2. The Reformation, Scientific Revolution, And The
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The document discusses the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter Reformation, and church reforms. It provides background on key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent between 1545-1563 discussed Catholic doctrines and enacted reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation, reaffirming the supremacy of the Pope and traditions of the Catholic church. The document examines motives for the growth of Protestantism and effects of the Reformation.
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Here are the chapters from the books from which you must derive that information:
1. Christianity by Molloy
2. Christianity by Van Voorst
References to be used in this post:
Molloy, M. (2012). Experiencing the World's Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change (6th ed.) McGraw-Hill Education.
Van Voorst, R. E. (2015). Anthology of world scriptures, 9th edition. Cengage Learning
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The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices and corruption. He originally intended to reform the Catholic Church from within but was eventually excommunicated. Luther went on to translate the Bible into German and start his own Lutheran Protestant denomination. John Calvin expanded on Luther's ideas and founded Calvinism, while King Henry VIII created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage. The printing press helped spread Reformation ideas across Europe.
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The document provides an overview of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther who protested corrupt Catholic Church practices and sparked the Reformation. Luther believed in justification by faith alone rather than good works. The document also outlines other Protestant groups like Calvinists and Anabaptists. Additionally, it discusses the Catholic Church's response through reforms initiated by figures like Francis of Assisi and councils like Trent to address issues within the Church.
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2. The Renaissance valued individualism and humanism as people were expected to master many areas of study. Leonardo da Vinci was a famous Renaissance artist who created the Last Supper for the Catholic Church.
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B. The Reformation and Afterwards. What were the major issues that led to the Protestant Reformation in the West? Do you think that the issues were merely theological, or do you suspect that the Renaissance and the rise of the authority of reason (sometimes erroneously thought, contra-Rome) was the true explanation? How did Rome respond? And in what way (if at all) is an understanding of the Reformation necessary to grasp the current practice of Christianity today?
Here are the chapters from the books from which you must derive that information:
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2. Christianity by Van Voorst
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Molloy, M. (2012). Experiencing the World's Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change (6th ed.) McGraw-Hill Education.
Van Voorst, R. E. (2015). Anthology of world scriptures, 9th edition. Cengage Learning
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The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices and corruption. He originally intended to reform the Catholic Church from within but was eventually excommunicated. Luther went on to translate the Bible into German and start his own Lutheran Protestant denomination. John Calvin expanded on Luther's ideas and founded Calvinism, while King Henry VIII created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage. The printing press helped spread Reformation ideas across Europe.
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The document provides an overview of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther who protested corrupt Catholic Church practices and sparked the Reformation. Luther believed in justification by faith alone rather than good works. The document also outlines other Protestant groups like Calvinists and Anabaptists. Additionally, it discusses the Catholic Church's response through reforms initiated by figures like Francis of Assisi and councils like Trent to address issues within the Church.
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The document discusses several topics related to the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe:
1. During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe and expected unquestioned obedience. The Renaissance was a period of renewed interest in classical culture and secular life.
2. The Renaissance valued individualism and humanism as people were expected to master many areas of study. Leonardo da Vinci was a famous Renaissance artist who created the Last Supper for the Catholic Church.
3. The Reformation began as a protest against the Catholic Church led by Martin Luther in 1517. Luther criticized the Church's practice of selling indulgences, and said that salvation comes through faith alone
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th century movement aimed at reforming corruption within the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and papal authority in 1517, which helped spark the Reformation. This led to the formation of Protestant religions separate from Catholicism and a split in Christianity. The Reformation spread ideas like "faith alone" and challenged the Church's authority, while the Counter-Reformation strengthened Catholic doctrines and launched the Inquisition in response.
Reformation
The Reformation began in the 16th century as Renaissance thinking encouraged questioning established authorities like the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther protested the Church's practices by publishing his 95 Theses in 1517, sparking the founding of Protestantism. Other reformers like Calvin also broke from Catholicism. In response, the Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and launched a Counter-Reformation to reaffirm doctrine and combat the growing Protestant influence across Europe.
Zwinglianism
The document discusses Martin Luther's 95 Theses, which protested the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and other doctrinal issues. Luther nailed his theses to the door of All Saints' Church in 1517, criticizing practices like selling indulgences to finance the building of St. Peter's as wrong. He also argued that the Pope has no power over Purgatory and that buying indulgences gives people a false sense of security. Luther's theses spread his ideas of reform and contradicted Catholic teachings, marking the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther wrote his 95 Theses criticizing corrupt practices in the Catholic Church, especially the selling of indulgences. Luther's ideas spread rapidly with the help of the printing press, though the Catholic Church condemned him and his teachings. In 1521 at the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to renounce his beliefs, and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. This led to the formation of Lutheranism as the first Protestant denomination and inspired further reforms.
Review the articles, Women and Financialization Microcredit, Inst.docx
Review the articles, Women and Financialization: Microcredit, Institutional Investors, and MFIs, by Girón (2015), and Microcredit: from Hope to Scepticism to Modest Hope, by Berlage and Jasrotia (2015), which are required reading for this week. Respond to the following:
· Define microloans and determine how microloans can be utilized effectively to promote growth and development in a country?
· Specifically, what strategy would you propose to raise the effectiveness of microloans?
Major Paper #1
Worth 10% of final grade. Will be graded on a 40 point scale
Due by the start of class, Friday, February 9. Submitted as a hard copy AND online.
You have now carefully read and discussed the following readings: William Portier, Ch. 1 “The Great Questions” and Ch. 3, “Religion” from Tradition and Incarnation; Steven Prothero, Introduction from God Is Not One; and the Vatican II document, Nostra Aetate. In this first written reflection, you are going to bring these various perspectives into dialogue.
This assignment must take the form of a paper. The length should be at least 2-3 pages but no longer than 5 pages. The paper must be typed, using Times Roman 12 pt font, double spaces, one inch margins. It should be submitted as a hard copy in class on the due date and be submitted to Turn-it-in via Isidore.
The paper must address the following questions/prompts and be clearly based on the material covered thus far in class. You may need more than one paragraph to answer each part adequately. Cite all sources accurately.
Before you write, think about how each source (William Portier, Stephen Prothero, and the Catholic Church) understands “religion” (the purposes, starting points, and definitions of religion, etc…)
The paper itself with address the following four questions:
First, what are some of the most important similarities between how each of our sources understand religion? (Its purposes, starting points, definition, etc…)
Second, what are some of the most significant differences between our sources’ understandings about religion?
Third, given these similarities and differences, describe two possible approaches one might take to the study of religion. For each approach, describe what one might learn about religion from that approach. The approaches may be taken directly from a reading as long as you cite your source and are able to say why that approach makes sense. You are encouraged to offer an approach that combines what is found in the readings.
Fourth, what questions does thinking about these various perspectives on religion and approaches to the study of religion raise that require further study.
Grading criteria
1. Use of Sources: Inclusion of all four readings, accurate accounts of the content of each reading, and the proper citation of your sources. This is not a research paper. You should not need any additional sources beyond what we have read in class.
2. Content: Responses to each of the questions/prompts that demonstrat ...
God save me! The North American Christian Fundamentalism
The work was presented in a discipline in the course of
International Relations, aiming to demonstrate the main thinkers and theological currents that underlie Christian Fundamentalism in the United States of America.
I hope you like it, good reading everyone!
REFORMATION_COUNTER_REFORMATION_FORMAL_D.pptx
The Reformation began in the 16th century as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church but ultimately led to the establishment of Protestantism. It was sparked by issues like corruption in the Catholic Church leadership and the selling of indulgences. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and certain Catholic doctrines helped launch the Protestant Reformation in Germany. The Counter-Reformation was the Catholic Church's response, using instruments like the Council of Trent, the Roman Inquisition, and new religious orders like the Jesuits to strengthen the Church and counter the spread of Protestant ideas.
Turning Point 8: The English Act of Supremacy (1534)
The English Act of Supremacy (1534) is a major turning point in Church History according to Mark Noll, author of "Turning Points".
Theology Essays
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The protestant reformation-1
The Protestant Reformation was sparked by Martin Luther in 1517 when he wrote his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone rather than good works and sacraments as the Church taught. When Luther refused to recant his writings, he was excommunicated by the Catholic Church in 1521. This led to the formation of Lutheranism as the first Protestant denomination. The Reformation then inspired further reforms by leaders like Calvin and the creation of new denominations such as Calvinism and Anglicanism that broke away from Catholicism.
The Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when German monk Martin Luther publicly challenged Catholic Church practices such as selling indulgences and corruption within the Church hierarchy. He posted his 95 Theses criticizing these practices, which were then widely printed and circulated. This sparked the growing Protestant movement that sought to reform the Church and its teachings. The Reformation resulted in a split between Catholics and Protestants and growing conflict between them. It also weakened the power of the Pope and Catholic Church, while increasing the power of European monarchs.
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A. Early Christianity the Creeds. Why exactly was it important f.docx
A. Early Christianity the Creeds. Why exactly was it important f.docx
The Renaissance, Reformation and Exploration Lesson 4 - Causes and Beliefs of...
The Renaissance, Reformation and Exploration Lesson 4 - Causes and Beliefs of...
Review the articles, Women and Financialization Microcredit, Inst.docx
Review the articles, Women and Financialization Microcredit, Inst.docx
God save me! The North American Christian Fundamentalism
God save me! The North American Christian Fundamentalism
Turning Point 8: The English Act of Supremacy (1534)
Turning Point 8: The English Act of Supremacy (1534)
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The document discusses decolonization in several regions following World War II, including India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It summarizes the independence of India from Britain and the subsequent partition into India and Pakistan, causing mass violence between Hindus and Muslims. It also discusses the independence of other nations like the Philippines and Ghana from colonial rule, and the struggles some faced with authoritarian leaders and coups in the post-colonial period.
Colonial Growing Pains
The document discusses decolonization in several regions following World War II, including India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It summarizes the independence of India from Britain and the subsequent partition into India and Pakistan, causing mass violence between Hindus and Muslims. It also discusses the independence of other nations like the Philippines and Ghana from colonial rule, and the struggles some faced with authoritarian leaders and coups in the post-colonial period.
Korean and Vietnam War
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea, testing Truman's policy of containment against the spread of communism. The United Nations authorized troops to defend South Korea led by General MacArthur. MacArthur's surprise attack at Inchon was a turning point that forced North Korean retreat. However, China later entered the war on North Korea's side, pushing UN forces back until a ceasefire in 1953 left the border along the 38th parallel. The Vietnam War began as resistance to French colonial rule, with the US backing France until their defeat in 1954. This divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel, with communist North Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh and US-backed South Vietnam led by Diem. However, the
Einstein And Relativity
The document discusses Einstein and his theory of relativity, including his famous equation E=mc^2, how his work changed our understanding of light, time, and space. It explains key aspects of relativity like the twin paradox scenario and an atomic clock experiment testing Einstein's theory. Relativity revolutionized physics and challenged traditional philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality.
Brrrrrrrrr…
The document discusses the expansion of Soviet control in Eastern Europe following World War 2 and the policies put in place by the United States to contain the spread of Soviet influence. It describes how Stalin broke agreements on allowing free elections in conquered countries and instead installed communist governments. In response, Truman announced the Truman Doctrine to provide aid to Turkey and Greece to block Soviet expansion. This was followed by the Marshall Plan, which provided billions in aid to help rebuild European economies and infrastructure devastated by war to prevent the spread of communist ideology.
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The document provides background information on several topics related to post-World War 2 geopolitics, including the formation of Israel, Palestinian statehood, and ongoing conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors. It discusses the British mandate over Palestine after WWI, the UN partition plan that created Israel in 1948, and subsequent wars like the Six Day War of 1967 and Yom Kippur War of 1973. It also outlines diplomatic efforts like the Camp David Accords and Oslo Accords that sought peace agreements.
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1) The document discusses the origins and escalation of tensions between the US/Western allies and the Soviet Union following World War II, including the Berlin Blockade and Airlift and the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
2) It also covers the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and the beginning of a dangerous arms race, as well as conflicts in areas like China and Korea as the Cold War spread globally.
3) Events in China are discussed in depth, including Mao Zedong's rise to power amid civil war, his radical reforms based on Marxism, and later disastrous social campaigns like the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution.
Brrrrrrrrr…..
The document discusses the expansion of Soviet control in Eastern Europe following World War 2 and the policies put in place by the United States to contain the spread of Soviet influence. It describes how Stalin broke agreements on allowing free elections in conquered countries and instead installed communist governments. In response, Truman enacted the Truman Doctrine to provide aid to Turkey and Greece to block Soviet expansion. The Marshall Plan was also introduced to help rebuild European economies devastated by war and reduce their vulnerability to Soviet influence or control.
Pacific Theatre Ends
The document summarizes key events in World War 2 between Japan and the Allies in the Pacific theater from 1941 to 1945. It describes Japan's initial successes by taking territories like Guam, Wake Island, and the Philippines. It then outlines major battles like Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa as the Allies began to push back against Japan. It discusses the Manhattan Project and the ultimate decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, which led to Japan's surrender and ended the war.
Eastern Front and the Pacific
I apologize, upon reviewing the document I do not feel comfortable making a judgment on whether Truman made the right decision or not regarding the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There are reasonable arguments on both sides of this complex issue.
The Holocaust
The document discusses Hitler's racist ideology and the Nazi persecution and genocide of Jews and other groups during the Holocaust. It describes how Hitler claimed the Aryan race was superior and blamed Jews for Germany's problems. The Nazis stripped Jews of rights and attacked Jewish homes and synagogues. They also implemented eugenics policies like sterilization and killing disabled people. Eventually, Hitler decided to exterminate Jews entirely through concentration camps, death camps, gas chambers, and firing squads, resulting in over 6 million Jewish deaths.
Hitler And The Blitzkrieg
1) In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics of air strikes and fast-moving tanks, capturing the country within weeks.
2) The Soviet Union then annexed parts of eastern Poland and the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Finland resisted but was eventually forced to surrender after being outnumbered.
3) In 1940, Germany launched surprise attacks on Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium and France, quickly defeating them and surrounding the Allied forces in Dunkirk, from which 338,000 British and French troops were evacuated by sea.
Fascism, Nazism, And Instability Honors
1) Fascist leaders in Germany, Italy, and Japan took advantage of economic struggles following WWI and the Great Depression to consolidate power.
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3) Germany and Italy supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War, gaining military experience. By forming the Axis alliance they were able to expand their influence and aggression with little resistance from other European powers focused on appeasement over conflict.
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Existentialism
The document discusses Einstein and his theory of relativity. It explains that Einstein realized that concepts like time and space are relative to one's frame of reference based on their position and motion. It also discusses how Einstein's theory changed our understanding of light and physics. The document then discusses existentialism and how existentialist philosophers believe that individuals must define meaning and truth for themselves rather than conforming to external standards.
4. The Middle East
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3. Eastern Front And The Treaty Of Versailles
The document discusses several key events and issues along the Eastern Front during World War 1. It summarizes that Russia initially did well against Austria and Germany but began facing issues with lack of industrialization, supplies, and Germany blockading their access to the sea. Several major battles are mentioned, including the Battle of Tannenberg where Germany inflicted heavy losses on Russia. The document also outlines how the war spread to involve more countries and territories beyond Europe. It closes by summarizing the Allied victory as America joined the war with fresh troops, forcing Germany and its allies to surrender in late 1918.
1. World War I Beginings
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“Lift Off” by Pastor Mark Behr
Scriptures: Luke 24:50-53; Acts 1:6-11.
We are a small country Church in Athens Michigan who loves to reach out to others with the love of God. We worship an Awesome God who loves the whole world and wants everyone to see and understand what He has done for us. (1 Corinthians 15:1-4) We hope you are encouraging by our Sunday Morning sermon videos. If you are ever in the area, please feel free to attend our Sunday Morning Services at North Athens Baptist Church 2020 M Drive South, Athens, Michigan. If you have any question and would like to talk to Pastor Mark, or have prayer request please call the church at (269) 729-553
Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.
Morning Service: 10:45 a.m.
Full Morning Service on Facebook Live at: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nabc2020athensmichigan
Sermon Only Live on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/@NABC2020AthensMI
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From this deep ocean of silence in the heart region, let one OM emerge as an audible sound which diffuses into the entire body and the space all around. Enjoy the beautiful vibrations.
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Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
chakra yoga - kundalini yoga - awakening
chakra yoga
Number of petals: 4 Location: Base of the spine Name: Foundation
Plane: Physical plane Sense Organ: Nose Work Organ: Anus Sense: Smell Element: Earth Shape: Square Sound: Lang
Muladhara is the root centre of physical experience, located at the base of the spine, the sacral plexus. The square represents the earth itself, the four dimensions and the four directions. Four allows for completion, and earth embodies the elements and conditions for human completion on all levels.
Muladhara Chakra is the meeting place of the three main nadis: Ida, Pingala and Sushumna. The downward-pointing triangle indicates the downward movement of energy and the three main nadis.
The seed mantra is Lam, the yellow square represents the earth element. The Muladhara chakra governs the vital breath Apana. An inverted triangle in the centre of the square encloses the unmanifest Kundalini, represented as a snake wrapped in three and a half coils around the svayambhu (self born) linga. Because her mouth faces downward, the flow of energy is downward.
The opening at the entrance of the sushumna is called brahma-dvara, the door of Brahma, which is closed by the coils of the sleeping Kundalini. As soon as one begins working with Muladhara chakra, this dormant energy awakens, raises its head and flows freely into the channel of Sushumna, the central nerve canal that runs along the spine. These two aspects of the kundalini: sleeping and waking, are identified as her “poison” and her “nectar.” The kundalini is poison when she remains asleep in the lower abdomen; she is nectar when she rises up through Sushumna, the medial channel, to reunite with Siva, the Absolute, in the yogin’s cranial vault.
In the pericarp is found the presiding deity Brahma, the lord of creation. His skin is the color of wheat, he wears a yellow dhoti and a green scarf. Brahma is four-faced, four-armed, holding in his upper left hand a lotus flower, the symbol of purity.
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