This document reviews vermicomposting as an eco-friendly approach to handling organic waste. Vermicomposting uses earthworms to convert organic waste into humus-rich vermicompost. It discusses how various organic wastes from domestic, industrial, agricultural, and temple sources can be used as feedstocks for vermicomposting. The review also evaluates the most common earthworm species used for vermicomposting and their environmental tolerances. Vermicompost has benefits such as being a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer that improves soil quality and reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
Recycling of Recalcitrant Solid Waste from Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry thr...IJEAB
As per the estimates of World Health Organization (WHO) about 80% of world’s population depends on plant and plant products for their primary healthcare. Recently the demand for herbal drugs has increased many folds at the global level, as these herbal medicines do not have any side effects and its cost effectiveness. Huge quantities of solid waste is generated during the production of decoction using roots, stems, nuts, barks, seeds, flowers and fruits. This solid waste is recalcitrant in nature and the dried waste is very sharp and prickly in nature. Hence cannot be used as a fodder, like leguminous plants. At present, this solid waste is simply being disposed off on land. So it was envisaged to try vermicomposting of this solid waste using earthworm species of Eudrilus eugeniae, considering the high content of Volatile Solids of Total Solids to the tune of 81.78%, indicating its good degradable nature. Herbal solid waste depicted C/N ratio of 35.34 and the vermicompost had C/N ratio of 12.6. Volatile Solids reduction obtained is around 61.23% indicating good bioconversion of the waste. 18.6% moisture content further indicates good quality vermicompost production. Maturity of the compost was confirmed by microbial analysis and also by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Vermicompost prepared out of this herbal pharmaceutical solid waste depicted efficient porosity of 80.489% and water holding capacity of 87.5534%. Bulk density was around 0.9667 gm/cm3 indicating its suitability for agricultural activity.
Manufacturing of Vermicompost and Organic Manure. Profitable Investment in Organic Natural Plant Nutrient Industry.
Vermicompost
Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. Vermicomposting is a type of composting in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of organic waste conversion and produce a better end-product.
For More Details, Click Here: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/biotechnology-bio-technology-industrial-biotechnology-biotech-sector-industry-biotech-projects-enzymes-papain-phytase-lipase-enzyme-food-biotechnology-industrial-enzymes-vermiculture-vermicompost-biofertilizer-organic-farming-biogas/z,,2d,0,a/index.html
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/chemicals-biotechnology-enzymes-bio-fertilizer-vermiculture-vermicompost-chemical-allied-industries-alcohol-projects/z,,5,0,a/index.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Earthworms Vermicompost - A Powerful Crop Nutrient over the Conventional Compost & Protective Soil Conditioner; Gardening Guidebook for Australia www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Griffith University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Let us together free India from Pesticides & Chemical farming.
Earthworms rejuvenate soil fertility by converting organic waste into nutrient-rich vermicompost and
promote healthy plant growth.
In ancient times, farming was done in a manner conducive to human health and in accordance with the natural environment, due to which the cycle of exchange between organic and inorganic substances (ecosystem) continued continuously, as a result of which water, land, air and environment were polluted. It did not happen.
In India, since ancient times, cow rearing was done along with agriculture, the proof of which is in our scriptures, Lord Krishna and Balram, whom we address as Gopal and Haldhar, that is, agriculture and cow rearing combined are extremely profitable. Which was extremely useful for living beings and the environment.
But with the changing environment, cow rearing gradually declined. Now various types of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used in agriculture, as a result of which the balance of the cycle of organic and inorganic substances is deteriorating and the environment is getting polluted, affecting the health of mankind.
Now, instead of using chemical fertilizers and poisonous pesticides, we can achieve maximum production by using organic fertilizers and medicines, due to which the land, water and environment will remain pure and humans and every living being will remain healthy.
Benefits of Organic farming:
It not only increases the fertility and aeration of the soil, it also increases the water absorbing capacity of the soil.
Giving warm compost results in higher yields.
Weeds grow less in soil with warm compost and plants suffer less from diseases.
Exchange of ions between plants and soil increases.
Fields using vermicompost can increase production of various crops by 25-300%.
Dust prevents the soil from evaporating by sticking the particles together.
85% of the body of rats is made up of water, hence even in drought conditions, they can survive despite less water in their body and provide nitrogen to the soil after death.
It destroys termites and other harmful insects in the garden.
This reduces the cost of pesticides.
After its use, availability of nutrients remains for 2-3 crops.
Due to the activity of earthworms in the soil, proper environment is maintained for the roots of plants, due to which their proper development takes place.
It is prepared from garbage, dung and crop residues, Due to which the environment is not polluted.
It is prepared from garbage, dung and crop residues, Due to which the environment is not polluted.
Its use reduces the cost of irrigation.
The fertility of soil which is decreasing due to continuous use of chemical fertilizers can be increased by its use.
Vermicompost - An Organic Gold (Vermiculture and Vermicompost, Earthworm Farm...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material known as vermicompost. The municipal wastes; non-toxic solid and liquid waste of the industries and household garbage’s can also be converted into vermicompost in the same manner.
See more
https://goo.gl/jed0R6
https://goo.gl/8IWEuQ
https://goo.gl/euQMeR
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: http://www.niir.org , http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Advantages of vermicomposting, Advantages of vermiculture, Agro business: Vermiculture earthworms Farming, Application in Organic Agriculture, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan for Worm Farming, Business start-up, Business Startup commercial worm farming, Earthworm Farm Business, Earthworm Production, Earthworms end uses and potential, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to Build a Worm Farm, How to make a worm farm, How to make vermicompost, How to Prepare Vermicompost, How to start a successful Vermicompost business, How to Start a Vermicompost industry?, How to Start a Vermicompost Production Business, How to Start a Vermicomposting Bin, How to Start a Worm Bin System, How to start a worm compost, How to Start a Worm Farm Business, How to Start a Worm Farm for Profit, How to Start Vermicompost Processing Industry in India, How to Start Vermicomposting Business, How to start vermicomposting business in India, How to Start Vermiculture, How to start vermiculture business, Ideas and Plan to Start Vermiculture Business, Industrial Project Report, Manual of Farm Vermicomposting and Vermiculture, Materials used in vermicomposting, Most Profitable Vermicompost Processing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Vermicompost Manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Role of Earthworms, Setting up and opening your Vermicompost Business, Setting up of Vermicompost Processing Units, Small scale Commercial Vermicompost making, Small Scale Vermicompost Processing Projects, Small scale Vermicompost production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Worm Farm Business, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Business in Vermicomposting, Starting a Vermicompost Processing Business, Starting a Vermiculture Business
Recycling of Recalcitrant Solid Waste from Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry thr...IJEAB
As per the estimates of World Health Organization (WHO) about 80% of world’s population depends on plant and plant products for their primary healthcare. Recently the demand for herbal drugs has increased many folds at the global level, as these herbal medicines do not have any side effects and its cost effectiveness. Huge quantities of solid waste is generated during the production of decoction using roots, stems, nuts, barks, seeds, flowers and fruits. This solid waste is recalcitrant in nature and the dried waste is very sharp and prickly in nature. Hence cannot be used as a fodder, like leguminous plants. At present, this solid waste is simply being disposed off on land. So it was envisaged to try vermicomposting of this solid waste using earthworm species of Eudrilus eugeniae, considering the high content of Volatile Solids of Total Solids to the tune of 81.78%, indicating its good degradable nature. Herbal solid waste depicted C/N ratio of 35.34 and the vermicompost had C/N ratio of 12.6. Volatile Solids reduction obtained is around 61.23% indicating good bioconversion of the waste. 18.6% moisture content further indicates good quality vermicompost production. Maturity of the compost was confirmed by microbial analysis and also by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Vermicompost prepared out of this herbal pharmaceutical solid waste depicted efficient porosity of 80.489% and water holding capacity of 87.5534%. Bulk density was around 0.9667 gm/cm3 indicating its suitability for agricultural activity.
Manufacturing of Vermicompost and Organic Manure. Profitable Investment in Organic Natural Plant Nutrient Industry.
Vermicompost
Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. Vermicomposting is a type of composting in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of organic waste conversion and produce a better end-product.
For More Details, Click Here: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/biotechnology-bio-technology-industrial-biotechnology-biotech-sector-industry-biotech-projects-enzymes-papain-phytase-lipase-enzyme-food-biotechnology-industrial-enzymes-vermiculture-vermicompost-biofertilizer-organic-farming-biogas/z,,2d,0,a/index.html
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/chemicals-biotechnology-enzymes-bio-fertilizer-vermiculture-vermicompost-chemical-allied-industries-alcohol-projects/z,,5,0,a/index.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Earthworms Vermicompost - A Powerful Crop Nutrient over the Conventional Compost & Protective Soil Conditioner; Gardening Guidebook for Australia www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Griffith University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Let us together free India from Pesticides & Chemical farming.
Earthworms rejuvenate soil fertility by converting organic waste into nutrient-rich vermicompost and
promote healthy plant growth.
In ancient times, farming was done in a manner conducive to human health and in accordance with the natural environment, due to which the cycle of exchange between organic and inorganic substances (ecosystem) continued continuously, as a result of which water, land, air and environment were polluted. It did not happen.
In India, since ancient times, cow rearing was done along with agriculture, the proof of which is in our scriptures, Lord Krishna and Balram, whom we address as Gopal and Haldhar, that is, agriculture and cow rearing combined are extremely profitable. Which was extremely useful for living beings and the environment.
But with the changing environment, cow rearing gradually declined. Now various types of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used in agriculture, as a result of which the balance of the cycle of organic and inorganic substances is deteriorating and the environment is getting polluted, affecting the health of mankind.
Now, instead of using chemical fertilizers and poisonous pesticides, we can achieve maximum production by using organic fertilizers and medicines, due to which the land, water and environment will remain pure and humans and every living being will remain healthy.
Benefits of Organic farming:
It not only increases the fertility and aeration of the soil, it also increases the water absorbing capacity of the soil.
Giving warm compost results in higher yields.
Weeds grow less in soil with warm compost and plants suffer less from diseases.
Exchange of ions between plants and soil increases.
Fields using vermicompost can increase production of various crops by 25-300%.
Dust prevents the soil from evaporating by sticking the particles together.
85% of the body of rats is made up of water, hence even in drought conditions, they can survive despite less water in their body and provide nitrogen to the soil after death.
It destroys termites and other harmful insects in the garden.
This reduces the cost of pesticides.
After its use, availability of nutrients remains for 2-3 crops.
Due to the activity of earthworms in the soil, proper environment is maintained for the roots of plants, due to which their proper development takes place.
It is prepared from garbage, dung and crop residues, Due to which the environment is not polluted.
It is prepared from garbage, dung and crop residues, Due to which the environment is not polluted.
Its use reduces the cost of irrigation.
The fertility of soil which is decreasing due to continuous use of chemical fertilizers can be increased by its use.
Vermicompost - An Organic Gold (Vermiculture and Vermicompost, Earthworm Farm...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material known as vermicompost. The municipal wastes; non-toxic solid and liquid waste of the industries and household garbage’s can also be converted into vermicompost in the same manner.
See more
https://goo.gl/jed0R6
https://goo.gl/8IWEuQ
https://goo.gl/euQMeR
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: http://www.niir.org , http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Advantages of vermicomposting, Advantages of vermiculture, Agro business: Vermiculture earthworms Farming, Application in Organic Agriculture, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan for Worm Farming, Business start-up, Business Startup commercial worm farming, Earthworm Farm Business, Earthworm Production, Earthworms end uses and potential, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to Build a Worm Farm, How to make a worm farm, How to make vermicompost, How to Prepare Vermicompost, How to start a successful Vermicompost business, How to Start a Vermicompost industry?, How to Start a Vermicompost Production Business, How to Start a Vermicomposting Bin, How to Start a Worm Bin System, How to start a worm compost, How to Start a Worm Farm Business, How to Start a Worm Farm for Profit, How to Start Vermicompost Processing Industry in India, How to Start Vermicomposting Business, How to start vermicomposting business in India, How to Start Vermiculture, How to start vermiculture business, Ideas and Plan to Start Vermiculture Business, Industrial Project Report, Manual of Farm Vermicomposting and Vermiculture, Materials used in vermicomposting, Most Profitable Vermicompost Processing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Vermicompost Manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Role of Earthworms, Setting up and opening your Vermicompost Business, Setting up of Vermicompost Processing Units, Small scale Commercial Vermicompost making, Small Scale Vermicompost Processing Projects, Small scale Vermicompost production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Worm Farm Business, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Business in Vermicomposting, Starting a Vermicompost Processing Business, Starting a Vermiculture Business
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. *Corresponding Author: Heena Shah, Email: heena.shah@meu.edu.in
ISSN 0976 – 3333
REVIEW ARTICLE
ICLE
Available Online at www.ijpba.info
International Journal of Pharmaceutical& Biological Archives 2017; 8(5): 10-13
Production of Vermi Compost from Organic Waste: A Review
*Heena Shah1
, Farha Ansari1
1*
Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur (MP) India
Received 29 Aug 2017; Revised 09 Sep 2017; Accepted 20Sep 2017
ABSTRACT
Generation of the huge amount of organic waste around the world-wide is a major ecological issue. When these
organic wastes are recycled as manure for crop production & are subjected to the degradation & assimilative
capacity of soil, pollution of streams & rivers receiving these wastes is reduced to a large extent as compared to the
direct disposal in water bodies. Utilization of these organic wastes for productivity process is important for
economic & environmental reasons. Vermicomposting may be the viable option to handle solid waste. This review
provides a general overview of viability of vermicomposting processes as an ecofriendly approach. The approach is
based on that perception that tomorrow’s ecology is more important than today’s economy. The integrated approach
of composting and vermicomposting processes provides better results.
INTRODUCTION
Forthe first time, in 1970, vermicomposting was started
in Ontario (Canada). Currently, the USA, Japan &
Philippines are the leaders of vermicompost producers.
In recent years, Indian Government & non-government
organizations are also trying to popularize the
vermicomposting process to turn Indian farmers
towards Organic Farming. Organic farming is a crop
production system that involves the use of renewable
resources & recycling, returning to the soil the nutrients
found in waste products & also excludes synthetically
compounded fertilizer, pesticide, growth regulators etc.
Vermicomposting is a biotechnological process, in
which earthworms are employed to convert the waste
into humus like material called Vermicompost.
“Vermicomposting technology” is a fast growing one
with its pollution free, cost effective and efficient
nature. Vermicompost is organic manure produced by
the activity of earthworms. An earthworm has a long
rounded body with a pointed head & flattened posterior
& has no back bone so it can twist & turn. Earthworms
are hermaphrodites, which mean they have both male &
female sex organs.Earthworms play an important role
in the cycling of plant nutrients, turnover of organic
matter & maintenance of soil structure. They can
consume 10-20% of their own biomass per day i.e. one
kg earthworms can consume 1 kg Organic material in a
day. They ingest organic matter with a relatively wide
C: N ratio & convert it to earthworm tissue with a lower
C: N ratio. Thus they affect the physico-chemical
properties of soil. They secrete as casting which are
rich in Ca, Mg, K, N, P & useful microorganisms.
Researchers have identified and named more than 4400
distinct species of earthworm. Each with unique
physical and behavioral characteristics that distinguish
them one from the other. While earthworm taxonomists
identified thousands of individual worm species; out of
them only SIX have been identified useful in
vermicomposting systems to date. Here Five species are
evaluated based on their ability to tolerate a wide range
of environmental conditions and fluctuations, and their
growth and breeding rate are displayed in Table 1.Two
species-Eisenia fetida (Red Worm) and Eudrilus
engeniae (African Night rawler) are most commonly
used for vermicornposting.
Table I: Earthworms used in Vermicomposting
S. No. Biological Name
(Common Name)
Category
Temperature Range Reproductiv
e Rate
No. of Young per
cocoon
Time of
emerge from
cocoon
Time of Sexual
Maturity
ºF / ºC Young per
worm per
week
Days Days
1.
Eisenia Fetida / Eisenia
Andrei (Red worm, Red
wiggler brading worm)
Eigeic worms
38 - 70 - 80 - 88/
3.5-21.1-26.7-31.1
10 3 30-75 85-180
Most useful for vermicomposting system
Eudrius Eugeniae 15 - 70 - 80 - 90/ 7 2 15-30 30-95