The document provides an introduction and overview of Chan/Zen meditation techniques. It discusses the characteristics of the first, second, third, and fourth dhyanas or meditative absorptions, including the landmarks and absorption factors of each stage. It also shares a story from the Diamond Sutra and a koan involving Dungshan asking "What is Buddha?" and receiving the response "Three pounds of flax."

1. 加拿大佛教會 湛山精舍 學佛班 禪坐 入門 Introduction to Chán Meditation 2010/06/12 Buddhist Association of Canada Cham Shan Temple

2. Buddhist Association of Canada Cham Shan Temple ná mó fó tuó 南 無 佛 陀 Namo Buddha ná mó dá mó 南 無 達 摩 Namo Dharma ná mó sēng qié 南 無 僧 伽 Namo Sangha

3. The 3rd Dhyana 三 禪 A state of refined bliss: One lets go of the ecstatic emotions of joy and abides in mindfulness (a steady, continuous presence of mind), spiritual insight and singleness of mind. One continues to feel the less intense & more sublime affective state of bliss. 捨去二禪之喜、樂，住於非苦非樂之「行捨」之境地，以正念、正知繼續修習而產生離喜妙樂。 The Third Dhyana has great strength of Samadhi, having been freed to all cognitive states of mind as well as the all but the most subtle affective state of mind. 唯有意識活動，與樂受、捨受相應。 此定中之乐是与外境无关，是由内心发出的快乐。由于三禅以上没有乐受，故经中常说世间之最乐是在三禅。

4. The Landmarks of the 3rd Dhyana 三 禪發相 Renunciation - Letting go; sublimating the ecstatic emotions of joy 捨支 : 捨喜心不悔，並離昏 沉 , 過勇或沉醉的過失。 Mindfulness - Remembrance; a steady, continuous presence of mind 正念支 : 既得三禪之樂， 用精進 , 定力和醒悟來守護，令樂增長。 Insight - Spiritual insight into the nature of reality and the mind 悟支 : 善用三法 , 遠離三過。 Contentment - Spiritual bliss; a most sublime affective state of mind 樂支 : 快樂，樂遍身受。 Concentration - Singleness of mind; pure mental concentration 一心支 : 受樂心息 , 一心寂定。

6. The 4 th Dhyana 四禪 A stage of equanimity: Free of both cognitive (verbal) and affective (emotional) states of mind. No affective states of mind remain as one reaches the highest level of pure mental concentration. One-pointed Samadhi is completely attained. 行者精進不止，心無動散，於後忽然開發，定心安穩，出入息斷，定發之時，與捨俱生，無苦無樂，空明寂靜，此時心如明鏡不動，亦如靜水無波，絕諸亂想，正念堅固，猶如虛空，是名世間真實禪定。於此禪中，若欲轉緣，學一切事，隨意成就，轉粗形為妙質，易短壽為長年，一切神通妙用，說法自在，莫不從此定出。

7. The 4 th Dhyana 四禪 Renunciation - All affective states of mind are completely eliminated. 不苦不樂，此禪初發，與捨受俱發， 捨受心法，不與苦樂相應。 Mindfulness - Completely steady and continuous presence of mind 既得不苦不樂定，捨棄勝樂，不生厭悔。 Equanimity - Impartiality; Complete freedom from and indifference to all subconscious disturbance, including suffering, joy and contentment. 心念清淨，禪定分明，平等智慧，照了無遺。 Concentration - Singlenss of mind; pure mental concentration. 定心寂靜，雖對眾緣，心無動念。

8. Five Absorption Factors 五支功德 1st Dhyana 初禪 2 nd Dhyana 二禪 3 rd Dhyana 三禪 4 th Dhyana 四禪 Sensuality 欲界 Secluded 離欲界 Awareness 覺 Accompanies 有覺 Stilled 覺暫停 Observation 觀 Accompanies 有觀 Stilled 觀暫停 Joy (Piti) 喜 Seclusion born; pervades body 充滿喜 Samadhi born; pervades body 定生喜 Fades away 漸消滅 Happiness (Sukha) 樂 Seclusion born; pervades body 充滿樂 Samadhi born; pervades body 定生樂 Pervades physical body 妙樂充滿 Abandoned 離喜樂 Equanimity 一心 Least strength 定力較少 Internal confidence 信心充足 , 一心不動 Equanimous mindful 一心寂定 Pure one-pointed mind 心念清淨