1. The major court decision protecting juveniles from unauthorized searches and seizures was: a. Miranda. b. Mapp v. Ohio. c. In re Gault. d. Brown v. Mississippi. 2. Discretion is when: a.   youths return to crime again and again after being found guilty of their first offense. b.   police exercise their ability to choose from alternatives. c.   police choose to focus on prevention of crime rather than reacting quickly to an offense. 3. Victimization studies find that: a.   more crime is committed than is reported. b.   victimization rates are consistent among demographic groups across the United States. c.   juveniles are more likely to be victimized than any other age group. d.   both more crime is committed than is reported and juveniles are more likely to be victimized than any other age group. 4. Juveniles: a.   are more likely to be killed in schools than on the streets or at home. b.   are about equally likely to be killed in one school as the next. c.   in large numbers are the victims of bullying, physical attack, or robbery in the schools. d.   are murdered in schools at rates far lower than implied by the media. 5. The major focus of the Fourteenth Amendment is on standards of: a.   search and seizure. b.   fairness and due process. c.   cruel and unusual punishment. d.   freedom of speech and the press. 6. Larger police units typically deal with juvenile crime: a.   enthusiastically since arresting a juvenile is considered a "good" arrest. b.   by setting up specialized units and departments to deal with juvenile crime. c.   by assigning any patrol officer available to any juvenile case needing attention. d.   both by setting up specialized units and departments to deal with juvenile crime and by assigning any patrol officer available to any juvenile case needing attention. 7. An example of formal processing is a: a.   youth given a firm "talking to" on the street. b.   youth taken into custody and allowed to leave when he/she asks. c.   youth taken into custody and placed in detention until the juvenile prosecutor reviews the case. d.   both youth taken into custody and allowed to leave when he/she asks and youth taken into custody and placed in detention until the juvenile prosecutor reviews the case. 8. Which of the following have/has been found through research? a.   Intervention by the juvenile justice system makes youths worse b.   A small group of offenders commit large numbers of crimes c.   Lower class youths tend to be involved in more serious offenses than middle class youths d.   All of the choices apply 9. Victimization surveys focus on: a.   interviewing hospital emergency room personnel to determine the number of victimizations. b.   a national survey of households. c.   police data on victims. d.   both a national survey of households and police data on victims. 10. The Uniform Crime Reports are compiled by the: a.   International Association of Chiefs of Police. b.   Federal Bureau of Investigation. c.  .

1. 1.
The major court decision protecting juveniles from unauthorized
searches and seizures was:
a. Miranda.
b. Mapp v. Ohio.
c. In re Gault.
d. Brown v. Mississippi.
2.
Discretion is when:
a. youths return to crime again and again after being found
guilty of their first offense.
b. police exercise their ability to choose from alternatives.
c. police choose to focus on prevention of crime rather than
reacting quickly to an offense.
3.
Victimization studies find that:
a. more crime is committed than is reported.
b. victimization rates are consistent among demographic
groups across the United States.
c. juveniles are more likely to be victimized than any other age
group.
d. both more crime is committed than is reported and juveniles
are more likely to be victimized than any other age group.
4.
Juveniles:
a. are more likely to be killed in schools than on the streets or
at home.
b. are about equally likely to be killed in one school as the
next.
c. in large numbers are the victims of bullying, physical
attack, or robbery in the schools.

2. d. are murdered in schools at rates far lower than implied by
the media.
5.
The major focus of the Fourteenth Amendment is on standards
of:
a. search and seizure.
b. fairness and due process.
c. cruel and unusual punishment.
d. freedom of speech and the press.
6.
Larger police units typically deal with juvenile crime:
a. enthusiastically since arresting a juvenile is considered a
"good" arrest.
b. by setting up specialized units and departments to deal with
juvenile crime.
c. by assigning any patrol officer available to any juvenile
case needing attention.
d. both by setting up specialized units and departments to deal
with juvenile crime and by assigning any patrol officer
available to any juvenile case needing attention.
7.
An example of formal processing is a:
a. youth given a firm "talking to" on the street.
b. youth taken into custody and allowed to leave when he/she
asks.
c. youth taken into custody and placed in detention until the
juvenile prosecutor reviews the case.
d. both youth taken into custody and allowed to leave when
he/she asks and youth taken into custody and placed in
detention until the juvenile prosecutor reviews the case.
8.
Which of the following have/has been found through research?

3. a. Intervention by the juvenile justice system makes youths
worse
b. A small group of offenders commit large numbers of crimes
c. Lower class youths tend to be involved in more serious
offenses than middle class youths
d. All of the choices apply
9.
Victimization surveys focus on:
a. interviewing hospital emergency room personnel to
determine the number of victimizations.
b. a national survey of households.
c. police data on victims.
d. both a national survey of households and police data on
victims.
10.
The Uniform Crime Reports are compiled by the:
a. International Association of Chiefs of Police.
b. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
c. National Opinion Research Center.
d. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
11.
A consequence of the development of the Central States
Juvenile Officer's Association and the International Juvenile
Officers Association was an increased recognition in law
enforcement of more:
a. arrests of offenders.
b. help for offenders.
c. professional legal training.
d. both arrests of offenders and help for offenders.
12.
Critics charge that self-report studies:
a. overload their questionnaires with too many serious

4. offenses.
b. ask too many questions about minor offenses thereby
increasing the incidence of middle-class offenders in self-
reported delinquency.
c. overlook data provided by the UCR in offense reporting.
d. both overload their questionnaires with too many serious
offenses and overlook data provided by the UCR in offense
reporting.
13.
The police are able to search juveniles when juveniles:
a. have waived their rights.
b. have consented to the search.
c. are presented with a warrant.
d. all of the choices apply.
14.
Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of "problem
oriented policing"
a. Grouping crime statistics by type and determining any
underlying similarities among the crimes
b. Saturating high crime areas with police cars to guarantee a
rapid response to any crimes that occur
c. Determining the causes of delinquent activity and
developing prevention programs
d. Both grouping crime statistics by type and determining any
underlying similarities among the crimes and determining the
causes of delinquent activity and developing prevention
programs
15.
Most police view their primary role as:
a. fighting crime.
b. preventing crime.
c. working with juveniles one on one.
d. social workers.

5. 16.
Police may pull a car over:
a. whenever they want.
b. when the youth's car has a broken taillight.
c. when the police have reasonable suspicion that something
illegal is occurring.
d. both when the youth's car has a broken taillight and when
the police have reasonable suspicion that something illegal is
occurring.
17.
The police in the early 20th Century began to focus on which of
the following to control youth crimes?
a. Curbside justice
b. Prevention
c. Community organization
d. Both prevention and community organization
18.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about juvenile
court statistics? They:
a. report the overwhelming percentage of the total number of
juvenile offenses.
b. provide full information on the characteristics of referred
juveniles.
c. represent only an estimate of the total number of crimes that
come before courts.
d. are published immediately upon receipt by the government.
19.
The problems of the Uniform Crime Reports include:
a. that many crimes are not reported and many offenses never
come to the attention of the police.
b. police ignore minor violations of law.
c. too many juveniles commit offenses as individuals.

6. d. both that many crimes are not reported and many offenses
never come to the attention of the police and police ignore
minor violations of law.
20.
The Monitoring the Future Project shows that:
a. the dramatic increase in drug use that began in the early
1990s is continuing today.
b. drug use begins to drop off after age 18.
c. drug use peaks at the ages of 16–17.
d. both drug use begins to drop off after age 18 and drug use
peaks at the ages of 16–17.
1.
Formal factors that influence decision-making at the
dispositional stage are:
a. the values and philosophy of the judge.
b. the social and racial background of the offender.
c. the social study investigator.
d. both the values and philosophy of the judge and the social
and racial background of the offender.
2.
The Juvenile Justice Standards Project recommended that
juvenile offenses should be divided into:
a. 5 classes, 3 for felonies and 2 for misdemeanors.
b. 5 classes, 2 for felonies and 3 for misdemeanors.
c. 3 classes, 2 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
d. 2 classes, 1 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
3.
Thomas F. Geraghty argues that:
a. the juvenile court should be abolished.

7. b. the juvenile court should provide juveniles with more
procedural protections.
c. adult court will easily adapt to the needs of juveniles.
d. none of the choices apply.
4.
The court decision that formalized parens patriae was:
a. In re Gault.
b. ex parte Crouse.
c. In re Winship.
d. Kent v. United States.
5.
Youths most likely to be assigned to community programs are:
a. racial minorities.
b. lower class youths.
c. middle class youths.
d. ethnic minorities.
6.
In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court denied
the right of juveniles to have jury trials because:
a. all rights constitutionally guaranteed to adults are not to be
given to juveniles.
b. trials could well take away the intimate, informal,
protective proceedings.
c. nothing prevents judges from using jury trials if they wish.
d. all of the choices apply.
7.
Bail is:
a. not a form of punishment.
b. used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings.
c. used to impress upon the child that a serious crime
occurred.
d. both not a form of punishment and used to guarantee youths

8. will show up for their hearings.
8.
Critics argue that the juvenile court:
a. has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile
crime.
b. has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought
justice and compassion to youthful offenders.
c. has not succeeded in rehabilitating juvenile offenders.
d. both has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile
crime and has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice,
brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders.
9.
Judges may place youths in:
a. adult prisons, training schools, and forestry camps.
b. mental hospitals, private clinics, and county jails.
c. medium and maximum security training schools.
d. all of the choices apply.
10.
Which of these is not a role that defense attorneys play?
a. An advocate for the child
b. An assistant to the court with responsibilities to children
c. A guardian or parent surrogate to the child
d. A preliminary hearing referee
11.
An advantage of a bifurcated hearing is that:
a. a judge can decide upon guilt or innocence and impose a
sentence at the same time.
b. a judge can base his or her sentence on more complete
information.
c. it eliminates judicial bias totally.
d. all of the choices apply.

9. 12.
Many juvenile court judges today are quite concerned about the
proposed Justice Standards recommendations because they
believe that:
a. the standards attack the underlying philosophy and structure
of the juvenile court.
b. the needs of children will be neglected in the long run.
c. it is not possible to treat all children alike.
d. all of the choices apply.
13.
An example of one informal sanction is:
a. community service in lieu of detention.
b. preventive detention as a result of child abuse.
c. involuntary probation supervision.
d. all of the choices apply.
14.
The most secure facility to which judges can send a youth is
the:
a. state training school.
b. forestry camp.
c. detention home.
d. day camp.
15.
The kind of modern sentencing structure that allows criminal or
juvenile courts to impose either juvenile or adult sentences, or
sentences both, is called a(n):
a. mandatory sentencing structure.
b. blended sentencing structure.
c. graduated sentencing structure.
d. accountability based sentence structure.
16.
Which of the following is/are an argument(s) for the removal of

10. status offenders from the juvenile court?
a. The lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes
them unnecessarily vague.
b. Status offenders are often confined with hard core
offenders.
c. The processing of offenders is in their best interests.
d. Both the lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes
makes them unnecessarily vague and status offenders are often
confined with hard core offenders.
17.
Critics of the "leniency" of the juvenile court generally would
be most concerned if a juvenile were assigned to:
a. informal probation.
b. formal probation.
c. house arrest.
d. a juvenile community residential facility.
18.
The Breed v. Jones case dealt with the issue of:
a. constitutionality of confession to the police.
b. the constitutionality of jury trials.
c. double jeopardy.
d. "proof beyond a reasonable doubt."
19.
A youth who admits to being on drugs at his or her trial:
a. is automatically sentenced to detention.
b. is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is
too impaired to continue the trial.
c. is automatically sent to drug rehabilitation.
d. both is automatically sentenced to detention and is
evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too
impaired to continue the trial.
20.

11. The youths most likely to stay the longest in juvenile
institutions are the:
a. sex offenders.
b. status offenders.
c. violent offenders.
d. aggressive offenders.