This document introduces economic and financial instruments for integrated water resources management (IWRM). It defines economics as allocating scarce resources, and financial instruments as maximizing returns on investments. Economic instruments for water management include water tariffs, abstraction charges, subsidies, and taxes. Barriers to implementing IWRM include sectoral interests, professional insecurities, and socio-cultural myths. Approaches to overcoming barriers include negotiating differences, cross-sectoral integration through formal mechanisms, and reforms to legal/institutional frameworks and financing. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency to achieve sustainable water management.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
This document introduces economic and financial instruments for integrated water resources management (IWRM). It defines economics as allocating scarce resources, and financial instruments as maximizing returns on investments. Economic instruments for water management include water tariffs, abstraction charges, subsidies, and taxes. Barriers to implementing IWRM include sectoral interests, professional insecurities, and socio-cultural myths. Approaches to overcoming barriers include negotiating differences, cross-sectoral integration through formal mechanisms, and reforms to legal/institutional frameworks and financing. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency to achieve sustainable water management.
This document introduces integrated water resources management (IWRM). It discusses the global water crisis, including that over 2 billion people suffer water shortages and 1.1 billion lack access to safe drinking water. IWRM is presented as a framework that takes a holistic, cross-sectoral approach to managing water resources at the river basin level through participatory decision-making. The key elements of IWRM include considering the interdependency between different water uses, treating water as both an economic and social good, and establishing decentralized management structures that rely on economic instruments and stakeholder participation. Adopting a water management framework based on IWRM principles can help analyze policies, guide water allocation decisions, and facilitate consideration of relationships
This document discusses various methods for valuing water to support the use of economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines cost-benefit analysis and different approaches for estimating demand and willingness to pay for water. These include demand curves, hedonic pricing, travel cost methods, and contingent valuation. Methods for valuing water as an intermediate good, like agriculture and power generation, are also presented, including residual and alternative cost approaches. The document encourages considering which valuation methods are most useful and feasible given available resources.
The document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines the major issues facing water management, including achieving development goals, climate change, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. It explains that water should be viewed and managed as an economic good. Economic principles like cost recovery and "polluter pays" can help achieve a more rational use of resources. Financial instruments are also important for investments and covering costs. Key criteria for water management decisions are efficiency, equity, and sustainability. The document argues for considering economic, financial, social, and environmental factors for true sustainability.
This document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management (IWRM). It provides an overview of different cost categories and potential funding sources for the water sector. Some key points include:
- Financial instruments generate revenue for water sector operations and development, while economic instruments influence user behavior and resource allocation.
- Recurrent costs include wages, fuel, and maintenance, while capital costs cover large infrastructure investments.
- Potential funding sources include government grants, user fees, external donors, private sector financing, and public-private partnerships.
- Successful financing strategies balance public financing of public goods, cost recovery from users, and tapping multiple sources of funding.
This document discusses financing water and sanitation projects through capital markets and different financial instruments. It begins by outlining the goals of exploring how to use a national capital market for integrated water resource management. It then defines various legal forms and financial instruments that can be used to fund water projects, such as special purpose vehicles, public-private partnerships, bonds, and loans. The document also discusses how to develop local capital markets, drawing on experiences from India and Africa. It argues that public-private partnerships can work well if the public and private sectors play to their respective strengths, and concludes by encouraging participants to discuss financing water projects in their own contexts.
7. chapter 4 application of economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document discusses criteria for evaluating economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines technical and allocative efficiency criteria as well as equity, environmental, administrative, and political criteria. It then explores specific economic instruments like water tariffs, subsidies, fees, charges, and tradable water rights. The document emphasizes that economic instruments should be tailored to local contexts and assessed through participatory processes to facilitate IWRM goals.
This document discusses various economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It examines in detail the main financing options for water systems, including the pros and cons of each option and how they can be applied in different circumstances. The options covered include water and sewerage charges, government grants and loans, external grants such as development aid, philanthropic partnerships, commercial loans and bonds, and private equity. It also discusses how risk guarantees can be used to facilitate financing. The document provides examples of how these instruments have been applied to finance activities like flood risk management. It concludes by suggesting a role play exercise where participants negotiate a funding scheme between a central government and local authority to improve local access to water and sanitation.
This document introduces four key principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM):
1) Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource that requires a holistic approach considering social, economic, and environmental factors.
2) Water development and management should involve participatory decision-making at all levels, though achieving full consensus can be challenging.
3) Women play a central, though often underrecognized, role in water provision, management, and protection. Gender considerations are important for IWRM.
4) Water has economic value for competing uses and should be managed as both an economic and social good through appropriate pricing and allocation.
This document discusses local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It outlines the need to increase coverage of water and sanitation services globally. Local finance mechanisms aim to ensure sufficient long-term revenue for service delivery, quality improvements, and expanding coverage, especially for low-income consumers. Actors that can help access local financing include funds, microfinance institutions, small towns, the domestic private sector, and utilities. An enabling environment for local financing requires support at the policy, intermediate, and community levels, including capacity building, decentralized fiscal revenues, and transparent community-level management. Constraints to innovative local financing include limited outreach, diversification, and additional finance not always being the solution
5. chapter 3 introduction to economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document introduces economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It discusses the public good nature of water and concepts of supply and demand. The document advocates for a full cost recovery approach to pricing water services. Economic instruments, including water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits, can help balance supply and demand when water markets fail due to its public good characteristics. These instruments are defined and their role in demand management and integrated water resource management is explained.
This document discusses various methods for valuing water to support the use of economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines cost-benefit analysis and different approaches for estimating demand and willingness to pay for water. These include demand curves, hedonic pricing, travel cost methods, and contingent valuation. Methods for valuing water as an intermediate good, like agriculture and power generation, are also presented, including residual and alternative cost approaches. The document encourages considering which valuation methods are most useful and feasible given available resources.
The document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines the major issues facing water management, including achieving development goals, climate change, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. It explains that water should be viewed and managed as an economic good. Economic principles like cost recovery and "polluter pays" can help achieve a more rational use of resources. Financial instruments are also important for investments and covering costs. Key criteria for water management decisions are efficiency, equity, and sustainability. The document argues for considering economic, financial, social, and environmental factors for true sustainability.
This document discusses economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management (IWRM). It provides an overview of different cost categories and potential funding sources for the water sector. Some key points include:
- Financial instruments generate revenue for water sector operations and development, while economic instruments influence user behavior and resource allocation.
- Recurrent costs include wages, fuel, and maintenance, while capital costs cover large infrastructure investments.
- Potential funding sources include government grants, user fees, external donors, private sector financing, and public-private partnerships.
- Successful financing strategies balance public financing of public goods, cost recovery from users, and tapping multiple sources of funding.
This document discusses financing water and sanitation projects through capital markets and different financial instruments. It begins by outlining the goals of exploring how to use a national capital market for integrated water resource management. It then defines various legal forms and financial instruments that can be used to fund water projects, such as special purpose vehicles, public-private partnerships, bonds, and loans. The document also discusses how to develop local capital markets, drawing on experiences from India and Africa. It argues that public-private partnerships can work well if the public and private sectors play to their respective strengths, and concludes by encouraging participants to discuss financing water projects in their own contexts.
7. chapter 4 application of economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document discusses criteria for evaluating economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It outlines technical and allocative efficiency criteria as well as equity, environmental, administrative, and political criteria. It then explores specific economic instruments like water tariffs, subsidies, fees, charges, and tradable water rights. The document emphasizes that economic instruments should be tailored to local contexts and assessed through participatory processes to facilitate IWRM goals.
This document discusses various economic and financial instruments for integrated water resource management. It examines in detail the main financing options for water systems, including the pros and cons of each option and how they can be applied in different circumstances. The options covered include water and sewerage charges, government grants and loans, external grants such as development aid, philanthropic partnerships, commercial loans and bonds, and private equity. It also discusses how risk guarantees can be used to facilitate financing. The document provides examples of how these instruments have been applied to finance activities like flood risk management. It concludes by suggesting a role play exercise where participants negotiate a funding scheme between a central government and local authority to improve local access to water and sanitation.
This document introduces four key principles of integrated water resources management (IWRM):
1) Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource that requires a holistic approach considering social, economic, and environmental factors.
2) Water development and management should involve participatory decision-making at all levels, though achieving full consensus can be challenging.
3) Women play a central, though often underrecognized, role in water provision, management, and protection. Gender considerations are important for IWRM.
4) Water has economic value for competing uses and should be managed as both an economic and social good through appropriate pricing and allocation.
This document discusses local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It outlines the need to increase coverage of water and sanitation services globally. Local finance mechanisms aim to ensure sufficient long-term revenue for service delivery, quality improvements, and expanding coverage, especially for low-income consumers. Actors that can help access local financing include funds, microfinance institutions, small towns, the domestic private sector, and utilities. An enabling environment for local financing requires support at the policy, intermediate, and community levels, including capacity building, decentralized fiscal revenues, and transparent community-level management. Constraints to innovative local financing include limited outreach, diversification, and additional finance not always being the solution
5. chapter 3 introduction to economic instrumentsAndrey Skopenko
This document introduces economic instruments for integrated water resource management. It discusses the public good nature of water and concepts of supply and demand. The document advocates for a full cost recovery approach to pricing water services. Economic instruments, including water tariffs, taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits, can help balance supply and demand when water markets fail due to its public good characteristics. These instruments are defined and their role in demand management and integrated water resource management is explained.
Разрешение конфликтов и навыки ведения переговоров в сфере иувр
1. Разрешение конфликтов и ведение
переговоров для комплексного
управления водными ресурсами
Сессия четвертая:
Подходы к анализу, регулированию и
разрешению конфликтов
2. 3.Усилия по обеспечению согласия:
карта конфликта
Процесс конфликта
Шаг 1: Подготовительный
Шаг 2: Вступление в конфликт
Шаг 3: Анализ конфликта
Этап 1: Подготовка
Шаг 4: Расширение участия
заинтересованных сторон
Шаг 5: Оценка вариантов
3. 3. Усилия по обеспечению согласия:
карта конфликта
Этап 2: Расширение участия
заинтересованных сторон
Шаг 6: Подготовка к переговорам
Шаг 7: Содействие переговорам
Шаг 8: Разработка соглашения
Этап 3: Переговоры
Шаг 9: Оценка соглашения
Шаг 10: Подготовка к выходу
Этап 4: Выход
5. 3. Усилия по обеспечению согласия: карта
конфликта
Что охватывает анализ конфликта?
Определение вопросов
Определение субъектов
история/распределение
Уровень и интенсивность
Политические, экономические,
социальные и институциональные
компоненты
Влияние
Анализ конфликта
6. 3. Анализ конфликта: Выявления
конфликтных вопросов
Доступ к источникам сырья:
• Доступ (открытый доступ /
упорядоченный доступ /закрытый доступ)?
• Временная и пространственная
зависимость от вовлеченных субъектов, с
целью доступа,влияние на доступ других
групп.
Собственность на природные ресурсы:
традиционные права, общее имущество,
государственная собственность, частная
собственность.
7. 3. Анализ конфликта: Выявления
конфликтных вопросов
Использование источников сырья: конфликт
по поводу
• путей, гарантий и частоты использования
воды и других ресурсов
• влияния деятельности человека на
использование природных ресурсов:
слив сточных вод в водные ресурсы,
использование химических удобрений и
пестицидов;
сброс отходов на суше и в воде.
8. 3. Анализ конфликта: Выявления
конфликтных вопросов
Управление /Реализация политики, программ
и решений:
наличие стандартов, мониторинг и обеспечение
соблюдения законов и правил.
9. 3. Анализ конфликта: Определение
вовлеченных субъектов
Описание основных групп заинтересованных
сторон, размер группы и внутренние
подгруппы (по половому признаку)
Основополагающие ценности, интересы,
потребности и страхи основных
заинтересованных сторон.
Их присутствие, доступность, и контроль над
ними в географическом пространстве.
Отношения внутри и между группами.
10. История и определение конфликта или
разногласий
Уровень и интенсивность конфликта
Базовые социальные, политические,
экономические и институциональные
структуры
• Последствия конфликта для
безопасности человека
3. Анализ конфликта
11. Картография конфликта
Позвольте мне преподнести участникам раздаточный материал в начале
упражнения. Это позволит мне использовать его в качестве наглядного
пособия при объяснении. Пусть группа выберет случай. У участников
есть варианты использования конфликтов, определенных в предыдущей
сессии или конфликтов, с которыми они имели дело с в прошлом.
Этот инструмент является весьма полезным для большинства
межличностных, внутригрупповых и межгрупповых конфликтов. Когда
анализируют конфликты в организации, следует обратить внимание, что
изменяется не только организационная структура , но и личные
отношения и властные механизмы (у кого сколько сил внутри системы).
Такие вопросы, как семейные отношения могут быть введены в качестве
новой части инструмента дополнительным символом, если это
необходимо для понимания дела. Кроме того, ключевые вопросам между
сторонами должны быть указаны в карте.
3. Анализ конфликта – упражнение
13. Описание
Картография предназначена для графического
представления конфликта путем размещения сторон по
отношению к этой проблеме и по отношению друг к другу.
Это помогает выявить возможные пункты для
трансформации конфликта.
Цель
Глубже понять ситуации.
Определить отношения между сторонами, вовлеченными в
конфликт.
Понять, как власть распределяется между сторонами.
Найти точки входа для возможного вмешательства.
Карта конфликта
14. Используйте различные круги с использованием различных
линий, отражающих качество отношений между ними.
Примеры различных линий будут указаны ниже.
• Все что угодно может быть определено как ключевые
вопросы между субъектами и включено в карту.
• Подумайте о вашей позиции и попытайтесь определить
союзы, тесные контакты, разорванные отношения и
известные конфронтации.
Карта конфликта
15. Как использовать этот инструмент
Определите основных субъектов,
вовлеченных в конфликт. Используйте
один из кругов для каждой партии и
выберите размер в соответствии с силой
партии и влиянию на карте конфликта. Не
забудьте отметить себя или свою
организацию на карте.
Карта конфликта
16. Подумайте об отношениях, которые
открывают возможности для работы с этим
конфликтом. Разработайте начальный
пошаговый план для вмешательства
Карта конфликта
17. Комментарии
• Часто бывает полезно отобразить
конфликтную ситуации от различных
точек зрения для того, чтобы понять,
как различные стороны воспринимают
одну и ту же ситуацию.
Карта конфликта