Download as PDF, PPTX
![RMUTI Journal Special Issue 1 2015
507
Structural Organization of Research Article
Abstracts: Civil and Biomedical Engineering
Budsaba Kanoksilapatham1*
1
English Department, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000
*Corresponding Author: kanoksib@hotmail.com, 66-818584403, 66-34255794,
English Department, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Abstract
It is acknowledged that research articles are a common channel of communication and
dissemination of knowledge among scholars. Of all the sections in research articles, abstracts
play a distinctly pivotal role, determining the acceptance, or rejection, of article publication at
the initial stage. Moreover, abstracts facilitate the task of information retrieval by capturing
major highlights of the articles. Even though there seems to be a general structural organization
prevailing in abstracts, it remains to be investigated if abstracts from different sub-disciplines
associated with a single academic field display variation in their structural organization. To
address this question, first, two sizable datasets representing two sub-disciplines of civil and
biomedical engineering were compiled. Subsequently, the datasets were analyzed by genre
analysis to identify the “moves” which made up the abstracts. Although the two datasets
generally showed a common structural organization of the same set of moves, they displayed
significant differences, particularly with regard to the frequent use of certain moves in certain
sub-disciplines. The variation identified is possibly attributed to the inherent nature and
expectations of each sub-discipline. This study bears crucial pedagogical implications towards
the development and design of an academic writing course. To successfully prepare students for
professional communication in their future undertakings, the course should aim at not only
keeping students abreast of the prevailing structural organization but also sharpening their
awareness of the impact of diverse sub-disciplines.
Keywords: abstract; biomedical engineering; civil engineering; structural organization.
1. Introduction
It is acknowledged that research articles
(RAs) are one of the common channels of
communication and dissemination of
knowledge among scholars across disciplines.
Of all the sections typically found in RAs,
abstracts are one of the most important. First,
abstracts play a distinctly pivotal role,
determining the acceptance or rejection of
article publication at the initial stage [1].
Moreover, abstracts facilitate the task of
information retrieval by capturing major
highlights of the articles [2]. Finally, the
availability of abstracts expedites the
dissemination of knowledge and discoveries.
English has attained the status of the
primary language for international
communication in business, education, and
tourism. Scholars from different linguistic
backgrounds are compelled to engage in their
academic activities in English. As a result,
scholars are pushed to publish in international
journals for their academic growth and
success. Scholars who are not English native
speakers find the task of writing successful
abstracts daunting and challenging.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5897406c-5422-4e14-aed6-a92889fd3e12-151022082613-lva1-app6892/85/2015-RMUTI-19-320.jpg)
![The 6
th
International Conference on Science, Technology
and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014)
August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference,
Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
508
Swales’ genre analysis [3] has provided
scholars a tool to embark on the task of
writing RAs, especially to begin with the
introduction section of RAs. Precisely, genre
analysis considers that a text type is
structurally constructed, consisting of text
segments for particular communicative
functions. The implementation of genre
analysis analyzing the introduction section
has been extended to other RA sections,
including the RA abstract section. Genre-
based studies have congruently shown that
each text type generally shares a structural
organization.
At this juncture, it should be noted that
despite a multitude of studies adopting genre
analysis as a theoretical framework, the
application of the framework seems to
display certain weaknesses in several ways.
For instance, the datasets analyzed can be
rather small. To be precise, for instance,
Cross and Oppenheim analyzed a set of only
12 abstracts [2], possibly resulting in limited
generalization of the findings. Additionally,
the selection of the texts to be analyzed was
not systematic or objective. To elaborate, for
instance, in another study, 80 abstracts were
randomly selected from “two leading
international journals in the field of
experimental phonetics and experimental
psychology” [4]. In this particular study,
without specific criteria regarding the journal
selection and the absence of evidence
justifying the status of the journals, it remains
to be questionable whether the journals
selected do actually represent leading
international ones as claimed by the author.
Therefore, in order to finally obtain a valid
description of both the structure and
organization of the texts analyzed, these two
limitations, among other factors, need to be
addressed by subsequent studies.
Despite some pertinent problems related
to the dataset selection and compilation,
genre-based studies are illuminating,
providing insight into how RA texts are
written in different disciplines. For instance,
a number of studies across disciplines reveal
that the abstract genre in general seems to be
made up of a number of moves. However,
disciplinary variation is discernible [5] - [11].
At this point, based on previous genre-
based studies [5] – [11], despite a general
structural organization prevailing in RA
abstracts, it remains to be investigated if
abstracts from different sub-disciplines
associated with a single discipline display
variation in their structural organization. The
field of engineering thus provides an initial
impetus for this study. As known,
Engineering is a well-established discipline,
encapsulating a substantial number of sub-
disciplines.
In this paper, the abstracts of two
engineering sub-disciplines were analyzed
using genre analysis: civil engineering (CV)
and biomedical engineering (BM). These
two sub-disciplines are quite distinct in their
nature, focus, and history. Therefore, it is
interesting to examine whether the two sub-
disciplines are similar or different as far as
the abstract texts are concerned. The
differences identified by genre analysis
potentially highlight the impact of sub-
disciplines on how the abstract texts are
written. The findings are pedagogically
beneficial to prepare novice scholars for
academic pursuits in their respective sub-
disciplines.
2. Methods
To address the question whether the
abstracts of different engineering sub-
disciplines share the same structural
organization, two sizable datasets
representing CV and BM were compiled. To
assure the abstracts represent those from high
quality journals of the sub-disciplines, the
five journals with the top impact factors of
each sub-discipline were identified. From
each journal, 12 abstracts were systematically
selected to evenly distribute the entire
publication year. In short, 60 abstracts from
each sub-discipline were compiled. At this
juncture, it should be noted that the dataset
compilation did not take into consideration
the length of the abstracts, the focus of the
research presented, the nature of the studies,
and the nationality of the author(s).
Subsequently, the two datasets were
analyzed by genre analysis to identify the
structural organization consisting of “moves”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5897406c-5422-4e14-aed6-a92889fd3e12-151022082613-lva1-app6892/85/2015-RMUTI-20-320.jpg)
![The 6
th
International Conference on Science, Technology
and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014)
August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference,
Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
512
design of an academic writing course. To
successfully prepare students for professional
communication in their future undertakings,
the course should aim at not only keeping
students abreast of the prevailing structural
organization but also sharpening their
awareness of the impact of diverse sub-
disciplines. As shown, in CV and BM,
Moves P, M, and R are three crucial moves.
Therefore, teachers and students in an
academic writing course should devote
substantial time on these moves. Meanwhile,
as demonstrated, abstract writing is flexible,
allowing authors to employ specific moves
that accommodate space allocated and the
nature of the study.
Caveats are in order. When the datasets
were compiled, a number of factors related to
the abstracts were not considered including
length, research topics, and nationality of the
authors. Finally, this study did not focus on
the linguistic features used to express
individual moves which might be different
across sub-disciplines.
5. Acknowledgement
The compilation of the CV and BM RA
datasets, the source of the abstract datasets,
was supported by the Thailand Research
Fund, Grant No. RSA5080005.
6. References
[1] Huckin, T. N. (2001). Abstracting
from abstracts. In M. Hewings (Ed.),
Academic writing in context. (pp. 93-103).
Birmingham: University of Birmingham
Press.
[2] Cross, C. and Oppenheim, C. (2006).
A genre analysis of scientific abstracts.
Journal of Documentation, vol. 62(4), pp.
428-446.
[3] Swales, J. M. (2004). Research
Genres: Explorations and applications,
Cambridge University Press, New York.
[4] Martin, P. M. (2003). A genre
analysis of English and Spanish research
paper abstracts in experimental social
sciences. English for Specific Purposes, vol.
22(1), pp. 26-43.
[5] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2007).
Rhetorical organizations of research article
introductions in biochemistry and
microbiology. ESP Malaysia, vol. 13, pp. 21-
37.
[6] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2011a).
Reconciling efforts to understand engineering
intellect: Research articles from linguistic
perspective. International Journal of
Business and Technopreneurship, vol. 1(1),
pp. 137-148.
[7] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2011b).
Language of civil engineering Introductions:
Textual structure and linguistic
characterizations. Asian ESP Journal, vol.
7(2), pp. 55-84.
[8] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012a).
Facilitating scholarly publication: Genre
characteristics of English research article
Introductions and Methods. 3L: The
Southeast Asian Journal of English language
Studies, vol. 18(4), pp. 5-19.
[9] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012b).
Structure of research article introductions in
three engineering subdisciplines. The IEEE
Transactions on Professional Communication,
vol. 55(4), pp. 294-309.
[10] Pho, P. D. (2008). Research article
abstracts in applied linguistics and
educational technology: A study of rhetorical
structure and authorial stance. Discourse
Studies, vol. 10, pp. 231-250.
[11] Ĺ auperl, A., Klasinc, J., and LuĹľar, S.
(2008). Components of abstracts: Logical
structure of scholarly abstracts in
pharmacology, sociology, and linguistics and
literature. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology, vol.
59(9), pp. 1420-1432.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5897406c-5422-4e14-aed6-a92889fd3e12-151022082613-lva1-app6892/85/2015-RMUTI-24-320.jpg)
2015.RMUTI
- 1. Institute of Researchand Development Rajamangala University of Technology Isan RMUTI Northeastern Campus 744 Suranarai Road Muang Distric Nakhonratchasima 30000 Thailand Tel.(66) 4423 3063 Fax. (66) 4423 3064 E-mail rdrmuti@gmail.com http://ird.rmuti.ac.th/newweb Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus August 28-30, 2014 Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia RMUTI Journal Special Issue 1 2015 The SixthInternational Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being Institute of Research and Development Rajamangala University of Technology Isan ISSN 1906-215X The Sixth International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being August 28-30, 2014 Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia RMUTIJournalSpecialIssue12015
- 2. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 The Sixth International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) “Innovative & Appropriate Technology for Sustainable Community” August 28-30, 2014 Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia
- 3. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia II The Sixth International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) “Innovative & Appropriate Technology for Sustainable Community” August 28-30, 2014 Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia Organized by:  Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus,Thailand  University of Battambang, Kingdom of Cambodia Co- organized by:  Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University,Thailand  Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University,Thailand  Facaulty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University,Thailand  Faculty of Industrial Techology And Management, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand  Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna,Thailand  Faculty of Engineering And Agro – Industry, Maejo University, Thailand  Gradute School Mahasarakham University,Thailand  Faculty of Environment and Resouce studies, Mahasarakham University,Thailand  National University of Laos
- 4. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 III RMUTI Journal Special Issue 1/2015 Objectives 1. To facilitate knowledge exchange in areas of science, and engineering including all. 2. To provide shared platform for research & development in the field of engineering, sciences, and multidisciplinary fields Criteria of Submission A key focus of this journal is on Science and Technology in the following fields: 1.Engineering 2.Agriculture 3. Multidisciplinary fields of Science and Technology Owner Institute of Research and Development Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. 777 Suranaria Road Muang Distric NakhonRatchasima 30000 Phone:66 4423 3063 Fax:66 4423 3064 E-mail:rdrmuti@gmail.com 2 Issues published per year Issue 1 between January – June Issue 2 between July – December Copyright Manuscript that has been published is copyright of Rmuti journal. The article is the concept of the author not an idea of board of directors, also not the responsibility of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. Printed by Print and Graphic Phone : 66 4391 8176 Mobile: 66 8928 2324 3 Quantity 200 books in 2558
- 5. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia IV AdvisoryEditors Asst.Prof.Dr.Viroj LimkaIsang President Asst.Prof.Dr.Benjapha Sudthapintue Director of Institute of Research and Development Assoc.Prof.Dr.Weerachai Phutdhawong Chair of Forensic program Kasetsart University Peer- Reviewers Prof. Dr.Piamsak Menasveta Chulalongkorn University Prof.Dr.Narongrit Sombatsompop King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Prof.Dr.Onanong Naivikul Kasetsart University Prof.Dr.Pichet Limsuwan King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Prof.Dr.Sutthawat Benjakul Prince of Songkla University Prof.Dr.Paisarn Laosuwan Hatyai University Prof.Dr.Winai Pralompkarn Walailak University Prof. Dr.Peerasak Srinives Kasetsart University Prof.Dr.Somchart Soponronnarit King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Prof.Dr.Metha Wanapat KhonKaen University Prof.emeritusThamrong Prempridi Chulalongkorn University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Kontorn Chamniprasart Suranaree University of Technology Assoc.Prof.Dr.Somporn Chaiya Princess of Naradhiwas University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Supachai Singyabuth Mahasarakham University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sittichai Seangatith Suranaree University of Technology Assoc.Prof.Dr.Parames Chutima Chulalongkorn University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Kanokorn Intrapichet Suranaree University of Technology Assoc.Prof.Dr.Tuanthong Jutagate UbonRatchathani University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Kongsak Thatthong Khon Kaen University Assoc.Prof.Dr.Nirat Soodsang Naresuan University Assoc.Prof.Udomsak Saributr King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Assoc.Prof.Kanjana Tansuwanrat Rajamangala University of Technology Isan
- 6. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 V Editor Dr.Ubon Suripon DeputyDirector of academic section Rajamangala University of Technology Isan AssistantsEditor Miss.Napan Sinthusiri Deputy Director of administrative section Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Editorial Board Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sanun Karnka Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Assoc.Prof.Suwatana Tungsawat Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Assoc.Prof.Thananun Kunpaibut Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Assoc.Prof.Saita Boonchom Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Dr.Ratchaneewan Karnka Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Assoc.Prof.Dr.Pipatana Amatachaya Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Dr.Wichit Suttiporn Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Dr.Kosit Sriputhon Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Dr.Samnao Saowakoon Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Ratree Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof. Ladawan Juajamsai Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Theeraphan Bunyatratchata Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Wanchai Saenkhamvong Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Jitsai Khlongphayaban Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Asst.Prof.Chidchai Saichuae Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Dr.Aniwat Hasook Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Management and Administration division Mr.Boonkit Unpikul Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khon Kaen Campus Dr.Patamaporn Chaikool Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khon Kaen Campus MissNussara Multree Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khon Kaen Campus
- 7. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia VI About STISWB VI The International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB) is organized as a succession of our successful organization of the Science and Technology Symposium for the Mekhong Sub-Region (STESMER). The conference aims at providing a virtual international forum for presentation and discussion of the state-of-the-art research and development as well as to give opportunities for cooperation among participats in various sub-disciplines of engineering. science and technology. The conference also aims to bring together the knowledge of different fields so as to put forward the existing science, technology and innovation into practice in order to ultimately create sustainable well-being to humankind. The previous STISWB Conferences: Date Venue Organize STISWB I July 23-24, 2009 Pullman Raja Orchid Hotel, Khon Kaen, Thailand MSU, Thailand KKU, Thailand UBU, Thailand SUT, Thailand STISWB II Aug 12-15, 2010 Quang Binh University, Vietnam MSU, Thailand QBU, Vietnam STISWB III Aug 12-15, 2011 The University of Danang, Vietnam SU, Thailand UD, Vietnam STISWB IV Aug 10-12, 2012 The Zign Hotel, Pattaya, Thailand KMUTNB, Thailand STISWB V Sep 4-6, 2013 The Grand Luang Prabang Hotel &Resort, Luangprabang, Laos MSU, Thailand Faculty of Engineering, MSU, Thailand Faculty of Engineering, NUOL, Laos Souphanouvong University, Laos This year, the Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Khon Kaen Campus is pleased to announce the holding of the 6th Internation Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB) during 28-30 August 2014. We invite you to submit papers for related topics and to attend the conference in Siem Reap, Cambodia. About STISWB VI Organization Conference Chair: Asst.Prof.Wanchai Saenkhamvong Dean of Faculty of Engineering, RMUTI, Thailand Conference Secretary: Asst.Prof.Dr.Siriwat Wasoontarajaroen Faculty of Engineering, RMUTI, Thailand Dr.Suparerk Charmongkolpradit Faculty of Engineering, RMUTI, Thailand Technical Program Chair: Dr.Narong Srihajong Faculty of Engineering, RMUTI, Thailand
- 8. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 VII STISWB International Organization Committee Prof.Dr.A.J.Ghajar Oklahoma State University, USA Prof.Dr.AliakbarAkbarzadeh RMIT University, Australia Prof.Dr.Masahide Murakami Universityof Tsukuba, Japan Prof.Dr.-Ing.Manfred Groll University of Stuttgart, Germany Prof.Dr.Heiko Gerhauser Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Netherlands Prof.Dr.Hong Zhang Nanjing University of Technology, P.R. China Prof.Dr.Pattrick Keogh University of Bath, United Kingdom Prof.Dr.R.B.Dobson University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Assoc.Prof.Dr.John Morris University of Auckland, New Zealand Prof.Dr.Pradit Terdtoon Chiang Mai University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Nguyen Huynh Phan Quang Binh University ,Vietnam Prof.Dr.Le Kim Hung Danang University of Technology, Vietnam Prof.Dr.Le Thi Hoai Thu Quang Binh University, Vietnam Prof.Dr.Boualinh Soysouvanh National University of Laos STISWB VI Inland Organization Committee Asst.Prof.Dr.Nitipong Soponpongpipat Silaplakorn University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sampan Rittdech Mahasarakham University, Thailand Dr.Niti Kammuang-lue Chiang Mai University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Pracha Yuenyongkul Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Thailand Dr.Sura Tundee Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand Dr.Narong Srihajong Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand STISWB Local Organization Committee Asst.Prof.Dr.Juckamas Laohavanicht Mahasarakham University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Lamul Wiset Mahasarakham University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Nitipong Soponpongpipat Silaplakorn University, Thailand Dr.Nat Thuchayapong Silaplakorn University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Pracha Yeunyongkul Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Thailand Mr.Nuttarut Panananda Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Niti Kammuang-Lue Chiang Mai University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai Chiang Mai University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Khrisadakhon Booddachan King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand Dr.Thanya Parametthanuwat King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand Dr.Narong Srihajong Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand Dr.Sura Tundee Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Numporn Ppanyoyai Maejo University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Thamasit Wongsiriamnuey Maejo University, Thailand
- 9. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia VIII Peer - Reviewers Khon Kaen University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Supunnee Ungpansattawong Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sakda Daduang Assoc.Prof.Ratchaphon Suntivarakorn Assoc.Prof.Kanyarat Holasut Assoc.Prof.Charnnarong Saikaew Asst.Prof.Dr.Chaiyan Junsiri Asst.Prof.Dr.Supachai Patomnakul Asst.Prof.Dr.Sirapat Chiewchanwattana Asst.Prof.Dr.Pairot Moontragoon Asst.Prof.Dr.Prakit Jampachon Asst.Prof.Vanchai Sata Asst.Prof.Chattichai Waisurasinhga Asst.Prof.Thaned Satiennam Asst.Prof.Julaporn Benjapiyaporn Asst.Prof.Chalermchai Pawatana Asst.Prof.Chatchai Benjapiyaporn Asst.Prof.Boonying Charoen Asst.Prof.Panitarn Peerapattana Asst.Prof.Amnart Suksri Dr.Thanaachai Dasri Dr.Nantiwat Pholdee Dr.Witcha Feungchan Dr.Khemajit Sena Dr.Yuvarat Ngernyen Dr.Khamron Sunat Dr.Kitirote Wantala Dr.Kittiwet Khantiyawichai Dr.Chatcharin Sakkampang MaejoUniversity, Thailand Mr.Numporn Panyoyai Mr.Samerkhwan Tantikul Mr.Thanasit Wongsiriamnuey Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Pracha Yeunyongkul Dr.PassawatWatchara dumrongsak Dr.jeerawich narkpakdee Dr.Banjerd Sangjah Dr.Grailard Dornchai Mahasarakham University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sampan Rittidej Assoc.Prof.Anongrit Kangrang Assoc.Prof.Dr.Singthong Pattanasetthanon Asst.Prof.Dr.Bangorn Goompol Asst.Prof.Dr.Bopit Buppachot Asst.Prof.Dr.Juckamas Laohavanich Asst.Prof.Dr.Suphan Yangyuen Asst.Prof.Dr.Keartisak Sriprateep Asst.Prof.Dr.Bopit Buppachot Asst.Prof.Dr.Sudsakorn Intidech Asst.Prof.Dr.Sudsakorn Intidech Asst.Prof.Dr.Apinan Aurasopon Dr.Kittisak Sangsura Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Wirachai Roynarin Asst.Prof.Dr.Boonrit Prasartkaew Dr.Terdkiat Limpiteeprakan Dr.Rapee Kanchana Dr.Jakkree Srinonchat Chiang Mai University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Nivit Charoenchai Asst.Prof.Dr.Korrakot Yaibuathet Asst.Prof.Dr.Uttapol Smutkupt Asst.Prof.Dr.Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai Dr.Niti Kammuang-Lue KasetsartUniversity,ChalermphrakiatSakonNakron Province Campus, Thailand Dr.Yuwadee Saetung
- 10. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 IX UbonRatchathani University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Anirut Matthujak Asst.Prof.Dr.Krit Sriworamas Asst.Prof.Dr.Umpaisak Teeboonma Dr.Nantawatana Weerayuth Burapha University, Thailand Dr.Watcharin Dongbang King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand Dr.Preechar Karin Dr.Winai JaiKra Dr.Thanya Parametthanuwat Silpakorn University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Thosapon Katejanekarn Asst.Prof.Dr.Nitipong Soponpongpipat Asst.Prof.Dr.Teerasak Hudakorn Dr.Nat Thuchayapong Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Pipatana Amatachaya Asst.Prof.Dr.Preecha Khantikomol Asst.Prof.Dr.Bundit Krittacom Asst.Prof.Dr.Wasan Srimuang Asst.Prof.Dr.Narongsak Thammachot Dr.Jittiwat Nithikarnjanatharn Dr.Maitree Polsongkram Dr.Ponthep Vengsungnle Dr.Wannaree Wongtrairat Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Jirapol Klinbun Naresuan University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Piyanun Charoensawan Dr.Thotsaphon Threrujirapapong Pathumwan Institute of Technology, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Panya Minyong Assoc.Prof.Dr.Pongpun Rerkkumsup Assoc.Prof.Dr.Pramot Srinoi Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand Dr.Jarinee Jongpluempiti King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.khridsadakhon Booddachan Asst.Prof.Dr.Sarawuth Chaimool Dr.Cherdpong Chiawchanwattana ChaiyaphumRajabhat University, Thailand Dr.Rungtawan Wiwattanasirikul Thammasat University, Thailand Prof.Dr.Padungsak Rattanadecho Dr.Jarupol Suriyawanakul Mahidol University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Norased Nasongkla Asst.Prof.Dr.Jackrit Suthakorn Dr.Pornpimol Srithongkam
- 11. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia X King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand Dr.Supparerk Boontien Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Ekasit Nisaratanaporn Asst.Prof.Dr.Panit Pujinda Dr.Panyawat Wangyao Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Paphakorn Soonanon Asst.Prof.Dr.Kongpan Areerak Asst.Prof.Dr.Kongpol Areerak Asst.Prof.Dr.PadejPaolaor National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Dr.Amnuaysak Chianpairot Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Kriangkrai Waiyakan Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thailand Dr.Suchada Rianmora Rajamangala University of Technology PhraNakhon, Thailand Dr.Warin Sootkaneung Dr.montree Bunruangses RajabhatMahasarakham University, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Dr.Sittichai Bussaman KhonKaen University, NongKhaiCampus , Thailand Dr.Piyarot Hongsachart UdonThaniRajabhat University, Thailand Asst.Prof.Dr.Wonlop Hemvong Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Dr.Sompong Piriyayon Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning Dr.Thongchai Roachanakanan ENGINEO Ltd.,Part. Dr.Thanad katpradit Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khon KaenCampus, Thailand Assoc.Prof.Laksana Puenchompoo Asst.Prof.Dr.Ada Raimaturapong Asst.Prof.Dr.Sakrawee Raweekul Asst. Prof.Panatchai Chetchotisak Asst.Prof.Dr.Somsak Lekkoksung Asst.Prof.Dr.Sayan Phokate Asst.Prof.Dr.Siriwat Wasoontarajaroen Asst.Prof.Dr.Tayawut Pothongsangarun Asst.Prof.Dr.Sutas Boonchom Asst.Prof.Dr.Wantana Amatariyakul Dr.Charoenchai Ridtirud Mr.Prin Nachaisit Dr.Pongsagorn Poungchompu Dr.Patcharapol Posi Dr.Yanawath Santaladchaivakit Dr.Wichien Sang–aroon
- 12. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 XI Dr.Phanthakan kaewarsa Dr.Ruchanok Tearavarich Dr.Saweth Hongprasit Dr.Paphawin Patcharachotsuthi Dr.Suparerk Charmongkolpradit Dr.Patamaporn Chaikool Dr.Narong Srihajong Mr.Sai Sriyotha Dr.Tinnakorn Poowadin Dr.Sura Tundee Dr.Yupaporn Piriyasilpa Dr.Burana Khaokaew
- 13. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia XII Contents Session Energy Engineering (ENE) ENE-ID025 The Effects of Vertical Blind Controls on Daylighting and Visual 1 Comfort Vichuda Mettanant ENE-ID029 Optimum Green Building Label for Buildings in Thailand 8 Thosapon Katejanekarn ENE-ID035 ENE-ID040 Fishing Vessel Survey of Thailand for Energy Efficiency in Fisheries 15 Kittisak Khuwaranyu Improvement of Air Ventilation in Underground Parking Area by 25 Computational Fluid Dynamics Thibordin Sangsawang ENE-ID044 ENE-ID056 Empirical Models for Predicting of CO and NO Emissions from 30 a Swirling Fluidized-bed Combustor Kasama Sirisomboon The performance study of photovoltaic module set with cooling 36 system and sun reflector Nuchida Suwapaet ENE-ID108 ENE-ID123 Performance test of a horizontal axis wind turbine using cambered 42 airfoil (clark Y) as a blade Tinnakorn Poowadin Performance Evaluation Procedure for a Small Batch-Type Solid 46 Desiccant Dehumidifier Thosapon Katejanekarn ENE-ID145 Control System of a Concentrated Solar Heliostat 55 Boonrit Prasartkaew Session Civil and Water Resource Engineering (CWE) CWE-ID013 Dry compressed lightweight concrete made from recycle block 63 aggregate Patcharapol Posi CWE-ID060 CWE-ID129 CWE-ID142 Improving Rainfall Estimation from TRMM Rainfall using Bias 68 Correction Technique Suban Phonkasi Toward a “GREEN” Sustainable Framework for Community’s 78 Housing in Prachinburi Sumitra Chaiyat The effect of nano silica on compressive strength, sorptivity and 87 ultrasonic pulse velocity of mortars containing bottom ash Chaicharn Chotetanorm CWE-ID179 Effects of Silica Fume and Superplasticizer Contents on Compressive 94 Strength of Reactive Powder Concrete Krit Chaimoon CWE-ID183 Material Nonlinear Analysis Applied to Masonry Structures 98 Sokheng Taing
- 14. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 XIII Session Mechanical Engineering (MEE) MEE-ID034 MEE-ID037 MEE-ID065 MEE-ID075 MEE-ID082 MEE-ID093 MEE-ID097 MEE-ID112 MEE-ID114 MEE-ID117 MEE-ID130 Re-engineering Process to Design of Engine’s Cam 107 Jarut Kunanoppadol Cabinet Air Drying Characteristics of Longan Fruits 114 Thanasit Wongsiriamnuay Experimental study on the thermal performance of thermosyphon 122 heat exchanger for rough rice drying Numpon Panyoyai Design and construction of milling machine controlled by a computer128 Sivapong Phetsong Thermal Performance Investigation of a Trapezoid Corrugated 133 Solar Collector with Internal Baffles Teerasak Hudakorn Temperature Analysis of Dan Kwien Kiln Model with 139 Computational Fluid Dynamics Ponthep Vengsungnle I-shape-two phase closed thermosyphon ; Dimensionless study 144 Thanya Parametthanuwat Steam Boiler Development-En2 Using Firewood for Sterilization of 151 Mushroom Propagation Bag Sopa Cansee The developing a device for controlling heddle weaving for brocade 157 woven Siriluk Wongkasem Experimental investigation of copper nano-ethanol mixture on 162 Closed loop oscillating heat-pipe with check valve (CLOHP/CV) Nipon Bhuwakietkumjohn Design concept of threading machine for tobacco leaves 167 Ranaporn Senasutham MEE-ID135 Effect of thin-layer drying on qualities of granular bio-organic 172 fertilizer Tippawan Prasongsuk Session Mechatronics Engineering (MCE) MCE-ID116 Quality Analysis of Germinated Hang Rice Using Image Processing 175 Jumpol Itsarawisut Session Agricultural, Biological and Food Engineering (ABE) ABE-ID009 Clam Chili Paste Development by Mixture Design 181 Busarin Chongcharoenyanon ABE-ID030 Effect of wheat gluten additions on Hom-Nil rice dough and bread 186 qualities Arpathsra Sangnark ABE-ID031 Drying characteristics of paddy rice dried by hot air drying using 192 biomass gas as fuel and open sun drying method Yardfon Tanongkankit ABE-ID050 Application of Thermosyphon Using as Reducer in LPG Supply Fuel 198 for Small Engine Khridsadakhon Booddachan ABE-ID058 Formulation of jackfruit seed flour based snack chips using mixture 204 design Kullaya Limroongreungrat
- 15. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia XIV ABE-ID067 Effect of different levels of fermented rice on the miso attributes 209 Supaluck Kraithong ABE-ID068 Sajor-caju Mushroom Chopping Machine for Fermented Mushroom 213 Production Process Supachoke Saengswarng ABE-ID079 Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Ultrasonication on Quality of 217 Red Rice Extract Drink Kanokwan Tandee ABE-ID086 Texture profiles of selected KDML 105 rice mutants obtained from 223 using low energy ion beam bombardment Wiwat Wangcharoen ABE-ID089 Factors Affecting Soil Erosion due to Water Runoff through the 229 Vetiver Grass Hedges Planted on Contour Nyanakorn Sutassanamarlee ABE-ID098 Antimicrobial Activities of Waste soup from Bamboo Shoot Boiling 234 Process Sawanit Aichayawanich ABE-ID109 The Effect of Straight Edge Knife to the Bananas Plant Chopping 238 Machine Danuwat Thangdee ABE-ID139 Germinated brown rice drying using infrared radiation followed by 243 hot air Lamul Wiset ABE-ID140 Prediction of variety contamination of Thai paddy "KDML105" in 247 plastic bag using FT-NIRs and fiber-optic probe Panuwat Supprung ABE-ID141 Effect of different drying methods on total phenolic content and 252 antioxidant activity of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) Wichittra Daengprok ABE-ID156 A Simulation of the Solidification of Tubular-Ice in 1-D by 258 Computational Fluid Dynamics for use in the agricultural industry in Thailand. Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ABE-ID157 A Simulation of the Temperature Distribution of Solidification of 267 Tubular Ice in 1-D by Computational Fluid Dynamics for use in the Agricultural Industry in Thailand Nattadon Pannucharoenwong ABE-ID158 The tubular ice of solidification of simulation in 3-D by using the 277 finite volume method for use in the Agricultural Industry in Thailand Nattadon Pannucharoenwong Session Materials Engineering (MTE) MTE-ID010 Phase Transformations of Calcium Carbonate in Blood Cockle Shell 290 Teerawat Laonapakul MTE-ID061 Tunneling conductance of metal/ferromagnetic junctions: Effects of 296 interface spin-orbit coupling Benjamat Srisongmuang Session Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (IME) IME-ID059 The Application of AHP technique in Contractor Selection 303 (Case Study: Tissue Paper Company) Natanaree Sooksaksun
- 16. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 XV IME-ID062 Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Plasticized 308 Poly (lactic acid)-Sisal Fiber Biocomposites Yottha Srithep Session Automotive Engineering (ATE) ATE-ID019 Application of Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe as Engine Radiator 315 Niti Kammuang-lue ATE-ID092 Spray Visualization of GTL-Diesel Fuel Blends in High Pressure 324 Chamber Santosh Paudel Session Computer and Software Engineering (CSE) CSE-ID047 Performance comparison of decomposition methods in multiclass 330 imbalanced datasets Wanthanee Prachuabsupakij CSE-ID110 Grid Transformation for Image Registration and Morphing 336 Porawat Visutsak CSE-ID118 The Development of Mobile Application for Thai Beginners to Learn 341 Japanese Language Oraboot Wuttikamonchai CSE-ID127 Multilingual Dictionary & Phrasebook for Thai-to-ASEAN Languages 346 on Android Smartphone Supeeti Kulchan CSE-ID177 Monitoring System and Greenhouse Control via Internet 352 Sanya Utthayotha CSE-ID193 CSE-ID194 CSE-ID195 A Fingerprint Detection System using WEB CAM 356 Petcharat Pattanasethanon Analytical Comparison of Documents for Information Retrieval 362 Petcharat Pattanasethanon The Plant Disease Image Retrieval System 366 Petcharat Pattanasethanon Session Electrical Engineering (ELE) ELE-ID125 AC Solar Cell using Simple Oscillator Circuit 371 Chonlatee Photong ELE-ID126 A Single Isolated Boost Converter with Modified Dual Interleaved 375 Circuit Chonlatee Photong ELE-ID173 Mathematical Load Modeling based on System Identification of 381 Electrical Energy Consumption of Residential Air-Conditioning for Demand Response Application Jeerawan Saelao Session Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (ETE) ETE-ID016 An all CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference using second-generation 387 Current Conveyor Saweth Hongprasit ETE-ID053 ETE-ID074 BiCMOS Voltage Differencing Inverting Buffered Amplifier (VDIBA) 393 Orapin Channumsin Doubler Frequency Circuit Design Techniques for Voltage/Current 398 Mode Bancha Burapattanasiri
- 17. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia XVI ETE-ID078 Current-mode universal filter using single DVCCTA and all-grounded 404 passive elements Jirapun Pimpol ETE-ID083 A Compact Dual band ACS-Fed Monopole Antenna for WLAN 408 Applications Thana Puklibmoung ETE-ID101 A geological Survey and Monitoring of Faults in Thailand 412 Yupin Suppakhun ETE-ID103 Controlling Inductorless Chua’s circuit using Sliding Mode Control 417 based on Search Suphaphorn Panikhom Session Business Managements Engineering (BME) BME-ID020 Factors influencing consumers' selection of a garage 423 Dechaphan Ratsasanasart BME-ID077 Optimum Sizing of Cooling Coil in Fan Coil Unit for Chiller System 428 Application by Thermo-economics Analysis Nat Thuchayapong BME-ID084 BME-ID137 Cost Model of Subsidization of Gasifier Stove and Biomass Fuels for 433 Community Weeranut Intagun Tourism Military Management: Case Study of Chulachomklao Royal 439 Military Academy in Nakhon Nayok Province Prahuschai Ramart BME-ID171 Construction of Crimping Machine for Automobile Air Conditioning 444 System Kuson Samutkotcharin Session Renewable Science Technology (RST) RST-ID015 Utilization of Defatted Rice Bran as a Filler for Cellular Natural Rubber 451 Darinya Moonchai RST-ID021 Composites from Biomass Using Natural Rubber Latex as a Binder 458 Philaiwan Pornprasit RST-ID051 Carbon footprint analysis of cassava Cultivation in Sakaeo and 464 PrachinBuri Provinces Thanutyot Somjai RST-ID052 Carbon Footprint of Sugarcane Cultivation in Sakaeo and Prachinburi 469 Provinces Chalita Suwan RST-ID149 The Transmittance of Direct Irradiance due to Absorption by 476 Precipitable Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Sayan Phokate Session Engineering Education (EED) EED-ID124 Analysis of Needs and Expert’s Opinions on the Competency Required 480 of Computer Job Category for Work Integrated Learning (WiL) in Higher Education Kitchar Chaithanu EED-ID172 A Voice Enabled Weight Apparatus on Practice for the Northern School 486 for the Blind under the Patronage of the Queen Upady Hatthasin Cassava
- 18. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 XVII EED-ID175 Development of the Master Plan for Sustainable and Livable Campus: 490 A Case Study of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, KhonKaen Campus Ada Raimaturapong EED-ID180 The Model of Democracy Promotion by Using Corporate Culture of 502 Student Council in the Secondary School in Esan Nongkran Anukul Session Other fields and Rrelated Topics (OFT) OFT-ID024 Structural Organization of Research Article Abstracts: Civil and 507 Biomedical Engineering Budsaba Kanoksilapatham
- 19. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 507 Structural Organization of Research Article Abstracts: Civil and Biomedical Engineering Budsaba Kanoksilapatham1* 1 English Department, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000 *Corresponding Author: kanoksib@hotmail.com, 66-818584403, 66-34255794, English Department, Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand Abstract It is acknowledged that research articles are a common channel of communication and dissemination of knowledge among scholars. Of all the sections in research articles, abstracts play a distinctly pivotal role, determining the acceptance, or rejection, of article publication at the initial stage. Moreover, abstracts facilitate the task of information retrieval by capturing major highlights of the articles. Even though there seems to be a general structural organization prevailing in abstracts, it remains to be investigated if abstracts from different sub-disciplines associated with a single academic field display variation in their structural organization. To address this question, first, two sizable datasets representing two sub-disciplines of civil and biomedical engineering were compiled. Subsequently, the datasets were analyzed by genre analysis to identify the “moves” which made up the abstracts. Although the two datasets generally showed a common structural organization of the same set of moves, they displayed significant differences, particularly with regard to the frequent use of certain moves in certain sub-disciplines. The variation identified is possibly attributed to the inherent nature and expectations of each sub-discipline. This study bears crucial pedagogical implications towards the development and design of an academic writing course. To successfully prepare students for professional communication in their future undertakings, the course should aim at not only keeping students abreast of the prevailing structural organization but also sharpening their awareness of the impact of diverse sub-disciplines. Keywords: abstract; biomedical engineering; civil engineering; structural organization. 1. Introduction It is acknowledged that research articles (RAs) are one of the common channels of communication and dissemination of knowledge among scholars across disciplines. Of all the sections typically found in RAs, abstracts are one of the most important. First, abstracts play a distinctly pivotal role, determining the acceptance or rejection of article publication at the initial stage [1]. Moreover, abstracts facilitate the task of information retrieval by capturing major highlights of the articles [2]. Finally, the availability of abstracts expedites the dissemination of knowledge and discoveries. English has attained the status of the primary language for international communication in business, education, and tourism. Scholars from different linguistic backgrounds are compelled to engage in their academic activities in English. As a result, scholars are pushed to publish in international journals for their academic growth and success. Scholars who are not English native speakers find the task of writing successful abstracts daunting and challenging.
- 20. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia 508 Swales’ genre analysis [3] has provided scholars a tool to embark on the task of writing RAs, especially to begin with the introduction section of RAs. Precisely, genre analysis considers that a text type is structurally constructed, consisting of text segments for particular communicative functions. The implementation of genre analysis analyzing the introduction section has been extended to other RA sections, including the RA abstract section. Genre- based studies have congruently shown that each text type generally shares a structural organization. At this juncture, it should be noted that despite a multitude of studies adopting genre analysis as a theoretical framework, the application of the framework seems to display certain weaknesses in several ways. For instance, the datasets analyzed can be rather small. To be precise, for instance, Cross and Oppenheim analyzed a set of only 12 abstracts [2], possibly resulting in limited generalization of the findings. Additionally, the selection of the texts to be analyzed was not systematic or objective. To elaborate, for instance, in another study, 80 abstracts were randomly selected from “two leading international journals in the field of experimental phonetics and experimental psychology” [4]. In this particular study, without specific criteria regarding the journal selection and the absence of evidence justifying the status of the journals, it remains to be questionable whether the journals selected do actually represent leading international ones as claimed by the author. Therefore, in order to finally obtain a valid description of both the structure and organization of the texts analyzed, these two limitations, among other factors, need to be addressed by subsequent studies. Despite some pertinent problems related to the dataset selection and compilation, genre-based studies are illuminating, providing insight into how RA texts are written in different disciplines. For instance, a number of studies across disciplines reveal that the abstract genre in general seems to be made up of a number of moves. However, disciplinary variation is discernible [5] - [11]. At this point, based on previous genre- based studies [5] – [11], despite a general structural organization prevailing in RA abstracts, it remains to be investigated if abstracts from different sub-disciplines associated with a single discipline display variation in their structural organization. The field of engineering thus provides an initial impetus for this study. As known, Engineering is a well-established discipline, encapsulating a substantial number of sub- disciplines. In this paper, the abstracts of two engineering sub-disciplines were analyzed using genre analysis: civil engineering (CV) and biomedical engineering (BM). These two sub-disciplines are quite distinct in their nature, focus, and history. Therefore, it is interesting to examine whether the two sub- disciplines are similar or different as far as the abstract texts are concerned. The differences identified by genre analysis potentially highlight the impact of sub- disciplines on how the abstract texts are written. The findings are pedagogically beneficial to prepare novice scholars for academic pursuits in their respective sub- disciplines. 2. Methods To address the question whether the abstracts of different engineering sub- disciplines share the same structural organization, two sizable datasets representing CV and BM were compiled. To assure the abstracts represent those from high quality journals of the sub-disciplines, the five journals with the top impact factors of each sub-discipline were identified. From each journal, 12 abstracts were systematically selected to evenly distribute the entire publication year. In short, 60 abstracts from each sub-discipline were compiled. At this juncture, it should be noted that the dataset compilation did not take into consideration the length of the abstracts, the focus of the research presented, the nature of the studies, and the nationality of the author(s). Subsequently, the two datasets were analyzed by genre analysis to identify the structural organization consisting of “moves”
- 21. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 509 or text segments which perform communicative functions. The move frequencies across the two sub-disciplines were compared and contrasted, with regard to the move sequence and the frequencies of occurrence of individual moves. Finally, multiple t-tests were conducted to identify whether there were significant differences in the move frequencies across the datasets. 3. Results The analysis revealed that the abstracts in CV and BM consist of a maximum of five moves: Background (B), Purpose (P), Methods (M), Results (R), and Discussion (D). The labels of the moves reflect their principal communicative functions. To illustrate, the two abstracts below from CV and BM, respectively, consist of five moves. The demarcation of the abstracts into moves is marked by // with the names of the moves assigned, and the linguistic features signaling the moves are highlighted in bold. The sentences in the abstracts are numbered (e.g., S1, S2, S3) for the ease of reference. Here is the example from CV: Move B (S1) Few case studies are available on stream water quality monitoring during road construction, especially in highly protected watersheds. (S2) Recent reconstruction of two tunnels and approach roads in the great smoky mountains national park potentially could have impacted the adjacent stream due to sediment and acid- generating geology.// Move P (S3) To determine whether impact occurred,// Move M grab and passive sampling were conducted at stream sites above and below each construction area before, during and after construction. (S4) Performance of individual structural best management practises (BMPs) was also monitored. // Move R (S5) Due to the small disturbance area, the results showed that tunnel reconstruction had no statistical impact on stream water quality based on comparison of upstream and downstream pH and suspended solids. (S6) Surprisingly, median suspended solids concentrations for the stream sampling locations were lowest during construction, // Move D ostensibly because construction occurred in winter when the ground was frozen. (S7) Differences in stream pH and water quality between construction and pre and post construction phases were attributed to normal seasonal variation. (S8) BMP performance was mixed; the efficiency of check dams was dependent upon their ability to pond water. As shown, the abstract from CV displays a set of five moves. Now consider the next abstract from BM, which also displays a set of five moves. Move B (S1) It is commonly accepted that locomotor-related neuronal circuitry resides in the lumbosacral spinal cord. (S2) Phramacological agents, epidural electrical stimulation, and sensory stimulation can be used to activate these intrinsic networks in in vitro neonatal and in vivo cat preparations.// Move P (S3) In this study, we investigated the use of low-level tonic intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) as a means of activating spinal locomotor networks in adult cats with complete spinal transections.// Move M (S4) Trains of low-amplitude electrical pulses were delivered to the spinal cord via groups of fine microwires implanted in the ventral horns of the lumbosacral enlargement.// Move R (S5) In contrast to published reports, tonic ISMS applied through microwires in the caudal regions of the lumbosacral enlargement (L7-S1) was more effective in eliciting alternating movements in the hindlimbs than stimulation in the rostral regions.// Move D (S6) Possible mechanisms of action of tonic ISMS include depolarization of locally oscillating networks in the lumbosacral cord, backfiring of primary afferents, or activation of propriospinal neurons. As demarcated above, both abstracts congruently begin with Move B (Background), establishing current and common knowledge of the topic as signaled by the verb of state (are) and the extra-posed it construction (It is accepted that) in CV and BM, respectively. However, in some abstracts, this move can perform the function of claiming the significance of the topic. In short, it can be claimed that Move B, if used, occupies the initial position of the abstract,
- 22. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia 510 and it functions to situate the research within the scientific community. Following Move B is Move P (Purpose), in which a purposive statement is expressed using the phrases beginning with infinitive to verb clause (To determine whether) in CV and the deictic expression (this study), the pronoun (we), and the verb (investigated) in BM. Then, Move M (Methods) describes methodological procedures employed in the studies, being recognized by the passive construction: were conducted and was monitored in CV and were delivered in BM. Next is Move R (Results), in which the findings are presented. As shown, in CV, this move is signaled by the clause the results showed that. However, in BM, the result was compared with that generated from previous studies and was found to be more effective. Finally, both abstracts conclude with Move D (Discussion). In CV, this move provides explanatory accounts to the findings, as recognized by the key words because and were attributed to. Similarly, Move D in BM identifies potential mechanisms responsible for the finding by using the hedging device of possible. The two exemplified abstracts from CV and BM display the use of five constituent moves. However, this does not imply that all of the 120 abstracts analyzed in this study follow the five move sequence. Variation can be observed including the frequency of individual moves, the sequence of the moves, and also the use of linguistic features. The following section presents two textual examples of individual moves from the two abstract datasets, CV and BM, respectively. Linguistic features indicating the functions of moves are highlighted, justifying their communicative functions. 3.1 Move Background (B) (1) Intelligent vision-based traffic surveillance systems are assuming an increasingly important role in highway monitoring and road management schemes. (2) Three-dimensional (3-D) recording of the surface of the human body or anatomical areas has gained importance in many medical specialties. Thus, it is important to determine scanner precision and accuracy in defined medical applications and to establish standards for the recording procedure. Based on the two excerpts, Move B congruently situates the studies being presented by claiming the importance of the research topics. Consequently, the highlighted words are those conveying the importance of the topics, be they important (an adjective) or importance (a noun). 3.2 Move Purpose (P) (3) Real-time identification of freeway segments with high crash potential is addressed in this study. (4) The study was designed to determine whether the novel spatial geometry of macroporous condensed poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (cPTFE) favorably affects the in vivo repair process. Move P states the objective of the study. Lexical items used to serve this function include the words addressed and to determine. As shown, the deictic expression this study is used to indicate specifically the objective of the study. Additionally, Move P can state the research question being addressed by the current study by the word whether. 3.3 Move Methods (M) (5) Experiments were conducted using two different nozzles and three tail-water depths. (6) The impedance of the electrode interface was monitored for changes due to insertion as well as repetitive delivery of current pulses. Move M describes the methodology adopted by the study. The function of this move is realized by the use of research activity verbs (were conducted and was monitored) in past tense and passive voice. Moreover, the use of jargon terms in the field is prevalent in this move, including nozzles and three tail-water depths in CV; and impedance, electrode interface, and current pulses in BM. 3.4 Move Results (R) (7) We show that a relatively small number of such salient geometric features characterizes the surface well for various similarity applications.
- 23. RMUTI Journal SpecialIssue 1 2015 511 (8) For all markers but bite acids, the single-treatment as well as the overall treatment phrase reduction ratios obtained with PROM were significantly higher compared with those obtained with MARS. In (7), the pronoun we and the verb show are used to state the result in CV. In BM, the results are not only presented but also compared (were significantly higher). 3.5 Move Discussion (D) (9) Potential applications include video editing, surveillance summarization, assembly instructions, composition of graphic novels, and illustration of camera technique for film studies. (10) Collectively, these results provide insight into the potential mechanisms responsible for the particulate activation of osteoblast chemoskine expression. As shown, Move D in both CV and BM, respectively, suggest practical applications (potential applications and provide insight into) of the results of the studies. In summary, genre analysis conducted on 120 abstracts revealed that the set of five moves, if all occur, are likely to be in the sequence of B-P-M-R-D across the two sub- disciplines. The opening move is Move B. Move P, if used, is found after Move B, but before Move M. Finally, Move D is usually a closing move and follows Move R. Not all abstracts display the use of five moves. That is, some moves are more frequent than the others. Therefore, to investigate how stable each move was in each dataset, their frequencies of occurrence were recorded. Finally, to compare whether the two datasets display significant preferences for particular moves, multiple t-tests were conducted on the frequencies of individual moves across the sub-disciplines. The results are summarized in the following table. For the frequencies of occurrence, all five moves were used more frequently in BM than in CV. Multiple t-test results suggested that the frequencies of the five moves across the datasets are significantly different (p > .001). That is, every move in BM was significantly more frequent than in CV. Certain similarities across the two sub-disciplines emerge. Based on the numbers presented in the table, the two datasets are congruent with regard to their preference of Move M and Move R. Both have the highest frequencies of occurrence over 90%. Move P is illuminating, demonstrating its substantial preference in BM (about 83%), but not in CV (only about 68%). In addition, Move B and Move D are the least preferred moves. That is, Move B was used in 60 and 70% of occurrence in CV and BM, respectively. Similarly, the next least frequent move is Move D, with 67 and 78% in CV and BM. In short, the findings suggest disciplinary preference in each sub-discipline. Table. 1 Frequencies of individual moves Move Frequency, N=60 (Percentage) SD p value CV BM CV BM B 36 (60.00) 42 (70.00) .494 .462 p>.001 P 41 (68.33) 50 (83.33) .469 .376 p>.001 M 56 (93.33) 59 (98.33) .252 .129 p>.001 R 55 (91.67) 60 (100.00) .279 .000 p>.001 D 40 (66.67) 47 (78.33) .475 .415 p>.001 4. Discussion and conclusion Although the two datasets generally display a common structural organization of five moves, they reveal certain significant differences. The significant variation in the frequencies of occurrence across the dataset is possibly attributed to the inherent nature and expectations of each sub-discipline. As shown, among the three moves in the two datasets (Moves M, R, and P), Move P in BM is relatively much more frequent, compared with that of CV. An explanation to this finding is that BM is a hybrid field of engineering and medicine, focusing on inventing devices that help improve human life quality. In BM, human lives are at stake. Therefore, in a BM experiment, the purposes must be explicitly stated so that stakeholders are aware of possible unpleasant and unexpected outcomes. This study bears crucial pedagogical implications towards the development and
- 24. The 6 th International Conferenceon Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Well-Being (STISWB VI 2014) August 28-30 2014, Apsara Angkor Resort & Conference, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia 512 design of an academic writing course. To successfully prepare students for professional communication in their future undertakings, the course should aim at not only keeping students abreast of the prevailing structural organization but also sharpening their awareness of the impact of diverse sub- disciplines. As shown, in CV and BM, Moves P, M, and R are three crucial moves. Therefore, teachers and students in an academic writing course should devote substantial time on these moves. Meanwhile, as demonstrated, abstract writing is flexible, allowing authors to employ specific moves that accommodate space allocated and the nature of the study. Caveats are in order. When the datasets were compiled, a number of factors related to the abstracts were not considered including length, research topics, and nationality of the authors. Finally, this study did not focus on the linguistic features used to express individual moves which might be different across sub-disciplines. 5. Acknowledgement The compilation of the CV and BM RA datasets, the source of the abstract datasets, was supported by the Thailand Research Fund, Grant No. RSA5080005. 6. References [1] Huckin, T. N. (2001). Abstracting from abstracts. In M. Hewings (Ed.), Academic writing in context. (pp. 93-103). Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press. [2] Cross, C. and Oppenheim, C. (2006). A genre analysis of scientific abstracts. Journal of Documentation, vol. 62(4), pp. 428-446. [3] Swales, J. M. (2004). Research Genres: Explorations and applications, Cambridge University Press, New York. [4] Martin, P. M. (2003). A genre analysis of English and Spanish research paper abstracts in experimental social sciences. English for Specific Purposes, vol. 22(1), pp. 26-43. [5] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2007). Rhetorical organizations of research article introductions in biochemistry and microbiology. ESP Malaysia, vol. 13, pp. 21- 37. [6] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2011a). Reconciling efforts to understand engineering intellect: Research articles from linguistic perspective. International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship, vol. 1(1), pp. 137-148. [7] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2011b). Language of civil engineering Introductions: Textual structure and linguistic characterizations. Asian ESP Journal, vol. 7(2), pp. 55-84. [8] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012a). Facilitating scholarly publication: Genre characteristics of English research article Introductions and Methods. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English language Studies, vol. 18(4), pp. 5-19. [9] Kanoksilapatham, B. (2012b). Structure of research article introductions in three engineering subdisciplines. The IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, vol. 55(4), pp. 294-309. [10] Pho, P. D. (2008). Research article abstracts in applied linguistics and educational technology: A study of rhetorical structure and authorial stance. Discourse Studies, vol. 10, pp. 231-250. [11] Ĺ auperl, A., Klasinc, J., and LuĹľar, S. (2008). Components of abstracts: Logical structure of scholarly abstracts in pharmacology, sociology, and linguistics and literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 59(9), pp. 1420-1432.