HLEG thematic workshop on Economic Insecurity, Lars Osberg, presenterStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Economic Insecurity, 4 March 2016, New York, United States. More information at: http://oecd/hleg-workshop-on-economic-insecurity-2016
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectChildren and YoutAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Children and Youth Services Review
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth
Service needs of children exposed to domestic violence: Qualitative findings
from a statewide survey of domestic violence agencies☆
Kristen A. Berg1, Anna E. Bender, Kylie E. Evans, Megan R. Holmes⁎, Alexis P. Davis2,
Alyssa L. Scaggs, Jennifer A. King
Center on Trauma and Adversity at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Intimate partner violence
Child maltreatment
Family violence
Intervention
Trauma-informed care
A B S T R A C T
Objective: Each year, more than 6% of all U.S. children are exposed to domestic violence and require inter-
vention services from agencies that serve affected families. Previous research has examined detrimental biop-
sychosocial consequences of domestic violence exposure during childhood and the importance of effective
prevention and intervention services for this population. However, less research has explored diverse inter-
vention professionals’ own perspectives on the needs of the domestic violence-exposed children they serve.
Method: This study employed an inductive approach to thematic analysis to investigate intervention profes-
sionals’ reflections and advice regarding the service, policy, and research needs as well as overall strategies to
better protect children exposed to domestic violence.
Results: Respondents articulated four primary themes of (a) building general education and awareness of the
effects of domestic violence exposure on children; (b) the need for trauma-informed care; (c) the salience of
cultural humility in serving affected families; and (d) essential collaboration across service domains.
Respondents discussed these themes in the context of four key systems of care: the clinical or therapy, family,
school, and judicial systems.
Conclusions: Future research should integrate the voices of affected children and families as well as examine
models for effectively implementing these recommendations into practice settings.
1. Introduction
More than a quarter of children are projected to witness domestic
violence (also known as intimate partner violence) in the United States
by the time they reach age 18, with an estimated 6.4% of all children
exposed each year (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, & Kracke,
2009). Domestic violence exposure induces substantial economic
burden nationwide, incurring over $55 billion in aggregate lifetime
costs, including increased healthcare spending, increased crime, and
reduced labor market productivity (Holmes, Richter, Votruba, Berg, &
Bender, 2018). Children who have been exposed to domestic violence
are at higher risk for a range of behavioral and mental health problems
compared with non-exposed children (e.g., Fong, Hawes, & Allen, 2019;
Kitzmann, Gaylord, Holt, & Kenny, 2003; Vu, Jouriles, McDonald, &
Rosenfi ...
Seba Alwayel517 Catawba circle Columbia, SC 29201 · 8032372950.docxrtodd280
Seba Alwayel
517 Catawba circle Columbia, SC 29201 · 8032372950
Sebaalwayel.gmail.com · personal summary
Organized registration information, product warranties, end user agreements, program user codes, and other data essential to effective software acquisitions, resource distribution, and asset utilization.
Keeping to inform future software acquisitions, resource distribution, and asset utilization. Trusted IT team member articulated technology forecasts to company directors.
Experience01-01-2014 to 11-12-2014
STC company in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
-translator
- answerd customar quations related to proudacts, servises or their specific account.
- translate conversations from English to Arbic.
Education
Bachler’s degree in Information technology “IT” major
University of south Carolina.
Graduation date” 09-05-2020
Skills
Speak two languages.
Good communication skills.
Good at persuasion.
Good leader.
Good in bargaining.
Nice behaviors.
2
O R I G I N A L P A P E R
A Transitional Living Program for Homeless
Adolescents: A Case Study
Elissa D. Giffords Æ Christina Alonso Æ Richard Bell
Published online: 7 July 2007
� Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007
Abstract Under the Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act in (P.L.
108-96), Congress authorized the Transitional Living Program for Older Homeless Youth
(TLP). TLP provides grants to community and faith-based non-profit and public organi-
zations for longer-term residential supports (up to 18 months) to youth ages 16–21 in order
to promote their successful transition to adulthood and self-sufficiency (National Network
for Youth, Issue brief: Runaway and homeless youth act reauthorization [Available online
at http://www.nn4youth.org/site/DocServer/NNYandVOAFinalUpdate.pdf?docID=304],
2007). This article describes a transitional living program in Long Island, New York
designed to enable youth in a residential setting (ages 16–21) to develop and internalize
independent living skills through the provision of shelter and support services which
prepare them for living independently in the community.
Keywords Independent living � Foster care � Self-sufficiency � Adolescent youth �
Homeless � Runaway
E. D. Giffords (&)
Social Work Department, Long Island University, CW Post Campus, Northern Blvd, Brookville, NY
11548, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
C. Alonso � R. Bell
Family and Children’s Association, 100 East Old Country Road, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
C. Alonso
e-mail: [email protected]
R. Bell
e-mail: RBel[email protected]
123
Child Youth Care Forum (2007) 36:141–151
DOI 10.1007/s10566-007-9036-0
Introduction
In the 1980s the number of Independent living programs to assist formerly homeless
adolescents and foster youth to develop the skills they need to sustain themselves in the
community increased significantly nationwide (for, e.g., see Brickman et al. 1991; Kroner
1988; Lindsey and Ahmed 1999). Many of these programs received their funding from.
HLEG thematic workshop on Economic Insecurity, Lars Osberg, presenterStatsCommunications
HLEG thematic workshop on Economic Insecurity, 4 March 2016, New York, United States. More information at: http://oecd/hleg-workshop-on-economic-insecurity-2016
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectChildren and YoutAlleneMcclendon878
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Children and Youth Services Review
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth
Service needs of children exposed to domestic violence: Qualitative findings
from a statewide survey of domestic violence agencies☆
Kristen A. Berg1, Anna E. Bender, Kylie E. Evans, Megan R. Holmes⁎, Alexis P. Davis2,
Alyssa L. Scaggs, Jennifer A. King
Center on Trauma and Adversity at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Intimate partner violence
Child maltreatment
Family violence
Intervention
Trauma-informed care
A B S T R A C T
Objective: Each year, more than 6% of all U.S. children are exposed to domestic violence and require inter-
vention services from agencies that serve affected families. Previous research has examined detrimental biop-
sychosocial consequences of domestic violence exposure during childhood and the importance of effective
prevention and intervention services for this population. However, less research has explored diverse inter-
vention professionals’ own perspectives on the needs of the domestic violence-exposed children they serve.
Method: This study employed an inductive approach to thematic analysis to investigate intervention profes-
sionals’ reflections and advice regarding the service, policy, and research needs as well as overall strategies to
better protect children exposed to domestic violence.
Results: Respondents articulated four primary themes of (a) building general education and awareness of the
effects of domestic violence exposure on children; (b) the need for trauma-informed care; (c) the salience of
cultural humility in serving affected families; and (d) essential collaboration across service domains.
Respondents discussed these themes in the context of four key systems of care: the clinical or therapy, family,
school, and judicial systems.
Conclusions: Future research should integrate the voices of affected children and families as well as examine
models for effectively implementing these recommendations into practice settings.
1. Introduction
More than a quarter of children are projected to witness domestic
violence (also known as intimate partner violence) in the United States
by the time they reach age 18, with an estimated 6.4% of all children
exposed each year (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, & Kracke,
2009). Domestic violence exposure induces substantial economic
burden nationwide, incurring over $55 billion in aggregate lifetime
costs, including increased healthcare spending, increased crime, and
reduced labor market productivity (Holmes, Richter, Votruba, Berg, &
Bender, 2018). Children who have been exposed to domestic violence
are at higher risk for a range of behavioral and mental health problems
compared with non-exposed children (e.g., Fong, Hawes, & Allen, 2019;
Kitzmann, Gaylord, Holt, & Kenny, 2003; Vu, Jouriles, McDonald, &
Rosenfi ...
Seba Alwayel517 Catawba circle Columbia, SC 29201 · 8032372950.docxrtodd280
Seba Alwayel
517 Catawba circle Columbia, SC 29201 · 8032372950
Sebaalwayel.gmail.com · personal summary
Organized registration information, product warranties, end user agreements, program user codes, and other data essential to effective software acquisitions, resource distribution, and asset utilization.
Keeping to inform future software acquisitions, resource distribution, and asset utilization. Trusted IT team member articulated technology forecasts to company directors.
Experience01-01-2014 to 11-12-2014
STC company in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
-translator
- answerd customar quations related to proudacts, servises or their specific account.
- translate conversations from English to Arbic.
Education
Bachler’s degree in Information technology “IT” major
University of south Carolina.
Graduation date” 09-05-2020
Skills
Speak two languages.
Good communication skills.
Good at persuasion.
Good leader.
Good in bargaining.
Nice behaviors.
2
O R I G I N A L P A P E R
A Transitional Living Program for Homeless
Adolescents: A Case Study
Elissa D. Giffords Æ Christina Alonso Æ Richard Bell
Published online: 7 July 2007
� Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007
Abstract Under the Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act in (P.L.
108-96), Congress authorized the Transitional Living Program for Older Homeless Youth
(TLP). TLP provides grants to community and faith-based non-profit and public organi-
zations for longer-term residential supports (up to 18 months) to youth ages 16–21 in order
to promote their successful transition to adulthood and self-sufficiency (National Network
for Youth, Issue brief: Runaway and homeless youth act reauthorization [Available online
at http://www.nn4youth.org/site/DocServer/NNYandVOAFinalUpdate.pdf?docID=304],
2007). This article describes a transitional living program in Long Island, New York
designed to enable youth in a residential setting (ages 16–21) to develop and internalize
independent living skills through the provision of shelter and support services which
prepare them for living independently in the community.
Keywords Independent living � Foster care � Self-sufficiency � Adolescent youth �
Homeless � Runaway
E. D. Giffords (&)
Social Work Department, Long Island University, CW Post Campus, Northern Blvd, Brookville, NY
11548, USA
e-mail: [email protected]
C. Alonso � R. Bell
Family and Children’s Association, 100 East Old Country Road, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
C. Alonso
e-mail: [email protected]
R. Bell
e-mail: RBel[email protected]
123
Child Youth Care Forum (2007) 36:141–151
DOI 10.1007/s10566-007-9036-0
Introduction
In the 1980s the number of Independent living programs to assist formerly homeless
adolescents and foster youth to develop the skills they need to sustain themselves in the
community increased significantly nationwide (for, e.g., see Brickman et al. 1991; Kroner
1988; Lindsey and Ahmed 1999). Many of these programs received their funding from.
1Mandated Reporting of Child AbuseStudent’s NameAnastaciaShadelb
1
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Instructor’s Name
Due Date
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Mandated reporting of child abuse is meant to shield children from the problem. Mandated reporting laws cross disciplines (counseling, psychology, medicine, nursing, education, etc.). Some professionals have criticized these laws on the basis of interfering with their professional relationship with children. Additionally, there are several legal and ethical dilemmas associated with mandated reporting laws, further complicating the professionals’ practice.
Mandated reporting laws are very necessary requirements for a system to protect children. The efforts to find better ways to protect children against maltreatment and neglect by the adults on whom they are dependent began actively during the 1950s. Research by radiologists and pediatricians during the 1950s produced evidence of extensive physical child abuse and killing cases by their caretakers (Duncan, 1994). Kempe et al (1962) , in “Battered-Child Syndrome”, a historic and landmark study, produced valuable empirical evidence on the severity of physical child abuse occurrences by child’s caretakers. The findings in Kempe et al (1962) raised public concerns with the burgeoning child abuse and neglect cases, leading to the quick development and enactment of mandatory reporting of child maltreatment laws in every state in the US (Duncan, 1994).
Specifically, the CAPTA (Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act) directs each State to develop and enact procedures or provisions for mandating specific [group of] individuals to report either suspected or known child abuse and neglect cases. Thus, all USA States, and the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have statutory provisions mandating child abuse reporting by certain professional and other persons to the authorities, with the laws also addressing institutional responsibility in making reports, reporter’s identity’s confidentiality, and report-making standards (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2019). The mandated child abuse reporting laws have had a positive impact in the fight against child maltreatment, especially by increasing the number of cases being reported to the authorities for further remedial actions. For instance, thanks to the mandated child abuse reporting law’s enactment in every State, the number of reports experienced a meteoric rise nationally from 10,000 in 1962 to almost over 3 million in 1992. One effect of this positive development is that it has led to the child welfare agencies’ unanticipated transformation into protective services agencies for children. Furthermore, nationwide data also suggests and attributes substantial reduction in child abuse-related fatalities to increased reporting (Duncan, 1994).
However, the mandated child abuse reporting laws have al ...
These slides are taken from the graduate financial planning course "Introduction to Charitable Planning" at Texas Tech University. Details at www.EncourageGenerosity.com
1Mandated Reporting of Child AbuseStudent’s NameAnastaciaShadelb
1
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Instructor’s Name
Due Date
Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse
Mandated reporting of child abuse is meant to shield children from the problem. Mandated reporting laws cross disciplines (counseling, psychology, medicine, nursing, education, etc.). Some professionals have criticized these laws on the basis of interfering with their professional relationship with children. Additionally, there are several legal and ethical dilemmas associated with mandated reporting laws, further complicating the professionals’ practice.
Mandated reporting laws are very necessary requirements for a system to protect children. The efforts to find better ways to protect children against maltreatment and neglect by the adults on whom they are dependent began actively during the 1950s. Research by radiologists and pediatricians during the 1950s produced evidence of extensive physical child abuse and killing cases by their caretakers (Duncan, 1994). Kempe et al (1962) , in “Battered-Child Syndrome”, a historic and landmark study, produced valuable empirical evidence on the severity of physical child abuse occurrences by child’s caretakers. The findings in Kempe et al (1962) raised public concerns with the burgeoning child abuse and neglect cases, leading to the quick development and enactment of mandatory reporting of child maltreatment laws in every state in the US (Duncan, 1994).
Specifically, the CAPTA (Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act) directs each State to develop and enact procedures or provisions for mandating specific [group of] individuals to report either suspected or known child abuse and neglect cases. Thus, all USA States, and the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have statutory provisions mandating child abuse reporting by certain professional and other persons to the authorities, with the laws also addressing institutional responsibility in making reports, reporter’s identity’s confidentiality, and report-making standards (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2019). The mandated child abuse reporting laws have had a positive impact in the fight against child maltreatment, especially by increasing the number of cases being reported to the authorities for further remedial actions. For instance, thanks to the mandated child abuse reporting law’s enactment in every State, the number of reports experienced a meteoric rise nationally from 10,000 in 1962 to almost over 3 million in 1992. One effect of this positive development is that it has led to the child welfare agencies’ unanticipated transformation into protective services agencies for children. Furthermore, nationwide data also suggests and attributes substantial reduction in child abuse-related fatalities to increased reporting (Duncan, 1994).
However, the mandated child abuse reporting laws have al ...
These slides are taken from the graduate financial planning course "Introduction to Charitable Planning" at Texas Tech University. Details at www.EncourageGenerosity.com
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
1. Effect of Public Health Insurance Programs
on Immigrant Children’s Cognitive Skills
in the Los Angeles Area
Soomi Lee
University of La Verne
Southern Political Science Association Annual Meeting
January 4, 2013
Orlando, FL
2. “It is easier to build strong children
than to repair broken men.”
Frederick Douglass
***
“If those most at risk happen to be children and youth,
the urgency of reform is so much greater
because it is today’s children
that will be tomorrow’s productive base
—or, in case of failure to reform,
tomorrow’s expensive social problems.”
Esping-Anderson
4. • Children of immigrants make up 25% of the
child population (2010 Census).
• In the near future, they will be a significant
portion of the entire labor force paying into
Social Security and Medicare.
• Their labor productivity is important due to
the rising dependency ratio.
Motivation: Why Children of Immigrants?
5. Dependency Ratios
# Dependents per 100 Persons of Working Age, US: 1950-2080
(source: Congressional Research Service, 2006)
6. • Human capital investment (Becker 1964)
• Child health Positive effect on school
performance, earning capacity, and cognitive ability
as an adult (Case and Paxon 2010, 2009, 2006, 2005;
Currie et al. 2002)
Early Childhood Investment on Health
7. In low-income families
Lack health insurance
Lack usual source of care
Utilize less health care service.
Sicker
Perform worse in school.
More likely to drop out school.
Earn less than children of natives.
Underinvestment on Children of Immigrants
8. • Children’s health care access improves child health
(Gruber 1997; Aizer 2007).
• The effect differs among subpopulation (Currie and
Thomas 1995; de la Mata 2011).
• Little known is the effect among children of
immigrants and whether the effect differs from
children of natives (Borjas 2011).
Health Care Access and Health
9. • State policy variation
• Causality
• Detailed health insurance and cognitive skills
• Sizable immigrant population
Empirical Challenges
10. • Data source: Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood
Survey conducted by UCLA and RAND
• Two-wave longitudinal study in the Los Angeles County
(88 cities) in 2001 and 2007
• Uses census tract, randomly selects households, adult
respondents, and child respondents.
• A primary caregiver was interviewed.
• Sample size: 501 children (age 0-5 at wave 1).
Los Angeles County Data
11. • Dependent variables: cognitive skills (scale 1-100)
– Letter-Word Identification
– Mathematical problem solving skills
– Paragraph comprehension
• Independent variables:
– Health insurance type at wave 1 and 2
• Control variables:
– Child characteristics (age, infant dummy, Latino, black,
gender, chronic condition, health status w1 and w2, birth
weight, on-and-off health insurance)
– Family characteristics (income(log), parents immigrant
status, caregiver’s educational attainment, single parent
household)
Variables
12. Summary Statistics
Immigrant Family (52%) Native Family (48%)
Variable n Mean SD n Mean SD
LWI 220 61.11 30.26 198 70.10 27.13
MATH 214 61.66 32.63 200 73.79 27.22
COMP 220 54.33 30.78 198 63.41 27.81
Public insurance w1 201 0.67 0.47 193 0.28 0.45
Public insurance w2 233 0.67 0.47 218 0.23 0.42
Birth weight 232 7.52 1.25 216 7.28 1.42
Health status w1 232 4.00 1.10 218 4.37 0.91
Health status w2 233 3.95 1.05 218 4.36 0.87
14. Letter-Word
Identification
Math
Paragraph
Comprehension
Public Insurance (t)
0.019 -0.136 0.017
(0.128) (0.166) (0.129)
Public Insurance (t+1)
-0.446* -0.521* -0.568*
(0.137) (0.175) (0.148)
Public Insurance (t)
× Immigrant Family
-0.004 0.148 0.031
(0.161) (0.225) (0.157)
Public Insurance (t+1)
× Immigrant Family
0.186 0.088 0.25
(0.176) (0.249) (0.189)
Immigrant Family
-0.03 -0.13 -0.014
(0.089) (0.109) (0.103)
N 353 349 354
Adj.R2 0.236 0.201 0.275
F 7.371 4.409 9.369
Control variables are included in all models. * p<0.05.
Results: Full Sample
15. Children of Immigrant Only Children of Natives Only
LWI MATH COMP LWI MATH COMP
Public Insurance (t)
.146 0.169 0.181 -0.116 -0.302 -0.087*
(.121) (0.175) (0.116) (0.145) (0.175) (0.154)
Public Insurance (t+1)
-0.133 -0.408* -0.169 -0.438* -0.437* -0.58*
(0.146) (0.187) (0.159) (0.144) (0.173) (0.166)
N 180 176 181 173 173 173
Adj.R2 0.218 0.181 0.265 0.33 0.258 0.325
F 6.786 5.35 7.117 4.877 2.037 5.952
Control variables are included in all models. *p<0.05.
Results: Sub-samples
16. • Access does not mean utilization.
• Health is not the only factor in developing
children’s cognitive ability.
• Sample size is small to compare children with
public insurance and children with no
insurance among low-income children of
immigrants.
Discussion
17. • First attempt to establish a causal link between early
childhood health investment and cognitive skills in
early school age among children of immigrants.
• Public health insurance access in early childhood
generally has no effect on elementary school age
children’s cognitive skills for both children of
immigrants and children of natives.
• Current insurance is more important than earlier
insurance.
• Findings suggest that there may be a different effect of
early childhood public insurance access on cognitive
skills for immigrants and natives.
Conclusion