This document contains notes from a summer course on C strings and C++ strings. It discusses the basics of C strings as arrays of characters terminated by a null character. It also covers initializing and manipulating C strings, comparing strings, and input/output. For C++ strings, it discusses the string class and methods for accessing and manipulating characters within a string. The document concludes with examples of converting between C strings and C++ strings.

1. Kinan keshkeh
IT Engineering-Damascus University
3rd year
Summer course- 2014
2 bytes team

2. Strings !

3. Strings
1.C- String (Array of chars )
2.Objects from String Classs

4. C-Strings !

5. C-Strings
•It’s an Array of chars ends with ‘ 0 ’ (NULL character)
•Syntax :
char Array_Name[Maximum_C-string_Size + 1];

6. C-Strings
•char s[10+=“Hi Mom!”

7. C-Strings
•It’s an Array of chars ends with ‘ 0 ’ (NULL character)
•Syntax :
char Array_Name[Maximum_C-string_Size + 1];
•initialize:
•char arr*+=“kinan”
•char arr[10+=“kinan”
•char aString[10]; aString = "Hello";

8. C-Strings
•It’s an Array of chars ends with ‘ 0 ’ (NULL character)
•Syntax :
char Array_Name[Maximum_C-string_Size + 1];
•initialize:
•char arr*+=“kinan”
•char arr[10+=“kinan”
•char aString[10]; aString = "Hello";
An Error , you cant write that !!!

9. C-Strings
•char arr[5+=,‘k’,’i’,’n’,’a’,’n’-;
•char arr[10+=,‘k’,’i’,’n’,’a’,’n’-;

10. C-Strings
•char arr[5+=,‘k’,’i’,’n’,’a’,’n’-;
•char arr[10+=,‘k’,’i’,’n’,’a’,’n’-;
An Error cause the ‘0’ isn’t added
•char arr[6+=,‘k’,’i’,’n’,’a’,’n’-;
This is true !

11. C-Strings
1.#include <iostream>;
2.using namespace std;
3.int main(){
4.char A[]="Pascal", B[20]="Ahmad" ;
5.cout <<"A contains '"<< A<<"'"
6.<<", its size :"<< sizeof (A) <<endl;
7.cout <<"B contains '"<< B<<"'"
8.<<", its size :"<< sizeof (B) <<endl;
9.}
A contains 'Pascal', its size :7
B contains 'Ahmad', its size :20

12. C-Strings
1.#include <iostream>;
2.using namespace std;
3.int main(){
4.char A[]="Pascal", B[20]="Ahmad" ;
5.cout <<"A contains '"<< A<<"'"
6.<<", its size :"<< sizeof (A) <<endl;
7.cout <<"B contains '"<< B<<"'"
8.<<", its size :"<< sizeof (B) <<endl;
9.}
A contains 'Pascal', its size :7
B contains 'Ahmad', its size :20

13. C-Strings
#include <iostream>; using namespace std; int main(){ char ourString[20]="Blaise Pascal" ; int index = 0; while (ourString[index] != '0') { if (ourString[index]==' ') ourString[index]='-'; index++; } cout << ourString; }
Blaise-Pascal

14. C-Strings

15. C-Strings

16. C-Strings

17. C-Strings

18. C-Strings

19. C-Strings
•char aString[10]; aString = "Hello";
An Error , you cant write that !!!
•char aString[10]; strcpy(aString ," Hello");
But with strcpy u can !!

20. C-Strings
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char ourString[14]="KINAN" ;
strcpy(ourString,"keshkeh!!");
cout<<ourString<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0 ;}
keshkeh!!

21. C-Strings
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char ourString[6]="KINAN" ;
strcpy(ourString,"keshkehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!!");
cout<<ourString<<endl;
system("pause");
return 0 ;}
keshkehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!!
compile and run but with warring

22. C-Strings
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char ourString[20]="Blaise Pascal";
if (strcmp(ourString, "Blaise Pascal"))
cout << "The strings are NOT the same.";
else
cout << "The strings are the same.";
system("pause"); return 0 ;}
The strings are the same.

23. C-Strings
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char ourString[20]="Blaise Pascal";
cout<<strcmp(ourString, "Blaise Pascal")<<endl;
system("pause"); return 0 ;}
0

24. C-Strings
The Operation
Methods
Input /output
const int size=10;
char arr[size];
cin>>arr;
const int max=10;
char arr[max];
cin.getline( arr,max);
const int max=20;
char arr[max];
cin.get( arr,max,’$’); /* ’$’ when u will end*/
cout<<arr;
cout<<arr;
cout<<arr;
ends in Enter+doesn’t take spaces (ex”ki sks” take ”ki” )
so you can’t input more than
Takes the spaces ‘ ‘ ,but doesn’t take Enter if any
(ex “ ki na n
keshkeh” , take
“ki na n“(till Eenter))
-Takse Enter + spaces (ex
“ki n a
n ke
shkeh ” take all (till 20 chars))
- it can be: cin.get( char);

25. C-Strings
cout << "Enter a line of input and I will echo it:n"; char symbol; do { cin.get(symbol); cout << symbol; - while (symbol != ’n’); cout << "That’s all for this demonstration.n";
Enter a line of input and I will echo it:
Do Be Do 1 2 34
Do Be Do 1 2 34
That’s all for this demonstration.

26. Character Manipulation Tools

27. Character Manipulation Tools

28. Character Manipulation Tools

29. Character Manipulation Tools

30. String !

31. String
•It’s a library .
•Like any type .
•You can use ‘+’, ‘=’, ‘==’ ,’<=’ .

32. String

33. String
The Operation
Methods
Input /output
String name;
cin>>name;
String name;
getline( cin , name);
String name;
getline( cin , name,’$’);
/* ’$’ when u will end*/
cout<<name;
cout<<name;
cout<<name;
ends in Enter+doesn’t take spaces (ex”ki sks” take ”ki” )
so you can’t input more than
Takes the spaces ‘ ‘ ,but doesn’t take Enter if any
(ex “ ki na n
keshkeh” , take
“ki na n“(till Eenter))
-Takse Enter + spaces (ex
“ki n a
n ke
shkeh ” take all (till 20 chars))

34. String
•You can access the characters in a string object in the same way that you access array elements
#include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; int main( ) { string name="ali"; for (unsigned int i=0;i<name.length();i++) name[i]=toupper(name[i]); //or name.at(i)=toupper(name.at(i)); cout << name << endl; }

35. String
•If we have :
char aCString[] = "This is my C-string.";
string stringVariable;
strcpy(aCString, stringVariable);
aCString = stringVariable;
aCString = stringVariable.c_str( );

36. String
•If we have :
char aCString[] = "This is my C-string."; string stringVariable;
strcpy(aCString, stringVariable);
aCString = stringVariable;
aCString = stringVariable.c_str( );
False !!
strcpy(stringVariable.c_str( ), aCString);
True !!

37. String

38. String

39. Code discussion 4

40. Code discussion 4

41. Code discussion 4

42. Code discussion 4

43. Code discussion 4

44. That’s for today
Have a good day !
Bye Bye !

45. 2 bytes team
Group : group link
Mobile phone- Kinan : 0994385748
Facebook account : kinan’s account
2 bytes team