1. Formal factors that influence decision-making at the dispositional stage are: a. [removed]  the values and philosophy of the judge. b. [removed]  the social and racial background of the offender. c. [removed]  the social study investigator. d. [removed]  both the values and philosophy of the judge and the social and racial background of the offender. 2. The Juvenile Justice Standards Project recommended that juvenile offenses should be divided into: a. [removed]  5 classes, 3 for felonies and 2 for misdemeanors. b. [removed]  5 classes, 2 for felonies and 3 for misdemeanors. c. [removed]  3 classes, 2 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors. d. [removed]  2 classes, 1 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors. 3. Thomas F. Geraghty argues that: a. [removed]  the juvenile court should be abolished. b. [removed]  the juvenile court should provide juveniles with more procedural protections. c. [removed]  adult court will easily adapt to the needs of juveniles. d. [removed]  none of the choices apply. 4. The court decision that formalized  parens patriae  was: a. [removed] In re Gault . b. [removed] ex parte Crouse . c. [removed] In re Winship . d. [removed] Kent v. United States . 5. Youths most likely to be assigned to community programs are: a. [removed]  racial minorities. b. [removed]  lower class youths. c. [removed]  middle class youths. d. [removed]  ethnic minorities. 6. In  McKeiver v. Pennsylvania , the U.S. Supreme Court denied the right of juveniles to have jury trials because: a. [removed]  all rights constitutionally guaranteed to adults are not to be given to juveniles. b. [removed]  trials could well take away the intimate, informal, protective proceedings. c. [removed]  nothing prevents judges from using jury trials if they wish. d. [removed]  all of the choices apply. 7. Bail is: a. [removed]  not a form of punishment. b. [removed]  used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings. c. [removed]  used to impress upon the child that a serious crime occurred. d. [removed]  both not a form of punishment and used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings. 8. Critics argue that the juvenile court: a. [removed]  has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime. b. [removed] has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders. c. [removed] has not succeeded in rehabilitating juvenile offenders. d. [removed] both has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime and has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders. 9. Judges may place youths in: a. [removed]  adult prisons, training schools, and forestry camps. b. [removed]  mental hospitals, private clinics, and county jails. c. [removed]  medium and maximum security training schools. d. [removed]  all of the choices apply. 10. Which of these is not a role that defense attorneys play? a. [removed]  An advocate .

1. 1.
Formal factors that influence decision-making at the
dispositional stage are:
a. [removed]
the values and philosophy of the judge.
b. [removed]
the social and racial background of the offender.
c. [removed]
the social study investigator.
d. [removed]
both the values and philosophy of the judge and the social and
racial background of the offender.
2.
The Juvenile Justice Standards Project recommended that
juvenile offenses should be divided into:
a. [removed]
5 classes, 3 for felonies and 2 for misdemeanors.
b. [removed]
5 classes, 2 for felonies and 3 for misdemeanors.
c. [removed]
3 classes, 2 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
d. [removed]
2 classes, 1 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
3.
Thomas F. Geraghty argues that:
a. [removed]
the juvenile court should be abolished.
b. [removed]
the juvenile court should provide juveniles with more
procedural protections.
c. [removed]
adult court will easily adapt to the needs of juveniles.
d. [removed]
none of the choices apply.
4.

2. The court decision that formalized
parens patriae
was:
a. [removed]
In re Gault
.
b. [removed]
ex parte Crouse
.
c. [removed]
In re Winship
.
d. [removed]
Kent v. United States
.
5.
Youths most likely to be assigned to community programs are:
a. [removed]
racial minorities.
b. [removed]
lower class youths.
c. [removed]
middle class youths.
d. [removed]
ethnic minorities.
6.
In
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the right of juveniles to have
jury trials because:
a. [removed]
all rights constitutionally guaranteed to adults are not to be
given to juveniles.
b. [removed]
trials could well take away the intimate, informal, protective
proceedings.

3. c. [removed]
nothing prevents judges from using jury trials if they wish.
d. [removed]
all of the choices apply.
7.
Bail is:
a. [removed]
not a form of punishment.
b. [removed]
used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings.
c. [removed]
used to impress upon the child that a serious crime occurred.
d. [removed]
both not a form of punishment and used to guarantee youths
will show up for their hearings.
8.
Critics argue that the juvenile court:
a. [removed]
has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime.
b. [removed]
has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice
and compassion to youthful offenders.
c. [removed]
has not succeeded in rehabilitating juvenile offenders.
d. [removed]
both has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile
crime and has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice,
brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders.
9.
Judges may place youths in:
a. [removed]
adult prisons, training schools, and forestry camps.
b. [removed]
mental hospitals, private clinics, and county jails.
c. [removed]
medium and maximum security training schools.

4. d. [removed]
all of the choices apply.
10.
Which of these is not a role that defense attorneys play?
a. [removed]
An advocate for the child
b. [removed]
An assistant to the court with responsibilities to children
c. [removed]
A guardian or parent surrogate to the child
d. [removed]
A preliminary hearing referee
11.
An advantage of a bifurcated hearing is that:
a. [removed]
a judge can decide upon guilt or innocence and impose a
sentence at the same time.
b. [removed]
a judge can base his or her sentence on more complete
information.
c. [removed]
it eliminates judicial bias totally.
d. [removed]
all of the choices apply.
12.
Many juvenile court judges today are quite concerned about the
proposed Justice Standards recommendations because they
believe that:
a. [removed]
the standards attack the underlying philosophy and structure of
the juvenile court.
b. [removed]
the needs of children will be neglected in the long run.
c. [removed]
it is not possible to treat all children alike.
d. [removed]

5. all of the choices apply.
13.
An example of one informal sanction is:
a. [removed]
community service in lieu of detention.
b. [removed]
preventive detention as a result of child abuse.
c. [removed]
involuntary probation supervision.
d. [removed]
all of the choices apply.
14.
The most secure facility to which judges can send a youth is
the:
a. [removed]
state training school.
b. [removed]
forestry camp.
c. [removed]
detention home.
d. [removed]
day camp.
15.
The kind of modern sentencing structure that allows criminal or
juvenile courts to impose either juvenile or adult sentences, or
sentences both, is called a(n):
a. [removed]
mandatory sentencing structure.
b. [removed]
blended sentencing structure.
c. [removed]
graduated sentencing structure.
d. [removed]
accountability based sentence structure.
16.
Which of the following is/are an argument(s) for the removal of

6. status offenders from the juvenile court?
a. [removed]
The lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes them
unnecessarily vague.
b. [removed]
Status offenders are often confined with hard core offenders.
c. [removed]
The processing of offenders is in their best interests.
d. [removed]
Both the lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes
them unnecessarily vague and status offenders are often
confined with hard core offenders.
17.
Critics of the "leniency" of the juvenile court generally would
be most concerned if a juvenile were assigned to:
a. [removed]
informal probation.
b. [removed]
formal probation.
c. [removed]
house arrest.
d. [removed]
a juvenile community residential facility.
18.
The
Breed v. Jones
case dealt with the issue of:
a. [removed]
constitutionality of confession to the police.
b. [removed]
the constitutionality of jury trials.
c. [removed]
double jeopardy.
d. [removed]
"proof beyond a reasonable doubt."
19.

7. A youth who admits to being on drugs at his or her trial:
a. [removed]
is automatically sentenced to detention.
b. [removed]
is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too
impaired to continue the trial.
c. [removed]
is automatically sent to drug rehabilitation.
d. [removed]
both is automatically sentenced to detention and is evaluated
by the judge to determine whether he or she is too impaired to
continue the trial.
20.
The youths most likely to stay the longest in juvenile
institutions are the:
a. [removed]
sex offenders.
b. [removed]
status offenders.
c. [removed]
violent offenders.
d. [removed]
aggressive offenders.