extraction

1. Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Gunda, M.Pharm., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research
Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh
PRACTICE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL
CALCULATIONS

2. Imperial System
A] Avoirdupois system- Pound
B] Apothecaries system-Grain
Pharmaceutical Calculations
1Lb =16 OZ (avoir)
1Lb=7000 grains
1oz (avoir)=….. grains

3. Imperial System
B] Apothecaries system-Grain
Pharmaceutical Calculations
20 grains= 1 scruple
60 grains= 1 drachm
480 grains= 1ounce
8 drachms= ……….ounces
12 ounces=……….. Pound

4. Imperial System
Measurement of capacity-Gallon
Pharmaceutical Calculations
1 gallon= 160 fl ounces
1/4th of gallon= 1 quart
1/8th of gallon= 1 pint
1/160th of gallon=1 fl ounce
1/8th of a fl ounce= 1 fl drachm
1/60th of a fl drachm= 1 minim
1 quart=…….……fl ounces
1 pint=……….. fl ounces
1 fl ounces= 480 minims
1 fl drachm=……. minims

5. 5
Pharmaceutical Calculations

6. Metric system
1 gram=1000 mg
1 Litre= 1000 ml

7. 7
Conversion Tables

8. 8
Conversion Tables

9. 9
PERCENTAGE CALCULATIONS
1. Percent W/V
2. Percent V/V
3. Percent V/W
4. Percent W/W
1 %
1g= 100 ml
1 oz= 100 fl oz
4.375 grains= 1 fl oz
1 grain= 100 m

10. 10
PERCENTAGE CALCULATIONS
Prob 1: Calculate the
qty of dextrose
required to prepare 1 fl
oz of a 10 % solution
Prob 2: Calculate the
qty of sucrose required
to prepare 8 fl oz of 5
% solution

11. 11
PERCENTAGE CALCULATIONS
1 in 100=………….. %
1 in 400=…………..%
1 in 600=…………..%
1 in 1000=………….%
1 in 2000=………….%
1 in 2500=………….%
3 in 1000=………….%
4 in 5000=…………%
2 in 10000=………..%

12. 12
DENSITY CALCULATIONS
1. D=M/V
2. M=V*D
3. V=M/D
Prob1 : Calculate the
volume of 2 kg of glycerin.
The density of glycerin is
1.25g/ml.
Prob2: Calculate weight of
200 ml of alcohol whose
density is 0.876 g/ml.

13. 13
Density Calculations
Prob3: Calculate Density of
163.2 g of alcohol whose
volume is 200 ml.

14. 14
ALCOHOLIC DILUTION

15. 15
ALCOHOLIC DILUTION
1. Degree of dilution=
2. Volume of Stronger
Alcohol to be used=
3. Weight of Stronger acid to
be used=

16. 16
ALCOHOLIC DILUTION
Prob 1:
Prepare 400 ml of a 5 %
solution and label with a
direction for preparing 2 lit
quantities of a 1 in 2000
solution

17. 17
ALCOHOLIC DILUTION
Prob 2:
Prepare 500 ml of a 1 in 4000
solution from the 1 in 800
solution

18. 18
ALCOHOLIC DILUTION
Prob 3:
Prepare 200 ml of 5 % solution
of chloroform in alcohol 90%

19. 19
Alligation Method

20. 20
Alligation Method

21. 21
Alligation Method
Prob 1 : Calculate the
Amount of 95 % alcohol
required to prepare 400
ml of 45 % alcohol

22. 22
Alligation Method
Prob 2 : Calculate the
Amount of 95 % alcohol
required to prepare 600
ml of 70 % alcohol

23. 23
Alligation Method
Prob 3 : Calculate the amount
of 70 %, 60 %, 40%, and 30
% alcohol should be mixed to
get 50 % alcohol

24. 24
Alligation Method
Prob 4 : Calculate the
volume of each 90 %, 60
%, 30%, and water are
required to produce 500
ml of 50 % alcohol

25. 25
PROOF SPIRIT

26. 26
PROOF SPIRIT
1. 57.1% v/v volume of
ethyl alcohol is consider to
be equal to 100 volumes of
proof spirit
2. 1 volume of ethyl
alcohol = 100/57.1= 1.753
volumes of proof spirit

27. 27
PROOF SPIRIT
Prob 1: Find the strength of
95 % v/v alcohol in terms of
proof spirit

28. 28
PROOF SPIRIT
Prob 2 : Calculate the real
strength of 30 degree O.P.
and 40 degree U.P.

29. 29
PROOF SPIRIT

30. 30
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
PARATONIC
HYPERTONIC
HYPOTONIC

31. ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
1. Freezing point
method= 0.52-a/b
2. Based on
molecular
concentration=
0.03 M/N

32. 32
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

33. 33
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

34. 34
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

35. 35
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

36. 36
Posology

37. 37
Proportion to Age

38. 38
Proportion to Age

39. 39
Proportion to Age

40. 40
Calculation based on body weight

41. 41
Calculation based on body weight

42. 42
Calculation based on body weight

43. 43
Calculation based on body weight

44. 44
Pharmaceutical Calculations

46. raghav.gunda@gmail.com
9666705894