This document summarizes a research paper presented at the 6th International Conference NOF 2015 in Montreal, Canada on September 30, 2015. The paper proposes a new routing architecture called Scalable Forwarding with RINA (SFR) for distributed cloud computing networks. SFR uses a hierarchical Distributed Interprocess Communication Facility (DIF) architecture based on the Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) model. Simulation results show that SFR achieves better scalability than traditional distance vector routing, with drastically smaller forwarding tables. Future work will further evaluate SFR's performance for distributed clouds and deploy it within the VIFIB volunteer cloud infrastructure.

1. SFR: Scalable Forwarding with
RINA for Distributed Clouds
Fatma Hrizi, Anis Laouiti and Hakima Chaouchi
Telecom SudParis, France
6th International Conference NOF 2015,
MONTREAL, CANADA, SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
07/10/2015 1NOF 2015

2. Outline
• Intro & Motivation
• VIFIB Distributed Clouds
• RINA: Recursive InterNetwork Architecture
• SFR: Scalable Forwarding with RINA
• Simulation Results
• Conclusion
07/10/2015 2NOF 2015

3. Generated from https://tagul.com
Intro & Motivation
• Cloud Computing
– Fast Emergence
• Research, industries and standardizations
– Enables ubiquitous and on-demand access to
shared resources
– Large scale applications become feasible
• Big data, HPC..
– Single central point
Scalability & Availability issues
• Distributed Clouds
– Decentralized management
– Resources distributed in several geo area
– “Volunteer” clouds
• An example: VIFIB
07/10/2015 3NOF 2015

4. VIFIB Distributed Clouds
• VIFIB: Resilient Computing
– No data center architecture:
• Micro servers located in homes, offices..
• Distributed resources More Availability: 99.99%!
– Master/Slave architecture
– Resiliency
• Data is encrypted and replicated
in different locations
• Overlay Network of
Open VPN tunnels (re6st)
07/10/2015 NOF 2015 4
Source: http://www.vifib.com/
Source: http://www.vifib.com/

5. Re6st: Resilient
Overlay Networking System
• Re6st
– Mesh network of Open VPN
• Flat and random graph
– Babel Protocol used to calculate best routes
– Fast recovery!
• Issues with Re6st
– Security issues
• Bad routes flooding
– Scalability issues
• Flat topology does not scale
• Tunnels might consume
extensive resources
07/10/2015 NOF 2015 5
Source: http://www.vifib.com/

6. RINA: Recursive InterNetwork
Architecture
07/10/2015 NOF 2015 6
• Inter-Process Communication (IPC) model
• Unlike TCP/IP, one single layer
• that could be
repeated recursively
• Clean separation
between mechanism
and policy
• Divide and Conquer
• Scalability

7. GroupS
Group1
GroupD
GroupN-1Group2
InterGroup1_NInterGroup1_1
InterGroup1_2
InterGroup1_N-1
InterGroup2_N
• The distributed clouds is divided into groups
• Group leaders are created to interconnect nodes from
different groups and to form the inter groups
• To support scalability, multiple levels could be created
SFR: Scalable Forwarding with RINA
07/10/2015 7NOF 2015

8. SFR: DIF Architecture
IGroup2_N DIF GroupD DIFGroupS DIF
IGroup
1_1 DIF
VIFIB nodeA
VIFIB nodeF
VIFIB nodeC
VIFIB nodeE
VIFIB nodeB
VIFIB nodeD
Tenant Cloud DIF
IGroup
1_N DIF
DAP 1 DAP N
Tenant App DIF
07/10/2015 8NOF 2015

9. Performance Evaluation Scenario
Parameter Value
Number of
VIFIB nodes
120
Number of regions 4
Number of VIFIB nodes per
region
30
Application Ping
Packet Size 1500 Bytes
Ping Starts at 140s
Ping rate 5
Simulation Time 300s for each run
07/10/2015 9NOF 2015
• RINASim Simulator: Omnet++
based
• Medium scale distributed clouds
scenario
• Performance indicator:
– Forwarding table size

10. Simulation Results (1/2)
Smaller PDU Forwarding
Table!
Variation of PDU forwarding table size / simulation time
Comparison between SFR and simple distance vector routing protocol
07/10/2015 10NOF 2015

11. Variation of the PDU forwarding table size with regards the
simulation time. Dynamic Tenant Cloud DIF management
Simulation Results (2/2)
07/10/2015 11NOF 2015

12. Conclusion
• SFR: new and generic routing architecture for distributed
clouds
– Hierarchical DIF architecture
• SFR achieves better results compared to current distributed
clouds networking solutions
– The forwarding table size is drastically decreased
• In future works, we plan
– Further evaluate the assets of applying RINA to distributed clouds
• Consider more evaluation metrics: latency, throughput..
– Deploy SFR within VIFIB infrastructure to compare it to re6st
07/10/2015 12NOF 2015

13. Thank you for your
attention!
Questions?
07/10/2015 NOF 2015 13