2. What are heteromorphic chromosomes? A chromosome pair with some homology but differing in size, shape, or staining properties. Homologous chromosome pair which are not morphologically identical (e.g the sex chromosomes). 3. What is a heterogametic gender? Heterogametic sex (digametic sex) refers to the sex of a species in which the sex chromosomes are not the same. For example, in humans, males, with an X and a Y sex chromosome, would be referred to as the heterogametic sex, and females having two X sex chromosomes would be referred to as the homogametic sex. However, in birds, and some reptiles, males have two Z sex chromosomes and so are the homogametic sex, while females, with one Z and one W chromosome, are the heterogametic sex. Among the insects, Lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) have heterogametic females, but in Drosophila, males are the heterogametic sex. Heterogamesis can lead to reduced or absent meiotic recombination between the sex chromosomes, and in some species this extends to the autosomes, a phenomenon called achiasmy. For example, most lineages of male Drosophila melanogaster flies are achiasmic, lacking recombination on all chromosomes, although females show recombination 4. What is the difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome? Autosomes are the somatic chromosomes which control the body characters or somatic characters, Whereas Sex chromosomes are the allosomes which determines sex of an individual. The normal human has 23 different types of chromosomes and 2 copies of each from each parent, adding up to a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. One of the 23 is a sex chromosome (X or Y), and the other 22 are autosomes. Autosomes are any of the chromosomes which do not determine sex. In humans there are 44 autosomes in humans out of a total of 46 chromosomes. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual. There are 2 sex chromosomes in most organisms. If an organism has 2 X chromosomes (XX), then it is a female. If the organism has one X and one Y chromosome (XY), then it is a male. Autosomes determine the traits that will be expressed while sex chromosomes determine the gender of the individual. However, many traits are said to be sex linked, with most sex linked traits (such as colorblindness) being linked through the X chromosome. This is why more males than females are colorblind. 5. What is the difference between sex-limited and sex-linked inheritance? Some traits are carried on the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Most traits carried are present on only the X-chromosome. The Y-chromosome is smaller, and so, very few genes are located on this chromosome. Sex traits can be categorized into three types of inheritance: sex-limited, sex-linked, and sex- influenced. Sex-limited traits are traits that are visible only within one sex. For instance, barred coloring in chickens normally is visible only in the roosters. Sex-linked traits would be considered traits like sickle cell anemia and color blindness. They are.

1. 2. What are heteromorphic chromosomes?
A chromosome pair with some homology but differing in size, shape, or staining properties.
Homologous chromosome pair which are not morphologically identical (e.g the sex
chromosomes).
3. What is a heterogametic gender?
Heterogametic sex (digametic sex) refers to the sex of a species in which the sex chromosomes
are not the same. For example, in humans, males, with an X and a Y sex chromosome, would be
referred to as the heterogametic sex, and females having two X sex chromosomes would be
referred to as the homogametic sex.
However, in birds, and some reptiles, males have two Z sex chromosomes and so are the
homogametic sex, while females, with one Z and one W chromosome, are the heterogametic sex.
Among the insects, Lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) have heterogametic females, but in
Drosophila, males are the heterogametic sex.
Heterogamesis can lead to reduced or absent meiotic recombination between the sex
chromosomes, and in some species this extends to the autosomes, a phenomenon called
achiasmy. For example, most lineages of male Drosophila melanogaster flies are achiasmic,
lacking recombination on all chromosomes, although females show recombination
4. What is the difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome?
Autosomes are the somatic chromosomes which control the body characters or somatic
characters, Whereas Sex chromosomes are the allosomes which determines sex of an individual.
The normal human has 23 different types of chromosomes and 2 copies of each from each
parent, adding up to a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. One of the 23 is a sex chromosome (X
or Y), and the other 22 are autosomes.
Autosomes are any of the chromosomes which do not determine sex. In humans there are 44
autosomes in humans out of a total of 46 chromosomes. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of
an individual. There are 2 sex chromosomes in most organisms. If an organism has 2 X
chromosomes (XX), then it is a female. If the organism has one X and one Y chromosome (XY),
then it is a male.
Autosomes determine the traits that will be expressed while sex chromosomes determine the
gender of the individual. However, many traits are said to be sex linked, with most sex linked
traits (such as colorblindness) being linked through the X chromosome. This is why more males
than females are colorblind.
5. What is the difference between sex-limited and sex-linked inheritance?
Some traits are carried on the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Most traits carried are present on only
the X-chromosome. The Y-chromosome is smaller, and so, very few genes are located on this

2. chromosome.
Sex traits can be categorized into three types of inheritance: sex-limited, sex-linked, and sex-
influenced.
Sex-limited traits are traits that are visible only within one sex. For instance, barred coloring in
chickens normally is visible only in the roosters.
Sex-linked traits would be considered traits like sickle cell anemia and color blindness. They are
said to be linked because more males (XY) develop these triats than females (XX). This is
because the females have a second X gene to counteract the recessive trait. Thus, the trait is more
likely to be visible in the male.
A lot of sex-limtied traits can determine parental carriers by using a pedigree. The colored blocks
indicate a recessive trait phenotype, and from there, carriers can be traced back. This is an
effective method when determining the probability of an offspring receiving that trait.
Solution
2. What are heteromorphic chromosomes?
A chromosome pair with some homology but differing in size, shape, or staining properties.
Homologous chromosome pair which are not morphologically identical (e.g the sex
chromosomes).
3. What is a heterogametic gender?
Heterogametic sex (digametic sex) refers to the sex of a species in which the sex chromosomes
are not the same. For example, in humans, males, with an X and a Y sex chromosome, would be
referred to as the heterogametic sex, and females having two X sex chromosomes would be
referred to as the homogametic sex.
However, in birds, and some reptiles, males have two Z sex chromosomes and so are the
homogametic sex, while females, with one Z and one W chromosome, are the heterogametic sex.
Among the insects, Lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) have heterogametic females, but in
Drosophila, males are the heterogametic sex.
Heterogamesis can lead to reduced or absent meiotic recombination between the sex
chromosomes, and in some species this extends to the autosomes, a phenomenon called
achiasmy. For example, most lineages of male Drosophila melanogaster flies are achiasmic,
lacking recombination on all chromosomes, although females show recombination
4. What is the difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome?
Autosomes are the somatic chromosomes which control the body characters or somatic
characters, Whereas Sex chromosomes are the allosomes which determines sex of an individual.
The normal human has 23 different types of chromosomes and 2 copies of each from each

3. parent, adding up to a total of 46 chromosomes per cell. One of the 23 is a sex chromosome (X
or Y), and the other 22 are autosomes.
Autosomes are any of the chromosomes which do not determine sex. In humans there are 44
autosomes in humans out of a total of 46 chromosomes. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of
an individual. There are 2 sex chromosomes in most organisms. If an organism has 2 X
chromosomes (XX), then it is a female. If the organism has one X and one Y chromosome (XY),
then it is a male.
Autosomes determine the traits that will be expressed while sex chromosomes determine the
gender of the individual. However, many traits are said to be sex linked, with most sex linked
traits (such as colorblindness) being linked through the X chromosome. This is why more males
than females are colorblind.
5. What is the difference between sex-limited and sex-linked inheritance?
Some traits are carried on the sex chromosomes, X and Y. Most traits carried are present on only
the X-chromosome. The Y-chromosome is smaller, and so, very few genes are located on this
chromosome.
Sex traits can be categorized into three types of inheritance: sex-limited, sex-linked, and sex-
influenced.
Sex-limited traits are traits that are visible only within one sex. For instance, barred coloring in
chickens normally is visible only in the roosters.
Sex-linked traits would be considered traits like sickle cell anemia and color blindness. They are
said to be linked because more males (XY) develop these triats than females (XX). This is
because the females have a second X gene to counteract the recessive trait. Thus, the trait is more
likely to be visible in the male.
A lot of sex-limtied traits can determine parental carriers by using a pedigree. The colored blocks
indicate a recessive trait phenotype, and from there, carriers can be traced back. This is an
effective method when determining the probability of an offspring receiving that trait.