2012.12.14 america vs meiji presentation 3 philosophy
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The document summarizes the major philosophical foundations behind the Meiji Restoration in Japan and the American Revolutions, including influences from European political thought such as the Magna Carta and Enlightenment ideas. It also discusses the key debates during the American Constitutional Convention regarding the structure of the new government and the role of slavery. For Japan, it outlines the Iwakura Mission to study Western systems and balance them with Japanese values, as well as different views among Japanese political thinkers on military expansion versus cautious growth.
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The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
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JapanTension in TraditionThe Tokugawa Shogunate.docx
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Tension in Tradition
The Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate 1600 – 1868 established military rule and class based society by controlling contact with outside world including giving the Dutch a limited trade monopoly and eliminating Christianity from Japan
Loyalty was primary political value during this time and contributed to factionalism
Motori Norinaga (1730-1801) articulated the ideology of kokutai as an expression of Japanese superiority in the Imperial way and rejected foreign influences such as Buddhism and Confucianism
The Meiji Period
Economic and social problems plagued late Tokugawa Japan including a famine that led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and the impoverishment of many in the samurai class
Concessions to Commodore Matthew Perry to open trading ports to America ignited nationalist forces that would culminate in the Meiji Restoration – Revere the Emperor and Expel the Barbarians – Sonno Joi
Brief civil war and drawing up of the Charter Oath to embrace a course of modernization – 1877 Samurai rebellion defeated
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Korea and Japan had early contact but chose different cultural paths with Korea emphasizing Confucianism and Japan preserving a balance between Buddhism and Confucianism
Early Twentieth Century Japanese colonialism is established and country is liberated by Russians and Americans setting the stage for the Korean War 1950-1953
Democratic People’s Republic is one of the few remaining authoritarian, communist states in the world
Republic of Korea has worked through six constitutions with the 1987 permitting direct elections. Presently ROK is a multiparty democracy with the Grand National Party and the Democratic Party dominating electoral outcomes
Civic activism plays an important role in ROK politics. Sometimes activism is directed against the United States
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Cleavages emerged between political elites who followed the Meiji reformers with those adhering to kokutai, State Shinto, and emperor worship prevailing
Japan becomes integrated into global economy and becomes aware of need for resources and territorial expansion
Cycles of economic recession hit Japan with labor market flexibility met by bringing women in during times of growth and pushing them out during recessions
Early twenties sees the birth of labor unions, a Communist party, and a variety of other left leaning parties but these gro.
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- Japan underwent rapid modernization after the Meiji Restoration, establishing a parliamentary body called the Imperial Diet.
- Politically, the emperor is the head of state but citizens have limited participation rights. Society emphasizes hierarchy, group loyalty and conformity.
- Post-war, Japanese politics revolves around strong political parties and factions. Major parties today include the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party.
- New theories explain how industrialized societies see changes in public political attitudes and participation as citizens seek more involvement in policy.
Ch. 26 - "Japan"
Were they effective in their expansion? What were the results?
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The document provides information about Japan's response to Western imperialism in the late 19th century and transformation into an imperial power itself. It discusses how Japan initially resisted Western influence but later rapidly modernized and reformed by adopting Western technologies and practices. This allowed Japan to defeat China and Russia militarily, and it annexed Korea to become an imperial power seeking to rival European colonial empires in Asia.
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During the Medieval period in Japan:
1. Feudalism was the dominant form of government, with reciprocal obligations between warrior nobility and peasants.
2. In 593, Prince Shotoku established Japan's first constitution and centralized government during his reign as regent.
3. Shotoku's constitution promoted Buddhism and the absolute authority of the emperor, with a focus on social harmony.
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspire.pdf
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspired these nations to
develop empires? How did the powers first gain control over their imperial territories? How did
they administer their territories? What role did the local populations play in the imperial
relationship?
Solution
Britain and Japan are the two great industrial imperial forces of the modern world. Britain
dominated the Western, European-dominated world and Japan of the Eastern, non-European, and
to many eyes, the hope of the third world. They many things in common, groups of islands, more
civilized and powerful, and defence services.
Britain was the first industrial nation at a time when nobody knew what an industrial revolution
was. It was slowly evolving without even aware what modernization would be. But Japan was
fast to realize what the gains and danger of industrialization were and adopted it self-consciously
with revolutionary speed.
Japan transformed itself from a feudal society to the most efficient industrial and egalitarian
aristocracies in the world. The fact is that the then leaders of Meiji Restoration were prepared to
abolish feudalism, establish equality, and contribute to the survival and development of the
country. The British educational road was very much slower in relation to Japanese education
system which very much advanced.
British managers never went to university unlike their Japanese counterparts who went to a
variety of technical colleges. Japan believes in full-time higher education and has far larger
number of universities and colleges. The key to the British industrial revolution was social
ambition and that of Japan was to expel the barbarians and restore independence. In Britain there
is a gentleman’s agreement, more gentlemanly tradition. Welfare, leisure, and a civilized social
life are more important acquisitions of the British, and economic growth came second. Britain
and Japan took two different routes because they were two different societies with different
social structures and ideals.
*****.
Liberalism
Liberalism is a predominant ideology that emphasizes individual liberties and rights. It originated in the Enlightenment and was influenced by philosophers like John Locke. Liberalism seeks to limit government power and establish democratic and capitalist systems with protections for civil liberties. It has taken various forms like classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism. The spread of liberalism in the 19th century impacted the Muslim world through reforms in the Ottoman Empire like the Tanzimat, which aimed to modernize the state but also contributed to a crisis of identity in Islam and rise of Islamic revivalism.
APWH Period 3 Review 1750-1900.pptx
The document summarizes key concepts from the AP World History unit on global empires between 1750-1900 CE and revolutions during this period. It discusses the Enlightenment and new political, economic, and social ideologies that emerged. It then covers the rise of nationalism and revolutions in Europe, the Americas, and elsewhere. It describes the spread of industrialization globally and reactions to the new industrial economies, including labor movements and socialist ideas. Finally, it discusses imperialism and reforms/resistance in China during this era of global change.
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JapanTension in TraditionThe Tokugawa Shogunate.docx
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Tension in Tradition
The Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Shogunate 1600 – 1868 established military rule and class based society by controlling contact with outside world including giving the Dutch a limited trade monopoly and eliminating Christianity from Japan
Loyalty was primary political value during this time and contributed to factionalism
Motori Norinaga (1730-1801) articulated the ideology of kokutai as an expression of Japanese superiority in the Imperial way and rejected foreign influences such as Buddhism and Confucianism
The Meiji Period
Economic and social problems plagued late Tokugawa Japan including a famine that led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and the impoverishment of many in the samurai class
Concessions to Commodore Matthew Perry to open trading ports to America ignited nationalist forces that would culminate in the Meiji Restoration – Revere the Emperor and Expel the Barbarians – Sonno Joi
Brief civil war and drawing up of the Charter Oath to embrace a course of modernization – 1877 Samurai rebellion defeated
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Itagaki Taisuke reorganized forces into the Jiyuto, the Liberal Party, in 1881 that eventually became the modern Liberal Democratic Party – parties in the 80s were more leader centered and did not represent mass interests
The Meiji Constitution of 1889 asserted authority of emperor and was followed by the Imperial Rescript on Education that further articulated conservative values
Japan succeeds in war against China 1894 and Russia 1905 and establishes itself as an imperial power in Korea in 1910
Korea at the Crossroads
Korea and Japan had early contact but chose different cultural paths with Korea emphasizing Confucianism and Japan preserving a balance between Buddhism and Confucianism
Early Twentieth Century Japanese colonialism is established and country is liberated by Russians and Americans setting the stage for the Korean War 1950-1953
Democratic People’s Republic is one of the few remaining authoritarian, communist states in the world
Republic of Korea has worked through six constitutions with the 1987 permitting direct elections. Presently ROK is a multiparty democracy with the Grand National Party and the Democratic Party dominating electoral outcomes
Civic activism plays an important role in ROK politics. Sometimes activism is directed against the United States
The Twentieth Century: Pluralistic and Authoritarian Legacies
Cleavages emerged between political elites who followed the Meiji reformers with those adhering to kokutai, State Shinto, and emperor worship prevailing
Japan becomes integrated into global economy and becomes aware of need for resources and territorial expansion
Cycles of economic recession hit Japan with labor market flexibility met by bringing women in during times of growth and pushing them out during recessions
Early twenties sees the birth of labor unions, a Communist party, and a variety of other left leaning parties but these gro.
Geopolitics in Asia: American Influences in Japan and South Korea
American influences in East Asia have significantly shaped Japan and South Korea following World War II. In Japan, American occupation led to demilitarization, democratization with a new constitution, and economic liberalization. South Korea aligned closely with the US in the Cold War and Korean War, leading to Westernization of culture, adoption of democracy and market-based reforms, and strong military ties. Both nations saw large American impacts on their governments, economies, societies, and foreign relations in the latter 20th century.
East asia 3
During the 1870s and 1880s in Japan, several uprisings occurred as people protested against the government and demanded more political rights. At the same time, Japan began modernizing its political, economic, social, and military systems based on Western models. The government established a constitution and political parties, expanded education, industrialized the economy, and strengthened the military to compete internationally. However, this rapid modernization caused tensions as traditional Japanese culture and values were threatened.
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The document summarizes the emergence and suppression of socialism in Meiji Japan as an opposition movement to the imperialist policies of the Meiji government. It discusses the founding of early socialist parties in the 1900s that called for workers' rights but were suppressed by the government. It then focuses on the radical socialist Kōtoku Shūsui, who criticized imperialism and the emperor system. His increasingly anti-government views led to the failed 1910 High Treason Incident plot to assassinate the emperor, which gave the government cause to crack down on socialists and portray them as threats to Japan. The document examines socialism's role in providing political opposition during Japan's transformation in the Meiji period.
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century where philosophers used reason to understand human problems and nature. They believed reason could solve problems and improve lives. Enlightenment ideals fueled the American and French Revolutions by promoting ideas like natural rights, consent of the governed, and limited government. Major Enlightenment philosophers included Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and later Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft. Some monarchs also adopted Enlightenment ideals by becoming more tolerant and just rulers.
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The artist contrasts the soldiers of Japan and China in the following ways in Source E:
- The Japanese soldiers are depicted as strong, determined, and organized. They stand tall and march in uniform rows.
- The Chinese soldiers are depicted as weak, disorganized, and retreating in panic/disarray. They are smaller in size and running away chaotically without formation or order.
- The imagery suggests the Japanese were victorious and the Chinese were defeated, highlighting Japan's growing military strength and China's declining military strength at the time.
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism originated in Western Europe in opposition to the divine right of kings. It was inspired by the American and French Revolutions and based on principles of personal freedom, equality under the law, limited and consent-based government. Early thinkers developing these principles included Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu, and they influenced declarations like the American Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Aboriginal communities also had principles of liberalism prior to contact with Europeans.
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The document discusses the concepts of the Enlightenment period in Europe and how it influenced the American Enlightenment and American Revolution. Some key concepts promoted by Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke that influenced the Founding Fathers include life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, religious toleration, separation of powers, republicanism, democracy, and liberty. These concepts went against the divine right of kings and authoritarian rule at that time. The American Enlightenment period incorporated these European ideas and inspired ideals of freedom and democracy that conflicted with the way the British were governing the colonies, making the American Revolution inevitable.
Japan henny
Japan has a constitutional monarchy government with an emperor as head of state who holds ceremonial duties only. Real power is held by the prime minister and cabinet who are appointed by parliament. The country has a free market economic system that was adopted from Western models and focuses on industries like banking, manufacturing of high-tech goods, and transportation. Historically, Japan borrowed heavily from Chinese forms of government but adapted them to Japanese culture, including early religious practices now called Shinto.
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After World War II ended in 1945, Japan made a new start toward economic reconstruction as a democratic and pacifist state. Thanks to its highly educated and abundant labor force and to the concentration of capital and resources in certain key industries, such as electric power and steel, Japan succeeded in recovering from the ruins of war and achieving industrialization during the 1950s and 1960s.
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Basic Human Rights - unit -1.pptx
The document discusses basic human rights concepts including individual rights, group rights, civil society, state rights, equality, and justice. It outlines the origins of human values and human rights from ancient times through modern history. Key developments discussed include the American Bill of Rights, French Revolution, Declaration of Independence, rights of citizens, workers, and exploited people. The Rights of the Working and Exploited People in the Soviet Union in 1918 aimed to legislate the achievements of the October Revolution.
Philosophes
The document discusses the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers in 18th century Europe. It describes the Philosophes as intellectuals who applied reason to politics, economics, science, and social issues. It profiles several influential thinkers, including Thomas Locke who believed in natural rights, Voltaire who advocated for religious freedom and criticized the Catholic Church, Jean-Jacques Rousseau who felt the king was not properly representing citizens, and Baron de Montesquieu who proposed separating and balancing governmental powers.
Japanese Political Culture
- Japan underwent rapid modernization after the Meiji Restoration, establishing a parliamentary body called the Imperial Diet.
- Politically, the emperor is the head of state but citizens have limited participation rights. Society emphasizes hierarchy, group loyalty and conformity.
- Post-war, Japanese politics revolves around strong political parties and factions. Major parties today include the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party.
- New theories explain how industrialized societies see changes in public political attitudes and participation as citizens seek more involvement in policy.
Ch. 26 - "Japan"
Were they effective in their expansion? What were the results?
- Japan was very effective in its early imperial expansion. It defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95, gaining control of Taiwan and influence in Korea. It then shocked the world by defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, gaining additional territory in Korea and Manchuria. These victories established Japan as a major world power within just a few decades of modernizing.
2017JapansResponsetoWesternImperialismandMilitarism.ppt
The document provides information about Japan's response to Western imperialism in the late 19th century and transformation into an imperial power itself. It discusses how Japan initially resisted Western influence but later rapidly modernized and reformed by adopting Western technologies and practices. This allowed Japan to defeat China and Russia militarily, and it annexed Korea to become an imperial power seeking to rival European colonial empires in Asia.
Japan post
During the Medieval period in Japan:
1. Feudalism was the dominant form of government, with reciprocal obligations between warrior nobility and peasants.
2. In 593, Prince Shotoku established Japan's first constitution and centralized government during his reign as regent.
3. Shotoku's constitution promoted Buddhism and the absolute authority of the emperor, with a focus on social harmony.
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspire.pdf
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspired these nations to
develop empires? How did the powers first gain control over their imperial territories? How did
they administer their territories? What role did the local populations play in the imperial
relationship?
Solution
Britain and Japan are the two great industrial imperial forces of the modern world. Britain
dominated the Western, European-dominated world and Japan of the Eastern, non-European, and
to many eyes, the hope of the third world. They many things in common, groups of islands, more
civilized and powerful, and defence services.
Britain was the first industrial nation at a time when nobody knew what an industrial revolution
was. It was slowly evolving without even aware what modernization would be. But Japan was
fast to realize what the gains and danger of industrialization were and adopted it self-consciously
with revolutionary speed.
Japan transformed itself from a feudal society to the most efficient industrial and egalitarian
aristocracies in the world. The fact is that the then leaders of Meiji Restoration were prepared to
abolish feudalism, establish equality, and contribute to the survival and development of the
country. The British educational road was very much slower in relation to Japanese education
system which very much advanced.
British managers never went to university unlike their Japanese counterparts who went to a
variety of technical colleges. Japan believes in full-time higher education and has far larger
number of universities and colleges. The key to the British industrial revolution was social
ambition and that of Japan was to expel the barbarians and restore independence. In Britain there
is a gentleman’s agreement, more gentlemanly tradition. Welfare, leisure, and a civilized social
life are more important acquisitions of the British, and economic growth came second. Britain
and Japan took two different routes because they were two different societies with different
social structures and ideals.
*****.
Liberalism
Liberalism is a predominant ideology that emphasizes individual liberties and rights. It originated in the Enlightenment and was influenced by philosophers like John Locke. Liberalism seeks to limit government power and establish democratic and capitalist systems with protections for civil liberties. It has taken various forms like classical liberalism, social liberalism, and neoliberalism. The spread of liberalism in the 19th century impacted the Muslim world through reforms in the Ottoman Empire like the Tanzimat, which aimed to modernize the state but also contributed to a crisis of identity in Islam and rise of Islamic revivalism.
APWH Period 3 Review 1750-1900.pptx
The document summarizes key concepts from the AP World History unit on global empires between 1750-1900 CE and revolutions during this period. It discusses the Enlightenment and new political, economic, and social ideologies that emerged. It then covers the rise of nationalism and revolutions in Europe, the Americas, and elsewhere. It describes the spread of industrialization globally and reactions to the new industrial economies, including labor movements and socialist ideas. Finally, it discusses imperialism and reforms/resistance in China during this era of global change.
Similar to 2012.12.14 america vs meiji presentation 3 philosophy (20)
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2017JapansResponsetoWesternImperialismandMilitarism.ppt
2017JapansResponsetoWesternImperialismandMilitarism.ppt
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspire.pdf
Compare the development of two imperial powers. What factors inspire.pdf
2012.12.14 america vs meiji presentation 3 philosophy
- 1. Major Philosophical Foundations Behind the Meiji Restoration and the American Revolutions
- 2. European Political Thought • Magna Carta • Enlightenment – Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu – “Consent of the Governed” • Evolution of Government in England – House of Lords, Parliament
- 3. American Political Thought • Constitutional Convention – Drafting First Modern Republic in the World – Checks and Balances of Power – Strong central government vs. confederacy of states – Role of Slavery and Native Americans • Bill of Rights – Preserving individual rights from arbitrary authority
- 4. Japanese Political Thought • Iwakura Mission 1871 – Ito Hirobumi, Kido Takayoshi, Okubo Toshimichi – How to balance Western knowledge with Japanese values? – Introduction to Japan of new constitution, elective government, military technology, social structure
- 5. Japanese Political Thinkers • Saigo Takamori and Yamagata Aritomo – Proponents of military-first Japan, Asia conquest • Ito Hirobumi and Okubo Toshimichi – Proponents of strong military, but cautious growth • Fukuzawa Yukichi – Proponent of investing national resources into educating the populace, “civilizing” them
- 6. Significance • America developed a constitutional republic – Still had contradictions such as slavery – However, language of “freedom and liberty” in constitution would drive future social change • Japan became a centralized industrial power – Standard of living rose dramatically – Became first Asian country to participate in Western institutions as an equal player
- 7. Bibliography • Source 1 • Source 2 • Source 3 • Source 4