The document summarizes how internet traffic has grown exponentially over time, increasing from a small number of static pages to supporting a vast array of bandwidth-intensive services like video streaming. It describes how traffic management techniques are needed to prioritize time-sensitive data like phone calls and ensure quality of service for users. Looking to the future, it predicts that innovative new applications will require more robust traffic management to deliver an optimal user experience across all services.
Bandwidth Management Solutions for Network Operatorsipoque
Bandwidth management using deep packet inspection (DPI) is a relatively new field for network operators. This white paper uses a challenge-solution approach to explain how this technology can help to solve many of the issues that arise from growing user numbers generating ever more traffic with a large variety of new applications. The challenges are illustrated with real-world numbers taken from ipoque's Internet Study 2007. A selection of possible solutions helps network operators to pick the most ap- propriate ones based on their specific requirements.
Bandwidth Management Solutions for Network Operatorsipoque
Bandwidth management using deep packet inspection (DPI) is a relatively new field for network operators. This white paper uses a challenge-solution approach to explain how this technology can help to solve many of the issues that arise from growing user numbers generating ever more traffic with a large variety of new applications. The challenges are illustrated with real-world numbers taken from ipoque's Internet Study 2007. A selection of possible solutions helps network operators to pick the most ap- propriate ones based on their specific requirements.
A Business Guide to MPLS IP VPN Migration: Five Critical FactorsXO Communications
Multi-Protocol Label Switching Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network, or MPLS IP VPN, refers to a VPN service enabled over a trusted provider’s private MPLS core backbone. It delivers the flexibility of an IP service with the essential service quality, performance, and security previously available only with legacy technologies. Other benefits include cost-effective security, any-to-any connectivity, Quality of Service, scalable bandwidth, and a platform for convergence.
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
A COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION TO CLOUD TRAFFIC TRIBULATIONSijwscjournal
Cloud computing is generally believed to the most gifted technological revolution in computing and it will soon become an industry standard. It is believed that cloud will replace the traditional office setup. However a big question mark exists over the network performance when the cloud traffic explodes. We
call it “explosion” as in future we know that various cloud services replacing desktop computing will be accessed via cloud and the traffic increases exponentially. This journal aims at addressing some of these doubts better called “dangers” about the network performance, when cloud becomes a standard globally and providing a comprehensive solution to those problems. Our study concentrates on, that despite of offering better round-trip times and throughputs, cloud appears to consistently lose large amounts of the data that it is required to send to the clients. In this journal, we give a concise survey on the research efforts in this area. Our survey findings show that the networking research community has converged to the common understanding that a measurement infrastructure is insufficient for the optimal operation and future growth of the cloud. Despite many proposals on building an network measurement infrastructure from the research community, we believe that it will not be in the near future for such an
infrastructure to be fully deployed and operational, due to both the scale and the complexity of the network. We also suggest a set of technologies to identify and manage cloud traffic using IP header DS field, QoS protocols, MPLS/IP Header Compression, Use of high speed edge routers and cloud traffic flow measurement. In the solution DS Field of IP header will be used to recognize the cloud traffic separately, QOS protocols provide the cloud traffic, the type of QOS it requires by allocating resources and marking cloud traffic identification. Further the MPLS/IP Header Compression is performed so that the traffic can pass through the existing network efficiently and speedily. The solution also suggests deployment of high speed edge routers to improve network conditions and finally it suggest to measure the traffic flow using meters for better cloud network management. Our solutions assume that cloud is being assessed via basic public network.
For more discussions and topics around Service Providers, please visit our SP Community: http://cisco.com/go/serviceprovidercommunity
Download the full PDF report here: https://communities.cisco.com/docs/DOC-37834
VNNIC Internet Conference 2022: The Future of the InternetAPNIC
APNIC Chief Scientist Geoff Huston presents on the future of the Internet at the inaugural VNNIC Internet Conference, held from 22 to 25 June in Da Nang, Viet Nam.
APNIC Chief Scientist Geoff Huston presents on Future network needs and what's driving change at the 38th TWNIC OPM, held on 1 December 2022 in Taipei.
A Business Guide to MPLS IP VPN Migration: Five Critical FactorsXO Communications
Multi-Protocol Label Switching Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network, or MPLS IP VPN, refers to a VPN service enabled over a trusted provider’s private MPLS core backbone. It delivers the flexibility of an IP service with the essential service quality, performance, and security previously available only with legacy technologies. Other benefits include cost-effective security, any-to-any connectivity, Quality of Service, scalable bandwidth, and a platform for convergence.
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
A COMPREHENSIVE SOLUTION TO CLOUD TRAFFIC TRIBULATIONSijwscjournal
Cloud computing is generally believed to the most gifted technological revolution in computing and it will soon become an industry standard. It is believed that cloud will replace the traditional office setup. However a big question mark exists over the network performance when the cloud traffic explodes. We
call it “explosion” as in future we know that various cloud services replacing desktop computing will be accessed via cloud and the traffic increases exponentially. This journal aims at addressing some of these doubts better called “dangers” about the network performance, when cloud becomes a standard globally and providing a comprehensive solution to those problems. Our study concentrates on, that despite of offering better round-trip times and throughputs, cloud appears to consistently lose large amounts of the data that it is required to send to the clients. In this journal, we give a concise survey on the research efforts in this area. Our survey findings show that the networking research community has converged to the common understanding that a measurement infrastructure is insufficient for the optimal operation and future growth of the cloud. Despite many proposals on building an network measurement infrastructure from the research community, we believe that it will not be in the near future for such an
infrastructure to be fully deployed and operational, due to both the scale and the complexity of the network. We also suggest a set of technologies to identify and manage cloud traffic using IP header DS field, QoS protocols, MPLS/IP Header Compression, Use of high speed edge routers and cloud traffic flow measurement. In the solution DS Field of IP header will be used to recognize the cloud traffic separately, QOS protocols provide the cloud traffic, the type of QOS it requires by allocating resources and marking cloud traffic identification. Further the MPLS/IP Header Compression is performed so that the traffic can pass through the existing network efficiently and speedily. The solution also suggests deployment of high speed edge routers to improve network conditions and finally it suggest to measure the traffic flow using meters for better cloud network management. Our solutions assume that cloud is being assessed via basic public network.
For more discussions and topics around Service Providers, please visit our SP Community: http://cisco.com/go/serviceprovidercommunity
Download the full PDF report here: https://communities.cisco.com/docs/DOC-37834
VNNIC Internet Conference 2022: The Future of the InternetAPNIC
APNIC Chief Scientist Geoff Huston presents on the future of the Internet at the inaugural VNNIC Internet Conference, held from 22 to 25 June in Da Nang, Viet Nam.
APNIC Chief Scientist Geoff Huston presents on Future network needs and what's driving change at the 38th TWNIC OPM, held on 1 December 2022 in Taipei.
APNIC Training Delivery Manager for SEA and SA, Shane Hermoso, presents on the importance of peering and IXPs at the Women in Networking series on 17 November 2021
Great slides about factors to consider when looking at migrating to MPLS. OnCall Telecom can help with all your migration and design concerns and handle your migration from order to implementation. Contact us today to discuss your organization's needs!
18CS52 VTU Computer Network & Security
MODULE 1-Part 1
Principles of Network Applications: Network Application Architectures, Processes Communicating, Transport Services Available to Applications, Transport Services Provided by the Internet, Application-Layer Protocols. The Web and HTTP: Overview of HTTP, Non-persistent and Persistent Connections, HTTP Message Format, User-Server Interaction: Cookies, Web Caching, The Conditional GET, File Transfer: FTP Commands & Replies, Electronic Mail in the Internet: SMTP, Comparison with HTTP, Mail Message Format, Mail Access Protocols
Slides for protocol layering and network applicationsjajinekkanti
why and how Protocol layering is done in TCP/IP protocol suite, how multiplexing and demultiplexing can be done in different protocol layers in TCP\IP.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Cable Europe factsheet - Internet and traffic management
1. THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
From an internet initially based on static information, with
very low data traffic and a limited user base, surfing the
web became just one option within a myriad of new oppor-
tunities. The number of users has increased beyond every
prediction as have the number and variety of possible ser-
vices. The result is a global tsunami of data traffic generated
and delivered every second of every day.
17 500
0
35 000
52 500
70 000
Petabytes*
* A unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024 terabytes
Source: CISCO, Virtual Network Index
Billion
1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
0.75
1.5
2.25
3
17 500
0
35 000
52 500
70 000
Petabytes*
* A unit of computer memory or data storage capacity equal to 1,024 terabytes
Source: CISCO, Virtual Network Index
Source: CISCO, Virtual Network Index
Billion
1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
1994 1999 2004 2009 2014
0
0.75
1.5
2.25
3
The vital role played by the internet in our daily lives is
well recognised. Its impact is felt at every level, be it social,
political or economic. And the vast majority of what the
internet has brought us has been to our enormous bene-
fit. It has enriched our lives in ways that the early internet
visionaries could never have predicted.
Global Increase in Internet UsersGlobal Growth in Data Traffic
1
2. THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
Amount of data
Very
time sensitive
Not
time sensitive
Video
streaming
Online
gaming
VoIP
call
Online
shopping
Email
services
Data Consumption vs. Time Sensitivity
As the above graphic shows, the issue isn’t just about sheer
volume. The internet is also highly interactive today, which
brings with it a new dimension of time sensitivity. Time
sensitive services are more and more the norm, and time
sensitive data cannot be handled in the same way as other
traffic on the internet. As a consequence, the internet eco-
system continually needs to evolve to accommodate and
facilitate these new service requirements.
2
3. The name internet stands for“Interconnected Network”.
That’s what the internet is: a huge network of networks
with millions of computers and devices interconnected and
sharing content.
Each and every service using the internet as its delivery
platform follows the same fundamental rules which have
underpinned internet delivery from the beginning.
There are two concepts underpinning the functioning of
today’s internet: protocols and packets. Protocols work as
the agreed language that every device connected to the
internet uses to communicate and be understood. The most
commonly used protocol is the TCP-IP (Transfer Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol).
HOW DOES THE INTERNET WORK?
Transfer Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
1 2
www.cable-europe.eu
End User’s
Internet
Service
Provider Website
Hosting
Service
Provider
Domain
Name
Server
The Common Language of Computers
Example: End user journey to Cable Europe’s website
3 After the ISP gets this numeric address, a new request is sent to
a router that can reach Cable Europe’s website hosting service
provider.
4 After receiving this request, Cable Europe’s server sends the
content to the user.
This process takes around one second in real time.
1 The user types cable-europe.eu on the web browser. By pressing
enter, the user launches a highly complex process of information
exchange.
2 The ISP sends this request to a domain server that translates the
web address into an IP address using a predetermined format
of numbers, eg. http://www.cable-europe.eu is translated into
http://85.255.199.51
THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
Transfer Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
1 2
www.cable-europe.eu
End User’s
Internet
Service
Provider Website
Hosting
Service
Provider
Domain
Name
Server
The Common Language of Computers
Example: End user journey to Cable Europe’s website
1
2
3
4
3
4. D A
T A
D A
D A T A
End user ServerInternet nodesInternet
Service
Provider
Internet
Service
Provider
D
A
T
A
D A T A
D A
T A
D A T A D A T A
Sender RecepientInternet nodesInternet
Service
Provider
Internet
Service
Provider
D A T A
D
A
T
A
The Journey of Data
Because sending all the information contained in a given
communication simultaneously could slow down delivery,
internet engineers created what is called packet switch-
ing, which is the dividing of all data which is sent over
the internet into small packets. This efficient process sends
each packet of a given data file such as an email or a video
individually through the internet, allowing them to travel at
high speed and then regrouping them at the destination.
Of course, this is only possible due to the classification
method that identifies each packet individually as part of
the original data file sent.
These two systems of protocols and packets are crucial to
the functioning of today’s internet – and vital to the contin-
ued growth of ever more innovative services.
THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
4
5. Over time, many services which were previously delivered
over distinct platforms have migrated to the internet. One of
the many examples of this migration is the TV Everywhere
concept, through which consumers enjoy not only an ever
growing variety of content but also the convenience of
viewing their preferred programming wherever there is an
internet connection. So, the internet of today has flourished
into a multiuse platform where a huge variety of profes-
sional and recreational content is created and shared. In
this context, and bearing in mind the complexity of time
and volume sensitivities set out above, we can immediately
understand that the demands upon the network in order to
deliver reliable services are growing exponentially. We can
THE ROLE OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTConnection OK
Connection KO
• Good streaming
• Quick navigation
• High definition
• Stream not loading
• Slow navigation
• Pixellation occurs
• Quick navigation
• Good connections
• Real time action
• Slow navigation
• Unstable connection
• Gameplay freezes
• No noise
• Good quality
• No delay
• Noisy
• Broken conversations
• Delay
• Quick navigation
• Good shopping
experience
• Happy customers
• Swift reception of mails • Mails may be delayed
• Slow navigation
• Unpleasant shopping
experience
• Disatisfied customers
The Role of Traffic Management in Quality of Service
illustrate the role played by traffic management by using the
five examples of different service types referred to above,
ie video streaming, online gaming,VoIP call, online shopping
and email services.
In all of these examples, traffic management is needed to
varying degrees to overcome problems such as congestion
and packet loss – both of which have an immediate impact
on the end user. For example, during peak usage times
traffic management can ensure that data packets which
are time sensitive (voice call or a video) are prioritised over
data packets that are less time sensitive (an email or web
browsing).
THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
5
6. The internet has had an extraordinary evolution to date,
and is still a very dynamic environment. Many new, innova-
tive services and applications will unquestionably emerge
in the future. Some services will require an end to end qual-
ity that an internet connection of today – when it is subject
to only very limited traffic management measures – will not
be able to deliver. Services which have great potential
– online high definition video conferencing or telemedicine –
will not fulfil customers’expectations because the quality
is not sufficient. End to end quality can be assured if these
services, which are known as specialised services, are
subject to specific /continuous traffic management. Traffic
management in this case responds to the individual cus-
tomer’s specific needs and can be applied by ISPs or at the
request of a third party such as a web service provider.
The ingredients for the onward development towards as yet
undreamed of uses for the internet are there: the technolo-
gy is in place, the consumer appetite undiminished, and the
commercial and creative innovators know no bounds.
Alongside the ongoing upgrade and innovation within the
networks sits the parallel requirement of smart, transparent
and appropriate management of traffic. These are crucial
keys in continuing to unlock the future potential of the
World Wide Web.
How internet savvy are you? Here’s our quick guide.
What you might think the internet is
End user Content
Provider
Internet BackboneInternet
Service
Provider
What the internet really is
A
B
End user
Content
Provider
Internet Backbone
Internet
Service
Provider
Local copy
in Cache Server
1
2
What you might think the internet is
End user Content
Provider
Internet BackboneInternet
Service
Provider
What the internet really is
A
B
A
B
End user
Content
Provider
Internet Backbone
Internet
Service
Provider
Local copy
in Cache Server
Direct Peering
1
2
3
THE ROLE OF SPECIALISED SERVICES
THE INTERNET OF THE FUTURE
AND FINALLY
Avenue des Arts, 41 • 1040 Brussels, Belgium • T: +32 2 521 17 63 • F: +32 2 521 79 76
E: info@cable-europe.eu • www.cable-europe.eu
• A represents the section of the data journey where the ISPs apply traffic management
This is sometimes referred to as the“ISP leg”or the“last mile”
• B represents the wider internet ecosystem
• 1, 2 and 3 are alternative data routes, deployed by content providers
THE INTERNET AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
A CABLE EUROPE FACTSHEET
6