This document covers safety procedures for working with gas cylinders and high pressure equipment. It discusses selecting appropriate materials based on factors like pressure, temperature, and corrosion resistance. Standard operating procedures address installing pressure gauges, avoiding rapid pressure changes, properly earthing pipelines, and slowly cooling direct fired vessels. Rupture discs and safety valves are addressed to safely relieve overpressure. Regular inspection and testing of welds is recommended to check for cracks. Specific gases like oxygen require special handling procedures due to reactivity. Unauthorized access to high pressure areas should be restricted and clearly marked.

1. ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND RISK
MANAGEMENT

2. LESSON 2
GAS CYLINDERS
INTRODUCTION
PRESSURE
HIGH PRESSURE USAGES
PRODUCTION/MAINTENANCE OF A LIQUID
STORAGE OF GASES
COMPRESSION OF SOLIDS
SEPERATION OF LIQUIDS FROM SOLIDS
INCREASING GAS SOLUBILITY IN LIQUIDS
INCREASE OF CHEMICALS REACTION RATES
SHIFTING CHEMICALS EQUIPTMENTS

3. AUTOCLAVES
GAS CYLINDERS
OXYGEN CYLINDERS
ACETYLENE CYLINDERS
HYDROGEN CYLINDERS
HIGH PRESSURE MATERIALS SELECTION:
a) WORKING PRESSURE
b) WORKING TEMPERATURE
c) SIZE OF VESSEL
d) CORROSION ASPECT OF THE PROCESS

4. e) STRESS CONDITIONS TO BE CONSIDERED
f) LOCAL ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS
g) THE STRENGHT OF MATERIALS
a) YIELD STRENGHT
b) PLASTIC DEFORMATION ANMD DUCTILITY
c) FRACTURE STRENGTH OR TOUGHNESSS
d) HIGH TEMEPRATURE STRENGTH

5. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES:
a) PRESSURE GAUGES LIKE BOURDON TYPE SHOULD BE INSTALLED
ABOVE EYE LEVEL TYPE SHOULD NEVER BE ALLOWED TO COORRODE
TWO RAPID RISE OF PRESSURE OF FALLL OF PRESSURE MUST BE
AVOIDED.
b) FLAMMABLE GASES AT HIGH PRESURE ON RUBBING AGAINST WALL OF
METALLIC PIPES WILL CAUSE STATIC ELECTRICITY DISCHARGE GOOD
EARTHING IS ESSENTIAL ON THESE PIPE LINES
c) DIRECT FIRED VESSELS SHOULD NOT BE EMPTIED SUDDENLT THEY
ARE ALOWLY COOLED BY THE FLUID RUNNING IN SLOW VELOCITIES

6. d. BURSTING OF RUPTURE DISC HAPPENS WHEN VESELS CAUSE
SUDDEN HIGH TEMPERATURES WHICH MAY IGNITE FLAMMABLE
GASES SUFFICIENT VENTING HEIGHT IS NECESSARY FOR SAFE
PASSAGE OF ESCAPED GASES
e. TWO SAFETY VALUES ONE OPEARTING AT SLIGHTLY LOWER
PRESSURE IS ADVANTAGEOUS IN VERY HIGH PRESSURE
EQUIPTMENT
f. RUPTURE DISCS HOWEVER GOOD SHOULD BE FREQUENTLY
CHECKED AND CHANGED THEY GET HARDENED AND MAY FAIL TO
RUPTURE WHEN PRESSURE EXCEEDS NORMAL OPERATING
PRESSURE CORROSION OF INNER SIDE MUST BE FREQUENTLY
CHECKED

7. g. A RUPTURE DISC IS NORMALLY FITTED TO RELEIVE AT ABOUT 1.5
TIMES THE WORKING PRESSURE IT MAY BE EVEN 1.3 DEPENDING
UPON THE CONDITION OF OPERATIONS.
h. CARBON MONOXIDE ATTACK SEVERLY NICKEL SIMILARLY MERCURY
ATTACK COPPER AND BRASSES IT MAY ATTACK STEEL AT HIGH
PRESSURE HENCE THESE SITUATION MUST BE AVOIDED.
i. ANY LEAK DEVELOPED MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSION HENCE
THEY MUST BE REPAIRED QUICKLY BY SLOW RELEASE OF
PRESSURE FIRST AND THEN REPAIRS CARRIED OUT.

8. HIGH PRESSURE EQUIPTMENT MUST BE CONFINED IN SPECIAL ROOMS
HAVING THICK WALLS OR BARRICADES THE HIGH PRESSURE GASES
MUST BE QUICKLY VENTILATED TO THE TOP MOST POINT OF BUILDING
k. WELDED EQUIPTMENT OPERATED AT LOW TEMPERATURES AT LOW
TEMPERATURES BELOW ZERO TEMPEARTURES SHOULD BE HEAT
TREATED TO RELEIVE LOCKED UP STRESSES EXPERT WELDESR
SHOULD BE ENGAGED TO FREQUENT RADIOLOGY TESTS OF THESE
EQUIPTMENT MUST BE CARRIED OUT FOR ANY POSSIBLE CRACKS
DEVELOPED DURING OPERATION
l. OILS SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS LUBRICANT WHEN OXYGEN IS
COMPRESSED AIR LINES SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR CARRYING
OXYGEN
m. PRESSURE JOINTS SHOULD NOT BE TIGHTENED UNDER
PRESSURE

9. n. REGULAR INSPECTION HYDRAULIC TESTING AT 1.5 TIMES THE
QORKING PRESSURE SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY EXPERIENCED
STAFF PERSONALLY
o. TOO RAPID RISE IN EITHER PRESSURE OR TEMPEARTURE SHOULD
BE AVOIDED LARGE TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS IN THE WALLS OF
THE VESSELS LEAD TO HIGH STRESSES
p. SAFETY VALVES AND RUPTURE DISCS SHOULD BE PIPED TO
DICHARGE AT A PLACE WHERE IT CAN CAUSE NO HARM THE
DISCHARGE LINE MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT DIAMETER TO CARRY
THE EXCESS LOAD RELEASE.

10. q. IT IS OFTEN ADVISABLE TO HAVE MORE THAN ONE PERSON
WORKING IN THE HIGH PRESSURE ZONE TOO MANY PERSONS
ALSO MUST BE AVOIDED
r. GAS STORAGE SYSTEMS MUST NEVER BE ALLOWED TO MIX
ANALYSIS SHOULD BE CHECKED FREQUENTLY
s. SAND DIKES SANDY FLOOR MUST BE HAD SURROUNDING THE
FLAMMABLE LIQUID STORAGE TANKS
t. ALL HIGH PRESSURE AREAS SHOULDBE CLEARLY MARKED ANMD
GUARDED AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY.

11. LESSON 3 EXPLOSIVES
INTRODUCTION
a) CHEMICAL ENERGY SUCH AS NITROGLYCERINE OR GRAIN DUST
b) PRESSURIZED COMPRESSED GAS SUCH AS GAS CYLINDERS OR
AEROSOL
c) NUCLEAR SUCH AS FISSILE ISOTOPES OF URANIUM 235 AND
PLUTONIUM 239

12. EXPLOSIVE CHEMICALS
PRIMARY EXPLOSIVES
HIGH EXPLOSIVES
TERTIARY EXPLOSIVES
LOW EXPLOSIVES
EXPLOSIVE CHARACTER
CHEMICAL REACTION
DECOMPOSITION
DEFLAGRATION
DETONATION

13. EXOTIC
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS
AVAILABILITY AND COST
SENTIVITY
IMPACT
FRICTION
HEAT
VELOCITY OF DETONATION
VOLATILITY
STABILITY
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
MINE EXPLOSION

14. COURSES:
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Certificate in fire and safety engineering
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PG diploma in fire and safety engineering
Certificate in oil and Gas safety
Diploma in oil and Gas safety
Diploma in health ,safety and Environment
PG diploma in Health ,safety Environment

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Students passed out from this institute can find job opportunities as Safety Supervisor,
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