2. Describe an advantage and a limitation to tracing ancestry with b.pdf

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Tracing ancestry with mitochondrial DNA and Y-DNA has the advantage of providing information about historical human evolution over thousands of years, but is limited in its ability to unravel full familial relationships. Autosomal DNA provides a more complete picture of ancestral inheritance patterns, but has ethical limitations when used for prenatal ancestral tracing.

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2. Describe an advantage and a limitation to tracing ancestry with both types of DNA.
Solution
The tracing of ancestral origins using mitochondrial DNA, Y-DNA & autosomal DNA is
advantageous to know about the historical evolutionary aspects of humans from thousands of
years based on short tandem repeats, radioactive labeling & based on single nucleotide
polymorphism. This Genetic genealogy is advantageous to unravel familial relationships but has
ethical and moral limitations when examining prenatal ancestral tracing& the information about
the ancestral DNA is limited to reveal about the inheritance pattern

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How does each of the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes influence bacterial infection and treatment Solution The differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as cell wall, nucleus, flagella, membrane-bound organelles, genetic makeup, metabolic differences and antigenicity are responsible for the infection and treatment of bacterial diseases. For example, the bacteria contains cell wall, which is absence in animal cells. So, cell wall synthesis inhibition is a strategy in the treatment of bacterial infections..

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The tools that cyber criminals often use, including computer viruses, worms, trojan horses and spyware, are called . Solution most of the cyber crimes are committed by the individuals or small groups and their attack techniques ie there are few type of attacks that cyber criminal use to commit crimes ie botnet -a network of software robots or bots that automatically spread malware , fast flux- moving data quickly among the computers in botnet to make it difficult to trace the source of malware or phishing websites , zoombie computer - a computer that has been hacked into and is used to launch malacious attacks or to become part of botnet , social engineering - using lies and manipulation to trick people into revealing their personal information and phishing is form of social engineering and this attack include ie sending a victims an email that claims theirs problem with their account and has a link to fake the website and entering their account information into the site sends it atraight to the cyber criminal and trying to convince victims to open an email attachments that contain malware by claiming it is something that might enjoy or need and pretending to be network or account administrator and asking for the victims password to perfom maintainance and claiming that victim has won prize must give the credit card informaition in order to receive it and asking for the victims password for an internet service and then using the same password to access other accounts and servicessince many people reuse the same password and promising the victim that they wil send the millions of dollarsif they help out sender by giving the money or the bank account information there are some gey hat hackers who wants to come clean and turn away from crime an option is to work for the people they used to torment by becoming security consultant in past they were black hat hackers who use their computer expertise to break into the computer systems and steal information illegally . therefore the tools that cyber criminals often use including computer viruses , worms torjan horses and spyware are called spam denial of service hacking malware. typically a spam is sent to multiple receipients who didnot ask to recieve it and it includes email spam and instant messaging spam , websearch engine spam spam inn blogs and mobile phone messaging spam and it includes misleading advertisements and phishing messages and designed to trick reciepients in giving personal information and financial information .these are the tools that cyber criminals use..

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The Poisson distribution analysis can be used to calculate the titer.pdf

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Save I need help with this maze gui that I wrote in java, I am trying to find the shortest path but I dont know how to implement the FindshortestPath Method. I was given this as a stragedy to solve the findshortestpathMethod(): Create two LinkedLists of MazeMap objects. One will be the list of map objects for cells at distance x from the center. The other will be the list of map objects for cells at distance x + 1. Initialize the list at distance x to contain a MazeMap object which refers to the center cell of the maze. Since this map object refers to the center cell, it does not need to refer to any other MazeMap object, so its MazeMap reference can be set to null. Set the center cell’s visited field to true to indicate that this cell has already been added to the map. Set up a loop to run until the maze entrance is mapped. This loop does the following: Set up a loop to process each map object from the list at distance x. This loop does the following: i.Get the cell from the map object ii.If this cell is the entrance cell, set the entrance and break out of the loop! iii.Check each direction from this cell and for an accessible neighbor cell Get a reference to that neighbor cell If the neighbor cell has not already been visited Set the cell’s visited field to true so its only processed once Create a MazeMap object that refers to this neighbor cell Make this MazeMap object refer to the current map object being processed – ie the cell one step closer to center Add this MazeMap object to the list at distance x + 1 List at distance x has been processed. The list at distance x + 1 is now complete, so make the list at distance x refer to list at distance x + 1. Then create a new empty list for the list at distance x + 1. At this point, the entrance points at the map object which refers to cell 1,1. That map object also refers to a map object which is one step closer to the center. Write a loop that traverses this trail of references until it reaches the end (a null reference). For each map object: Get the cell referred to. Call the drawCircle method with a color, the cell’s row and column, and SMALL. Call the delay method with a SHORT delay. This slows down the drawing process so you can watch the path being displayed. Advance to the next map object in the list. here is the code so far********* here is my code: ******mazeApp******* package mazepackage; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.application.Platform; import javafx.scene.Group; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas; import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext; import javafx.scene.control.TextInputDialog; import javafx.scene.paint.Color; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class MazeApp extends Application { // default canvas size is DEFAULT_SIZE-by-DEFAULT_SIZE private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 768; private int width = DEFAULT_SIZE; private int height = DEFAULT_SIZE; // The graphics context is needed to enable drawing on the canvas private Graphics.

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