This document discusses financing water and sanitation projects through capital markets and different financial instruments. It begins by outlining the goals of exploring how to use a national capital market for integrated water resource management. It then defines various legal forms and financial instruments that can be used to fund water projects, such as special purpose vehicles, public-private partnerships, bonds, and loans. The document also discusses how to develop local capital markets, drawing on experiences from India and Africa. It argues that public-private partnerships can work well if the public and private sectors play to their respective strengths, and concludes by encouraging participants to discuss financing water projects in their own contexts.
This document discusses financing water and sanitation projects through capital markets and different financial instruments. It begins by outlining the goals of exploring how to use a national capital market for integrated water resource management. It then defines various legal forms and financial instruments that can be used to fund water projects, such as special purpose vehicles, public-private partnerships, bonds, and loans. The document also discusses how to develop local capital markets, drawing on experiences from India and Africa. It argues that public-private partnerships can work well if the public and private sectors play to their respective strengths, and concludes by encouraging participants to discuss financing water projects in their own contexts.
This document discusses various economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It examines in detail the main financing options for water systems, including the pros and cons of each option and how they can be applied in different circumstances. The options covered include water and sewerage charges, government grants and loans, external grants such as development aid, philanthropic partnerships, commercial loans and bonds, and private equity. It also discusses how risk guarantees can be used to facilitate financing. The document provides examples of how these instruments have been applied to finance activities like flood risk management. It concludes by suggesting a role play exercise where participants negotiate a funding scheme between a central government and local authority to improve local access to water and sanitation.
7. chapter 4 application of economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document discusses criteria for evaluating economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines technical and allocative efficiency criteria as well as equity, environmental, administrative, and political criteria. It then explores specific economic instruments like water tariffs, subsidies, fees, charges, and tradable water rights. The document emphasizes that economic instruments should be tailored to local contexts and assessed through participatory processes to facilitate IWRM goals.
This document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management (IWRM). It provides an overview of different cost categories and potential funding sources for the water sector. Some key points include:
- Financial instruments generate revenue for water sector operations and development, while economic instruments influence user behavior and resource allocation.
- Recurrent costs include wages, fuel, and maintenance, while capital costs cover large infrastructure investments.
- Potential funding sources include government grants, user fees, external donors, private sector financing, and public-private partnerships.
- Successful financing strategies balance public financing of public goods, cost recovery from users, and tapping multiple sources of funding.
The document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines the major issues facing water management, including achieving development goals, climate change, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. It explains that water should be viewed and managed as an economic good. Economic principles like cost recovery and "polluter pays" can help achieve a more rational use of resources. Financial instruments are also important for investments and covering costs. Key criteria for water management decisions are efficiency, equity, and sustainability. The document argues for considering economic, financial, social, and environmental factors for true sustainability.
This document introduces four key principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM):
1) Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource that requires a holistic approach considering social, economic, and environmental factors.
2) Water development and management should involve participatory decision-making at all levels, though achieving full consensus can be challenging.
3) Women play a central, though often underrecognized, role in water provision, management, and protection. Gender considerations are important for IWRM.
4) Water has economic value for competing uses and should be managed as both an economic and social good through appropriate pricing and allocation.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
This document introduces economic and financial instruments for integrated water resources management (IWRM). It defines economics as allocating scarce resources, and financial instruments as maximizing returns on investments. Economic instruments for water management include water tariffs, abstraction charges, subsidies, and taxes. Barriers to implementing IWRM include sectoral interests, professional insecurities, and socio-cultural myths. Approaches to overcoming barriers include negotiating differences, cross-sectoral integration through formal mechanisms, and reforms to legal/institutional frameworks and financing. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency to achieve sustainable water management.
This document discusses various methods for valuing water to support the use of economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines cost-benefit analysis and different approaches for estimating demand and willingness to pay for water. These include demand curves, hedonic pricing, travel cost methods, and contingent valuation. Methods for valuing water as an intermediate good, like agriculture and power generation, are also presented, including residual and alternative cost approaches. The document encourages considering which valuation methods are most useful and feasible given available resources.
This document discusses local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It outlines the need to increase coverage of water and sanitation services globally. Local finance mechanisms aim to ensure sufficient long-term revenue for service delivery, quality improvements, and expanding coverage, especially for low-income consumers. Actors that can help access local financing include funds, microfinance institutions, small towns, the domestic private sector, and utilities. An enabling environment for local financing requires support at the policy, intermediate, and community levels, including capacity building, decentralized fiscal revenues, and transparent community-level management. Constraints to innovative local financing include limited outreach, diversification, and additional finance not always being the solution
5. chapter 3 introduction to economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document introduces economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It discusses the public good nature of water and concepts of supply and demand. The document advocates for a full cost recovery approach to pricing water services. Economic instruments, including water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits, can help balance supply and demand when water markets fail due to its public good characteristics. These instruments are defined and their role in demand management and integrated water resource management is explained.
This document discusses various economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It examines in detail the main financing options for water systems, including the pros and cons of each option and how they can be applied in different circumstances. The options covered include water and sewerage charges, government grants and loans, external grants such as development aid, philanthropic partnerships, commercial loans and bonds, and private equity. It also discusses how risk guarantees can be used to facilitate financing. The document provides examples of how these instruments have been applied to finance activities like flood risk management. It concludes by suggesting a role play exercise where participants negotiate a funding scheme between a central government and local authority to improve local access to water and sanitation.
7. chapter 4 application of economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document discusses criteria for evaluating economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines technical and allocative efficiency criteria as well as equity, environmental, administrative, and political criteria. It then explores specific economic instruments like water tariffs, subsidies, fees, charges, and tradable water rights. The document emphasizes that economic instruments should be tailored to local contexts and assessed through participatory processes to facilitate IWRM goals.
This document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management (IWRM). It provides an overview of different cost categories and potential funding sources for the water sector. Some key points include:
- Financial instruments generate revenue for water sector operations and development, while economic instruments influence user behavior and resource allocation.
- Recurrent costs include wages, fuel, and maintenance, while capital costs cover large infrastructure investments.
- Potential funding sources include government grants, user fees, external donors, private sector financing, and public-private partnerships.
- Successful financing strategies balance public financing of public goods, cost recovery from users, and tapping multiple sources of funding.
The document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines the major issues facing water management, including achieving development goals, climate change, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. It explains that water should be viewed and managed as an economic good. Economic principles like cost recovery and "polluter pays" can help achieve a more rational use of resources. Financial instruments are also important for investments and covering costs. Key criteria for water management decisions are efficiency, equity, and sustainability. The document argues for considering economic, financial, social, and environmental factors for true sustainability.
This document introduces four key principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM):
1) Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource that requires a holistic approach considering social, economic, and environmental factors.
2) Water development and management should involve participatory decision-making at all levels, though achieving full consensus can be challenging.
3) Women play a central, though often underrecognized, role in water provision, management, and protection. Gender considerations are important for IWRM.
4) Water has economic value for competing uses and should be managed as both an economic and social good through appropriate pricing and allocation.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
This document introduces economic and financial instruments for integrated water resources management (IWRM). It defines economics as allocating scarce resources, and financial instruments as maximizing returns on investments. Economic instruments for water management include water tariffs, abstraction charges, subsidies, and taxes. Barriers to implementing IWRM include sectoral interests, professional insecurities, and socio-cultural myths. Approaches to overcoming barriers include negotiating differences, cross-sectoral integration through formal mechanisms, and reforms to legal/institutional frameworks and financing. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency to achieve sustainable water management.
This document discusses various methods for valuing water to support the use of economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines cost-benefit analysis and different approaches for estimating demand and willingness to pay for water. These include demand curves, hedonic pricing, travel cost methods, and contingent valuation. Methods for valuing water as an intermediate good, like agriculture and power generation, are also presented, including residual and alternative cost approaches. The document encourages considering which valuation methods are most useful and feasible given available resources.
This document discusses local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It outlines the need to increase coverage of water and sanitation services globally. Local finance mechanisms aim to ensure sufficient long-term revenue for service delivery, quality improvements, and expanding coverage, especially for low-income consumers. Actors that can help access local financing include funds, microfinance institutions, small towns, the domestic private sector, and utilities. An enabling environment for local financing requires support at the policy, intermediate, and community levels, including capacity building, decentralized fiscal revenues, and transparent community-level management. Constraints to innovative local financing include limited outreach, diversification, and additional finance not always being the solution
5. chapter 3 introduction to economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document introduces economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It discusses the public good nature of water and concepts of supply and demand. The document advocates for a full cost recovery approach to pricing water services. Economic instruments, including water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits, can help balance supply and demand when water markets fail due to its public good characteristics. These instruments are defined and their role in demand management and integrated water resource management is explained.
Разрешение конфликтов и навыки ведения переговоров в сфере ИУВР
1. Conflict Resolution and Negotiation
Skills for Integrated Water Resources
Management
Session Three: Approaches
to Conflict Analysis, Management
and Resolution
2. Goal and objectives of the session
ЦЕЛИ
Понять, что такое конфликт по воде и какова его
природа,
Внедрить методы анализа конфликтов
Выделить различные методы для разрешения
конфликтов; оценить полезность ADR
(Альтернативное разрешение споров);
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ
Знание ADR как необходимая составляющая
успешного ИУВР.
3. Goal and objectives of the session
НАВЫКИ
Применение специальных инструментов
для систематического анализа коренных
причин конфликта.
4. Outline presentation
Что такое конфликт
Природа водных конфликтов
Продвижение к соглашению: Карта
Конфликт процессов
Урегулирования и разрешения
конфликтов
5. 1.What is conflict?
Конфликт определяется как «столкновение интересов
двух или более сторон, когда хотя бы одна из сторон
стремится к утверждению своих интересов за счет
интересов другой партии". Конфликт может быть связано
с
Разницей убеждений, интересов, несовместимость идей,
целей.
Конфликты не новое явление, они являются частью
человечества - и в самом деле другой конфликт живого
опыта организмов. Его часть нашей жизни ... ", и они жили
долго и счастливо после этого"
6. 1.What is conflict? Overview
Конфликты везде:
в домашних условиях;
на рабочем месте;
между общинами,
между странами,
между ведомствами и т.д.
7. 2. Nature of conflict
Последствия -- определение:
· Стороны
Уровень
Иерархия (вертикальный или горизонтальный)
Многомерность
измерение мощности
· Карта интересов
· Негативное восприятие
· Измерения времени
8. 2. Nature of conflict
Иерархия (вертикальный или горизонтальный)?
Когда стороны находятся на одном или разных
уровнях
Пример: два агенства на национальном уровне
правительства борясь друг с другом более
функциональной юрисдикции
Есть ли стороны принадлежат к разным уровням и
установлены вертикально (конфликт между
предст. власти и местного сообщества)
9. 2. Nature of conflict?
Измерение мощности
У сторон конфликта обладают более или
менее одинаковой мощности или нет
10. 2. Nature of conflict
Конфликты могут быть классифицированы как реальные
или потенциальные конфликты
Конфликт по воде можеит быть – географическим
Верхнего и нижнего течения
В пределах одной страны или между странами
или
Развития (определен по отраслм) - водоснабжение, полив,
промышленность, туризм...
11. 2. Nature of conflict
Конфликты могут также быть положительным,
например, конфликт может помочь в:
Выявление реальных проблем, требующих
решения,
Обеспечении необходимых изменений
Разрешение скорректировать его, не угрожая
основе отношений
Помогая строить новые отношения
Изменение как мы смотрим на вопросы, уточняя,
что является наиболее важным
12. EXERCISE 4 – I Smell Conflict
Linked to Session 3 - Analysing Conflict
Это упражнение проводится с курсом -- членами
группы сидящими за столом. Попросите
участников потратить около пяти минут, думая о
конфликте им известны – кто то либо испытал
лично или через средства массовой
информации стали свидетелями. Как они
думают о этом конфликте они должны записать
некоторые заметки об этом, если они того
пожелают.
13. Analysing Conflict
A short video clip :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTKn17uZRAE
Bolivia water wars
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5C92vs1Zos
Conflict resolution
14. Analysing Conflict
Пожалуйста, дайте мне знать, если фокус
конфликта был по следующим вопросам
(запишите):
Личный (внутри себя);
Межличностные (между собой и другим
человеком);
внутри -группы (в рамках группы, членом
которой они являются частью), или
между-группами (между двумя или более
группами).
15. Analysing Conflict
Что это был за тип конфликта (запишите):
стороны конфликта стремятся ли
избежать этого в первую очередь?
искать решение любой ценой?
искать компромисс по целям?
Было ли это «победитель получает все»
и если да, то каким образом?
стороны конфликта стремятся к взаимной
выгоде?
16. Analysing Conflict
Запишите на разноцветных кусках бумаги
ответы на следующие:
Как вы чувствуете конфликт?
Какой он «на вкус»?
Как это выглядит?
Как это звучит?
Как это «пахнет»?
17. Analysing Conflict
Пожалуйста проанализитуйте следующие:
наихудшие сценарии конфликта,
множество мелких конфликтов, которые сводились
или в конечном счете, привело к беспроигрышным
результатам с течением времени,
крайние аспекты конфликта - крайняя, что мы все
хотим избежать
альтернативного разрешения споров является
средством для направления таких негативных
энергию к положительному результату.