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][
fossils & geologic time.ppt
The document discusses key events in Earth's history from the formation of the planet 4.6 billion years ago through the present day. It outlines the major eons, eras, periods, and epochs of the geologic time scale and describes some of the life forms, tectonic events, and environmental conditions that characterized each period. Radiometric dating methods are also introduced that allow scientists to determine absolute dates for rocks and fossils.
Geologic time scale_1
The geologic time scale is a system used to describe Earth's history by dividing it into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and rock layers. It begins over 4.6 billion years ago with the formation of Earth and extends to the present. Major divisions include eons like the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, eras like the Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and periods like the Jurassic and Quaternary. Life began as single-celled organisms and evolved over billions of years to include complex plants and animals, with major extinction events periodically wiping out many species. The current geologic period is the Quaternary, which began over 2 million years ago and includes the evolution
Grade 8 g time scale.pptx
The document provides a history of the Earth from its formation nearly 5 billion years ago through the development of early life. It describes how the Earth accreted from dust and rocks, was heavily bombarded by meteors, and how the moon formed from a giant impact. Oceans formed, and early life like cyanobacteria began producing oxygen that accumulated in the atmosphere. The development of the ozone layer allowed more complex eukaryotic life to emerge. Subsequent sections discuss the Cambrian explosion of life, the rise of fish and amphibians, the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras including the age of dinosaurs, and the Cenozoic era when mammals and eventually humans arose after the extinction of
the_geological_timescale and history.ppt
The document provides information about the geological time scale and the major divisions of geologic time. It discusses the four eras - Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The Paleozoic era is described as a time when invertebrates like trilobites and early fish were dominant in the oceans. During the Mesozoic, reptiles like dinosaurs were abundant on land and in the seas. The Cenozoic era, which continues today, is known as the "Age of Mammals" as mammals evolved and diversified.
Ch 2
1. The document describes the structure of the universe from the largest scale of billions of galaxies down to Earth's place in the Milky Way galaxy and solar system. It discusses the internal structure of Earth and how the continental drift theory explains the movement of crustal plates over time.
2. Key points covered include that Earth is able to support life because it receives the right amount of heat and light from the Sun, has water, and an atmosphere that regulates temperature. The continental drift theory proposes that Earth's crust is broken into plates that were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangea before drifting apart.
3. Threats to Earth's fragile environment from human activity like pollution and overuse of resources
Ozone depletion lect-7.pptx
This document discusses ozone layer depletion and global warming. It provides background on the discovery of the ozone hole over Antarctica in the 1970s. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere destroy ozone molecules, causing depletion. Depletion increases harmful UV rays, damaging aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and harming human health. The document also discusses evidence that the world is warming due to human activities like greenhouse gas emissions. Effects include rising sea levels, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and shifts in animal habitats and plant/animal ranges. Solutions proposed include reducing energy use, switching to renewable energy sources, and international cooperation on emissions standards.
Unit 1 earth's history
4.65 billion years ago, a solar nebula collapsed, forming planets, asteroids, and other bodies. The outer planets like Jupiter are made mostly of hydrogen and helium, while terrestrial planets like Earth contain more iron and silicates. Early Earth had varying atmospheric conditions, with Mars having a thin cold atmosphere and Venus a thick, hot one dominated by carbon dioxide. Around 540 million years ago, the Cambrian Explosion occurred, resulting in a rapid diversification of multicellular animal life and the appearance of most modern animal phyla. Following mass extinctions, mammals diversified and filled ecological niches once dominated by dinosaurs.
Similar to 2016 0909-tree-of-life fall2016 (20)
Recently uploaded
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKAFemmely-ACP-how to use social media to drive engagement
Femmely-ACP-how to use social media to drive engagement
Full CAD Project Cardiovascuwhore Debut PDF CAD Meena Pittman
Full CAD Project Cardiovascuwhore Debut PDF CAD
Meena Pittman
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka sattamatka sattamatka result
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka Satta result marka result Satta Matka Satta result marka result Dpboss sattamatka341 satta143 Satta Matka Sattamatka New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka Fast Matka Milan Market Kalyan Matka Results Satta Game Matka Game Satta Matka Kalyan Satta Matka Mumbai Main Online Matka Results Satta Matka Tips Milan Chart Satta Matka Boss New Star Day Satta King Live Satta Matka Results Satta Matka Company Indian Matka Satta Matka Kalyan Night Matka
Kalyan Result Final ank Satta 143 Kalyan final Kalyan panel chart Kalyan Result guessing Time bazar Kalyan guessing Kalyan satta sattamatka
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Sattamatka satta matka sattamatka results
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Sattamatka satta matka sattamatka results➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka Satta result marka result
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka Satta result marka result
Satta Matka Satta result marka result Dpboss sattamatka341 satta143 Satta Matka Sattamatka New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka Fast Matka Milan Market Kalyan Matka Results Satta Game Matka Game Satta Matka Kalyan Satta Matka Mumbai Main Online Matka Results Satta Matka Tips Milan Chart Satta Matka Boss
New Star Day Satta King Live Satta Matka Results Satta Matka Company Indian Matka Satta Matka Kalyan Night Matka
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka Satta result marka result Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
9356872877Sattamatka.satta.matka.satta matka.kalyan weekly chart.kalyan chart.kalyan jodi chart.kalyan penal chart.kalyan today.kalyan open.fix satta.fix fix fix Satta matka nambar. Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSSCall Girls Ahmedabad 7426014248 Independent Call Girl Service Ahmedabad
Call Girls Ahmedabad 7426014248 Independent Call Girl Service Ahmedabad
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Satta Matta Matka Dpboss KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKA ➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka Satta Matta Matka KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKA哪里购买(ucr毕业证书)美国加州大学河滨分校毕业证研究生文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(ucr毕业证书)美国加州大学河滨分校毕业证研究生文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka Kalyan Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka Kalyan Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKAMr. Brainwash ❤️ Beautiful Girl _ FRANK FLUEGEL GALERIE.pdf
Mr. Brainwash Beautiful Girl / Mixed Media / signed / Unique
Year: 2023
Format: 96,5 x 127 cm / 37.8 x 50 inch
Material: Fine Art Paper with hand-torn edges.
Method: Mixed Media, Stencil, Spray Paint.
Edition: Unique
Other: handsigned by Mr. Brainwash front and verso.
Beautiful Girl by Mr. Brainwash is a mixed media artwork on paper done in 2023. It is unique and of course signed by Mr. Brainwash. The picture is a tribute to his own most successful work of art, the Balloon Girl. In this new creation, however, the theme of the little girl is slightly modified.
In Mr. Brainwash’s mixed media artwork titled “Beautiful Girl,” we are presented with a captivating depiction of a little girl adorned in a summer dress, with two playful pigtails framing her face. The artwork exudes a sense of innocence and whimsy, as the girl is shown in a dreamy state, lifting one end of her skirt and looking down as if she were about to dance. Through the use of mixed media, Mr. Brainwash skillfully combines different artistic elements to create a visually striking composition. The vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes bring the artwork to life, evoking a sense of joy and happiness. The attention to detail in the girl’s expression and body language adds depth and character to the piece, allowing viewers to connect with the young protagonist on a personal and emotional level. “Beautiful Girl” is a testament to Mr. Brainwash’s unique artistic style, blending elements of street art, pop art, and contemporary art to create a visually captivating and emotionally resonant artwork.
The use of mixed media in “Beautiful Girl” adds an additional layer of complexity to the artwork. By combining different artistic techniques and materials, such as stencils, spray paint, and collage, Mr. Brainwash creates a dynamic and textured composition that grabs the viewer’s attention. The juxtaposition of different textures and patterns adds depth and visual interest to the piece, while also emphasizing the artist’s eclectic and experimental approach to art-making. The inclusion of collage elements, such as newspaper clippings and torn posters, further enhances the artwork’s urban and contemporary feel. Overall, “Beautiful Girl” is a visually captivating and thought-provoking artwork that showcases Mr. Brainwash’s talent for blending different artistic elements to create a truly unique and engaging piece.
A Brief Introduction About Hanying Chen_
Vancouver-based artist Hanying Chen boasts extensive skills in writing, directing, producing, and singing, reflecting her diverse talents in the performing arts. As she looks ahead, Hanying is driven to craft a fulfilling career path that harmonizes with her deep passion for artistic expression. In the coming years, she envisions cultivating a balanced life, blending her professional aspirations with her desire to foster meaningful connections in her vibrant urban community.
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKARecently uploaded (20)
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
Femmely-ACP-how to use social media to drive engagement
Femmely-ACP-how to use social media to drive engagement
Full CAD Project Cardiovascuwhore Debut PDF CAD Meena Pittman
Full CAD Project Cardiovascuwhore Debut PDF CAD Meena Pittman
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka sattamatka sattamatka result
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Satta Matka sattamatka sattamatka result
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Sattamatka satta matka sattamatka results
➒➌➍➑➊➑➏➍➋➒ Sattamatka satta matka sattamatka results
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Call Girls Ahmedabad 7426014248 Independent Call Girl Service Ahmedabad
Call Girls Ahmedabad 7426014248 Independent Call Girl Service Ahmedabad
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka Kalyan Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka Kalyan Matka
Mr. Brainwash ❤️ Beautiful Girl _ FRANK FLUEGEL GALERIE.pdf
Mr. Brainwash ❤️ Beautiful Girl _ FRANK FLUEGEL GALERIE.pdf
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka
2016 0909-tree-of-life fall2016
- 1. Tree of Life 9 September 2016
- 2. Earth Extremes: possible analogies to other planets • Hotsprings • The deep sea • Hypersaline environments • Evaporites • The atmosphere • Ice, permafrost, snow • Subsurface environments Other Worlds
- 3. Extremes on other planets • If we’ve seen life thrive in extreme circumstances on Earth, why not on other planets? • Mars holds most promise • What about moons in our solar system: – Europa – Titan – Enceladus Other Worlds
- 4. Europa • Life exists w/o photosynthesis in the deep ocean • Europa has a subsurface ocean • Life may exist beneath the surface Other Worlds
- 5. Titan • Airborne micro-organisms? • Extremes to withstand: – Dessication – Radiation Other Worlds
- 6. Mars • Host to several extreme environments – Deserts – Ice, permafrost, snow – Subsurface Other Worlds
- 7. Mars: ice, permafrost, snow • Microbes and algae exist in frozen environments on Earth • Maybe not thriving, but microbial survivors could exist Other Worlds
- 8. Mars: subsurface environments • Best chance of withstanding Martian extremes – No liquid water at surface – Low pressure – CO2-rich atmosphere – Only 43% solar radiation at Earth • Subsurface provides – Protection – Possible liquid water – Energy source for chemolithoautotrophs Other Worlds
- 9. Summary • Earth life arose more than 3.5 billion years ago. Our oldest ancestors may have been extremophiles • Life has become progressively larger and more complicated, but large organisms are recent: 650 million years • Extremophiles live at high and low T, P, pH; high salinity and radiation • Earth’s extreme environments resemble other planets
- 10. The 3 Domains of Life
- 11. Origins of Earth life • Early Earth had abiotic environment with non-living organic chemicals • First life known had DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins • All uses same gentic code
- 12. Key events in life history • Microbial evolution: first cells were anerobic and chemotrophic • Natural selection leads to rapid differentiation: mutations cause the tree of life to branch out • Photosynthesis uses solar energy and produces oxygen • O2 increases: crisis! Some evolved, others went extinct, some went to anerobic niches, eukarya develop
- 13. Eukarya • Cell structures develop and specialize • Diverse forms, but all life was microbial until 1.2 billion years ago • Multicellular organisms lead to the Cambrian explosion
- 14. Tree of Life: All life is related • Evolutionary branches determined by DNA comparisons. • Bacteria seem most ancient; archaea closer to eukarya.
- 15. The Cambrian Explosion • Macroscopic life diversity “exploded” ~540 Myr ago: – Oxygen levels had risen: A good energy source! – But O2 attacks organic bonds: many microbes went extinct! – Soon after several Snowball Earths: coincidence or trigger? Cambrian sea Trilobite fossil
- 16. Colonization of the Land • For macroscopic life, protective ozone (O3) layer was vital step to inhabiting land: – Shields the surface from dangerous ultraviolet sunlight. • Life generated O2 (through photosynthesis), which forms O3, which protects life!
- 17. Impacts and extinctions • Played a key role • Ended species like the dinosaurs • A giant impact leads to a mass extinction • We can see craters on the Moon (no erosion) and Chicxulub crater in Yucatan • Pruned branches of the tree of life and allowed new species
- 18. Origin of Life: Summary 1. “Organic soup” vs. dilute solution. 2. Complex organics developed (mineral templates?). 3. “Pre-cells” enclosed complex organics. 4. Natural selection increased RNA complexity. 5. DNA developed within some successful cell(s). A reasonable scenario, though many details are missing!
- 19. Summary • Earth life arose more than 3.5 billion years ago. Our oldest ancestors may have been extremophiles • Life has become progressively larger and more complicated, but large organisms are recent: 650 million years • 3 domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya • All Earth life has a common ancestor