The document discusses the management process and planning function. It defines planning as determining short and long term objectives and actions to achieve objectives. The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves identifying goals, methods, resources and timelines. There are different types of planning like strategic and tactical. The planning process involves determining objectives, policies, standards, and procedures.

1. The management process
1- Planning
Prepared by
Dr/ Hanan Abo Elgamelen

2. Introduction
An organization can be any institution,
agency, or facility. Working to achieve an
organization’s goals involves the process of
management. The principles that guide the
process of management need to be
identified in order to be useful for greater
effectiveness.

3. • The management process is a rational, logical
process based on problem solving principles.
The four steeps of management process are:
planning, organizing, coordinating or directing
and controlling. These functions comprise the
scope of manager’s major effort. Planning
involves determining the short and long term
objectives and the corresponding actions that
must be taken.

4. Organizing means mobilizing human and material
resources to accomplish what is needed. Directing
relates to methods of motivating, guiding and
leading people through work processes.
Controlling has a specific meaning closing to the
monitoring and evaluating actions that are
familiar to nurses. A director manages the
performance and controls the outcome by making
corrections and adjustments along the way.

5. .
PLANNING
Planning is the managerial function of selecting
priorities, results, and methods to achieve results.
It is setting the direction for a system and then
guiding the system to follow the direction.
Planning is defined as determining the short and
long term objectives and the corresponding
actions that must be taken to achieve these
objectives.

6. It is the process of deciding in advance
what should be done, how, when, where
and by whom it will be done. Planning
activities include identifying goals,
objectives, methods, resources,
responsible parties and due dates.

7. Importance of planning in nursing
Provide framework for the organization’s
objectives.
Encourage the economical use of resources
( manpower resource, equipment and
supplies)
Help in determining the future builds
confidence and motivate personnel.
To facilitate control and change.

8. Types of planning
Strategic planning
Tactical planning
 More broad – ranged
 It means determining the overall
purposes and direction of the
organization
 Always focus on mission, vision,
and major goal identification.
 It is a long term plan and includes
the development of overall
organizational goals and objectives
(5-10years)
 More short – ranged
 It means determining the specific
details of implementing broader goal
 It concerned with the efficient day to
day use of recourses allocated to the
unit.
 It is directed towards the fulfillment
of unit objectives.

9. PLANNING PHASES
Typical planning phases include the following:-
Identify the mission.
Conduct an environmental scan.
Analyze the situation ( SWOT analysis of strength,
weakness, opportunities, and threats)
Establish goals. Identify strategies to reach goals.
Set objectives to achieve goals.
 Assign responsibilities and time line.
Write planning documents.

10. PLANNING PROCESS
• Determining objectives for which the organization
and its management operate.
•Developing policies that guide member of the
organization how to act in specific situation.
•Determining quality of resources that are needed to
accomplish objectives. It includes manpower
resources, equipment and supplies.
•Formulating standards against which objectives
can be evaluated.

11. •Establishing procedures, which describe
specifically in details how actions must be
accomplished.
•Developing time for programs to
accomplish organizational objectives.

12. PLANNING TOOLS
1. PURPOSE:-
Is the reason for existence, e.g. the provision of
health services to society.
2. Philosophy:
Is a statement of beliefs, values, attitudes,
principles, and concepts that provide personnel with
common and consistent sense of action.
3. Goals
Is a general statement for giving direction for what
the organization seeks to accomplish (desired
outcomes)
4.Objectives
Is a specific measurable action including what is to
be done by individual employee.

13. Objectives may be
General : nursing services department ( long – term
objective)
Specific : for each nursing unit ( short-term
objective)
Characteristics of the objective statement:-
Specific - Measurable
Operational - Realistic
Flexible - Observable
Examples for nursing services goal and objectives:

14. Goal:
To utilize the nursing process in management of
patient care.
Objectives:
•To assess patient’s condition physically, socially,
and psychologically.
•To identify patient’s need and problems.
•To plan appropriate nursing care to meet patient’s
need.
•To implement plan of care.
•To evaluate nursing care.

15. 6.Policy
Is a general statement that has been formalized by
administrative authority to guide actions in
accomplishing the objectives of the organization.
SOURCES OF POLICIES
Philosophy of the organization and its desired
objectives.
Top level management.
Middle level management.
Externally obligatory policy such as government
control (outside organization)

16. II. Departmental policy ( regulations):
Are specific personnel policy that are
applied only to a specific department or
individual positions, e.g. nursing services
policies manual.
•Duty hours and its rotation
•Reporting on and off duty.
•Type of uniforms.
•Staff education.

17. TYPES OF POLICY
I. Personnel policies:
Concerned with all the hospital personnel. It include:-
•Personnel employment: hiring new employees and
promotion of present one.
•Arrangement of work: hours of work, holidays, sick
leaves.
•Employee’s services: health care program, health
insurance and pension.
•Training policy: purposes, type, time, and place for
conducting training.

18. III. Financial policies:
Are concerned with all the hospital
finance( money). It include:
•Sources of capital budget.
•Uses of capital budget.
•Distribution of salary.

19. 6- Regulations
Policies that are developed at middle level position
in an organization. They are guidelines for action
that only apply to department, e.g. nursing
procedure in ICU.
7- Routine
Policy which indicates when an activity is to be
performed, e.g. temperature of all patients must be
taken daily at 6 am.( time specification)
8-Rules
Statement that describe specific action taken or not
to be taken with respect to the situation, e.g. no
smoking is allowed in the room where Oxygen is
being administered.

20. 9-Standared
Is a descriptive professional statement of
desired or agreed level of performance or
care against which the level of care /
performance can be judged.
10- Criteria (Singular: criterion)
Are pre determined measurable elements
that will indicate if the standard is met, and
to what extent it was met.