This document contains notes from a physiology lecture on cardiovascular physiology. It discusses the structure and functions of the cardiovascular system, principles of homeostasis and how organ systems work together. It provides information on assessments for the course and recommended textbooks. The importance of understanding physiology for medical studies and careers is emphasized. The lecture concludes with an overview of circulation and a reminder of upcoming Easter holidays.
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Fundamental Principles of Human Anatomy & Physiology". The book was published in 2016 and has one author, Oluchi Ann Olofin. It is divided into 10 chapters that cover introductory concepts of anatomy and physiology, human cell structure, human tissues, body system structures, body fluids and composition, the respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, endocrine system, and nervous system. Each chapter provides explanations of key topics and includes review questions to reinforce the material. The book aims to outline fundamental concepts of human anatomy and physiology for students in a clear and detailed manner.
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th EditionDrAbuSadatMdSayem
This document provides teaching resources for instructors using the 14th edition of Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. It lists the authors and provides copyright information. Contact information is given for Elsevier sales representatives and for requesting supporting materials available on an Elsevier website.
Laura went on a very low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet and lost weight but began feeling weak, lacking energy, and constantly thirsty. When she went to the doctor, he had her check her urine for ketone bodies using a dipstick test. Ketone bodies are produced when the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. Eating more complex carbohydrates like polysaccharides would provide more sustained energy and relieve her symptoms by reducing ketone production. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides (simple sugars) that provide a steady release of glucose for energy.
This document introduces World of Anatomy and Physiology (WAP), which is a reference devoted to the study of human form and function. WAP contains over 650 entries covering topics from biographies of pioneers in anatomy and physiology to explanations of current developments in areas like embryology. The goal is to provide accessible explanations for a wide range of readers, from less experienced students to more advanced students and professionals. Anatomy studies body structures while physiology studies how the body's structures work and maintain life functions. Maintaining homeostasis, or internal equilibrium, is essential and involves complex interactions between organ systems and feedback mechanisms. The pace of scientific progress, like in areas of developmental and reproductive biology, presents challenges to keep references like WAP up
Physiology organ physiology from a phenomenological point of viewElsa von Licy
The lung and respiratory tract allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx, and is supported by bone and cartilage. The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, and has cartilage in its walls. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries. Breathing draws air into and out of the lungs, facilitating this vital gas exchange through a complex system of tubes and sacs adapted for maximum surface area contact between air and blood.
The document discusses anatomy and physiology for physical education students. It provides definitions and overviews of key topics including:
- Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Important figures in the history of anatomy are discussed.
- Physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. Key systems studied in physiology are described such as the cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems.
- The importance of understanding anatomy and physiology for physical education students and careers like sports medicine is emphasized for areas like injury prevention and treatment.
This document outlines the general objectives of a course on human anatomy and physiology. It introduces key concepts like anatomy, physiology, and their subdisciplines. It describes the hierarchical levels of biological organization, from subatomic to ecosystems. It discusses several critical properties and processes shared by all living things, including cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, and development. Finally, it defines some important anatomical terminology.
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Fundamental Principles of Human Anatomy & Physiology". The book was published in 2016 and has one author, Oluchi Ann Olofin. It is divided into 10 chapters that cover introductory concepts of anatomy and physiology, human cell structure, human tissues, body system structures, body fluids and composition, the respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, endocrine system, and nervous system. Each chapter provides explanations of key topics and includes review questions to reinforce the material. The book aims to outline fundamental concepts of human anatomy and physiology for students in a clear and detailed manner.
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th EditionDrAbuSadatMdSayem
This document provides teaching resources for instructors using the 14th edition of Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. It lists the authors and provides copyright information. Contact information is given for Elsevier sales representatives and for requesting supporting materials available on an Elsevier website.
Laura went on a very low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet and lost weight but began feeling weak, lacking energy, and constantly thirsty. When she went to the doctor, he had her check her urine for ketone bodies using a dipstick test. Ketone bodies are produced when the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. Eating more complex carbohydrates like polysaccharides would provide more sustained energy and relieve her symptoms by reducing ketone production. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides (simple sugars) that provide a steady release of glucose for energy.
This document introduces World of Anatomy and Physiology (WAP), which is a reference devoted to the study of human form and function. WAP contains over 650 entries covering topics from biographies of pioneers in anatomy and physiology to explanations of current developments in areas like embryology. The goal is to provide accessible explanations for a wide range of readers, from less experienced students to more advanced students and professionals. Anatomy studies body structures while physiology studies how the body's structures work and maintain life functions. Maintaining homeostasis, or internal equilibrium, is essential and involves complex interactions between organ systems and feedback mechanisms. The pace of scientific progress, like in areas of developmental and reproductive biology, presents challenges to keep references like WAP up
Physiology organ physiology from a phenomenological point of viewElsa von Licy
The lung and respiratory tract allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx, and is supported by bone and cartilage. The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles, and has cartilage in its walls. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries. Breathing draws air into and out of the lungs, facilitating this vital gas exchange through a complex system of tubes and sacs adapted for maximum surface area contact between air and blood.
The document discusses anatomy and physiology for physical education students. It provides definitions and overviews of key topics including:
- Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Important figures in the history of anatomy are discussed.
- Physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. Key systems studied in physiology are described such as the cardiovascular, digestive and nervous systems.
- The importance of understanding anatomy and physiology for physical education students and careers like sports medicine is emphasized for areas like injury prevention and treatment.
This document outlines the general objectives of a course on human anatomy and physiology. It introduces key concepts like anatomy, physiology, and their subdisciplines. It describes the hierarchical levels of biological organization, from subatomic to ecosystems. It discusses several critical properties and processes shared by all living things, including cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, and development. Finally, it defines some important anatomical terminology.
1. INTRODUCCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY ANAPHY Lects update Nchanji Nkeh Keneth.pdfkensacademia
The document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology including:
1. It defines anatomy and physiology, differentiating that anatomy is the study of body structures while physiology examines how structures function.
2. It describes the six levels of structural organization from chemicals and cells to tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
3. It identifies the 11 major organ systems and provides examples of organs within each system.
The document discusses the basics of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the body's structures and physiology as the study of how those structures function. While anatomy looks at structure, physiology examines how parts work together. The document then provides overviews of key topics in anatomy and physiology including cells, tissues, organs, systems, homeostasis, and the main systems and processes that support life.
Introduction to foundation module & physiology rashidrmc
The document provides an overview of the Foundation Module for first year MBBS students at RMC. It outlines the module committee, aims and objectives, topics covered, expectations of students, assessment methods, and an introduction to physiology. The module aims to give students a foundational understanding of human structure, function, and chemistry through an integrated approach. It also covers soft skills like research, professionalism, and ethics.
Chapter-1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyD.R. Chandravanshi
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, 'dissection') is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine.
This document provides an overview of a General Biology course. It includes the course code, credit hours, instructor details, and outlines several units that will be covered in the course. The first unit introduces biology and discusses the meaning and scope of biology as well as theories on the origin of life. Subsequent units will cover biological molecules, the cellular basis of life including cell structures and transport, cellular metabolism and metabolic disorders, and enzymes and their role in metabolism. The course uses the scientific method and will involve a group assignment assessing understanding of biological molecules.
Modern Principles of Osteopathy
The International Academy of Osteopathy provides osteopathic education in Europe and beyond.
Contact us for more information: info@osteopathy.eu
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
The document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It discusses key topics like cells, tissues, organs and systems. It describes the basic characteristics of life including metabolism, movement, growth and reproduction. It also summarizes some of the major human body systems like the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. The goal is to explain how the structure and functions of the human body allow it to sustain life.
Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall.pdfJameel221
Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts.
This document discusses an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It covers the basic functions of living organisms, the relationship between anatomy and physiology, the levels of organization in the human body, the 11 organ systems and their major functions, homeostasis, and homeostatic regulation. The key points are that anatomy refers to structure, physiology refers to function, and homeostasis refers to maintaining stable internal conditions through feedback loops involving receptors, control centers and effectors.
Human Anatomy and Physiology are the branches of biology that concerns with forms (structures) and functions of human body. ANATOMY- Study of structure of whole body and individual parts (organs) and their correlation with each other.
Anatomy is defined as the study of structures in the human body, focusing on form and macroscopic structures like organs and organ systems. Physiology studies the function of structures and how they work together. The scope of anatomy and physiology includes understanding homeostasis, diagnosing disease, treating disease, differentiating physiology from pathology, understanding drug mechanisms, and prohibiting certain drugs. The human body has different levels of structural organization from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. The basic body systems include the integumentary, muscular, skeletal, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, and endocrine systems. The basic life processes are movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration, and
Anatomy is defined as the study of structures in the human body, focusing on form and macroscopic structures like organs and organ systems. Physiology studies the function of structures and how they work together. The scope of anatomy and physiology includes understanding homeostasis, diagnosing disease, treating disease, differentiating physiology from pathology, understanding drug mechanisms, and prohibiting certain drugs. The human body has different levels of structural organization from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. The basic body systems include the integumentary, muscular, skeletal, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, and endocrine systems. The basic life processes are movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration, and
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERSissabbafoussam
This document provides an overview of a course on human anatomy and physiology for medical students. The course introduces students to the concepts of anatomy and physiology and how the body is organized from the chemical to organism levels. It describes the main objectives of the course as helping students learn the basic anatomical structures of the body and understand how the organs function and interact with each other. The course also aims to equip students with knowledge of anatomy and physiology to assist them in understanding health issues.
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease.
INTRO Physiology and history of physiologypetshelter54
1. The document provides an introduction to the physiology course, defining physiology as the study of the basic functions of living organisms and the mechanisms of life.
2. It discusses the hierarchical organization of life from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. Physiology examines functions at all these levels.
3. The history of physiology is traced from ancient Greece to modern discoveries. Key figures mentioned include Hippocrates, Galen, Harvey, Pavlov, and Hodgkin and Huxley.
This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It discusses that anatomy is the study of body structure, including size, shape and composition, while physiology is the study of how the body functions. It notes that anatomy provides knowledge of organ structure, physiology provides knowledge of organ functions, and pathophysiology is the study of dysfunctional processes. The document outlines that anatomy can be studied at different organizational levels, from cells to whole body systems. It emphasizes the importance of understanding anatomy and physiology for purposes like sports performance and injury prevention and rehabilitation.
The book entitled "THE ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT" is a book with
multiple uses, But Primarily for students in health sciences and
biological sciences, who are studying the following courses:
Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, public health, Physiotherapy,
Medical laboratory science, Biochemistry, Anatomy,
Physiology, and others.
This book is also useful for individuals who want to
understand how their body systems basically works and live
healthy.
The writer covered some vital areas needed for the above
students in other textbooks, such as the concept of health, the
human systems and basic functions, Nutritional values and
concepts. Some aspects of mental health and ill health. The
book also explained clearly how human beings can naturally
improve their health and prevent sickness.
It's worthy to appreciate that many authors have written on
the above subjects or areas. But the scope and depths of these
books vary and some of the authors presented it in a very
complex form, making it difficult for so many readers to
comprehend. Some of these books, the authors bombarded
with much details with no simplification. This becomes more
tedious for readers who do not have much time to cover it.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
1. INTRODUCCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY ANAPHY Lects update Nchanji Nkeh Keneth.pdfkensacademia
The document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology including:
1. It defines anatomy and physiology, differentiating that anatomy is the study of body structures while physiology examines how structures function.
2. It describes the six levels of structural organization from chemicals and cells to tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
3. It identifies the 11 major organ systems and provides examples of organs within each system.
The document discusses the basics of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the body's structures and physiology as the study of how those structures function. While anatomy looks at structure, physiology examines how parts work together. The document then provides overviews of key topics in anatomy and physiology including cells, tissues, organs, systems, homeostasis, and the main systems and processes that support life.
Introduction to foundation module & physiology rashidrmc
The document provides an overview of the Foundation Module for first year MBBS students at RMC. It outlines the module committee, aims and objectives, topics covered, expectations of students, assessment methods, and an introduction to physiology. The module aims to give students a foundational understanding of human structure, function, and chemistry through an integrated approach. It also covers soft skills like research, professionalism, and ethics.
Chapter-1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyD.R. Chandravanshi
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, 'dissection') is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science which deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine.
This document provides an overview of a General Biology course. It includes the course code, credit hours, instructor details, and outlines several units that will be covered in the course. The first unit introduces biology and discusses the meaning and scope of biology as well as theories on the origin of life. Subsequent units will cover biological molecules, the cellular basis of life including cell structures and transport, cellular metabolism and metabolic disorders, and enzymes and their role in metabolism. The course uses the scientific method and will involve a group assignment assessing understanding of biological molecules.
Modern Principles of Osteopathy
The International Academy of Osteopathy provides osteopathic education in Europe and beyond.
Contact us for more information: info@osteopathy.eu
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en/publications
http://www.osteopathie.eu/en
The document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It discusses key topics like cells, tissues, organs and systems. It describes the basic characteristics of life including metabolism, movement, growth and reproduction. It also summarizes some of the major human body systems like the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. The goal is to explain how the structure and functions of the human body allow it to sustain life.
Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall.pdfJameel221
Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts.
This document discusses an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It covers the basic functions of living organisms, the relationship between anatomy and physiology, the levels of organization in the human body, the 11 organ systems and their major functions, homeostasis, and homeostatic regulation. The key points are that anatomy refers to structure, physiology refers to function, and homeostasis refers to maintaining stable internal conditions through feedback loops involving receptors, control centers and effectors.
Human Anatomy and Physiology are the branches of biology that concerns with forms (structures) and functions of human body. ANATOMY- Study of structure of whole body and individual parts (organs) and their correlation with each other.
Anatomy is defined as the study of structures in the human body, focusing on form and macroscopic structures like organs and organ systems. Physiology studies the function of structures and how they work together. The scope of anatomy and physiology includes understanding homeostasis, diagnosing disease, treating disease, differentiating physiology from pathology, understanding drug mechanisms, and prohibiting certain drugs. The human body has different levels of structural organization from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. The basic body systems include the integumentary, muscular, skeletal, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, and endocrine systems. The basic life processes are movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration, and
Anatomy is defined as the study of structures in the human body, focusing on form and macroscopic structures like organs and organ systems. Physiology studies the function of structures and how they work together. The scope of anatomy and physiology includes understanding homeostasis, diagnosing disease, treating disease, differentiating physiology from pathology, understanding drug mechanisms, and prohibiting certain drugs. The human body has different levels of structural organization from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. The basic body systems include the integumentary, muscular, skeletal, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, and endocrine systems. The basic life processes are movement, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, respiration, and
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR BEGINNERSissabbafoussam
This document provides an overview of a course on human anatomy and physiology for medical students. The course introduces students to the concepts of anatomy and physiology and how the body is organized from the chemical to organism levels. It describes the main objectives of the course as helping students learn the basic anatomical structures of the body and understand how the organs function and interact with each other. The course also aims to equip students with knowledge of anatomy and physiology to assist them in understanding health issues.
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical function of humans, and serves as the foundation of modern medicine. As a discipline, it connects science, medicine, and health, and creates a framework for understanding how the human body adapts to stresses, physical activity, and disease.
INTRO Physiology and history of physiologypetshelter54
1. The document provides an introduction to the physiology course, defining physiology as the study of the basic functions of living organisms and the mechanisms of life.
2. It discusses the hierarchical organization of life from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. Physiology examines functions at all these levels.
3. The history of physiology is traced from ancient Greece to modern discoveries. Key figures mentioned include Hippocrates, Galen, Harvey, Pavlov, and Hodgkin and Huxley.
This document provides an introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It discusses that anatomy is the study of body structure, including size, shape and composition, while physiology is the study of how the body functions. It notes that anatomy provides knowledge of organ structure, physiology provides knowledge of organ functions, and pathophysiology is the study of dysfunctional processes. The document outlines that anatomy can be studied at different organizational levels, from cells to whole body systems. It emphasizes the importance of understanding anatomy and physiology for purposes like sports performance and injury prevention and rehabilitation.
The book entitled "THE ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT" is a book with
multiple uses, But Primarily for students in health sciences and
biological sciences, who are studying the following courses:
Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, public health, Physiotherapy,
Medical laboratory science, Biochemistry, Anatomy,
Physiology, and others.
This book is also useful for individuals who want to
understand how their body systems basically works and live
healthy.
The writer covered some vital areas needed for the above
students in other textbooks, such as the concept of health, the
human systems and basic functions, Nutritional values and
concepts. Some aspects of mental health and ill health. The
book also explained clearly how human beings can naturally
improve their health and prevent sickness.
It's worthy to appreciate that many authors have written on
the above subjects or areas. But the scope and depths of these
books vary and some of the authors presented it in a very
complex form, making it difficult for so many readers to
comprehend. Some of these books, the authors bombarded
with much details with no simplification. This becomes more
tedious for readers who do not have much time to cover it.
Similar to 1st Lecture Continuation of Cardiovascular System - BDS-MBBS 2019-2020 session.pptx (20)
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
3. •9TH WEEK OF THE AMENDED
1ST SEMESTER OF THE
2019/2020 ACADEMIC
SESSION
•(Feb. 1ST – Mar. 31ST 2021)
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 3
4. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
CONTINUATION
Dr. Eghe Osawaru Aihie
BDS (Benin), MSc. Human Physiology (Benin).
Department of Physiology,
School of Basic Medical Sciences,
College of Medical Sciences,
University of Benin.
6. basic
• Please be punctual to classes
• Please feel free to ask questions on what has been
taught in the class so that I can explain better
• Please don’t get distracted during the lecture
• Contributions to the lecture are welcome, no one
has the monopoly of knowledge
• My work is to facilitate the learning process
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 6
7. An important aspect of this phase of your training
• MBBS PART 2 AND BDS PART 1A PROFESSIONAL
ASSESSMENT
a. Continuous Assessment = 30%
b. Main Examination = 70%
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 7
8. An important aspect of this phase of your training
contd.
a. Continuous Assessment = 30%
i. 1ST CA – THEORY/ESSAY (after Cardiovascular and
Respiratory Physiology)
ii. 2ND CA – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
iii. 3RD CA – STEEPLE CHASE/PRACTICAL
b. Main Examination = 70%
i. Paper 1 - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) = 25%
ii. Paper 2 - THEORY/ESSAY = 25%
iii. Steeple Chase/Practical = 10%
iv. Viva Voce/Orals = 10%
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 8
9. An important aspect of this phase of your training
contd.
• If you do not the Main Examination
c. Resit Examination = 100%
i. Paper 1 - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) = 100%
ii. Paper 2 - THEORY/ESSAY = 100%
iii. Steeple Chase/Practical = 60%
iv. Viva Voce/Orals = 40%
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 9
10. An important aspect of this phase of your training
contd.
• If you want to make a “Distinction”, the time to
start “thinking about it” and “putting in your
efforts” to achieve it is “NOW” not tomorrow.
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 10
11. Above All These
• Above all these, God is the One who can
sustain you through life.
• O LORD, I know that the path of [life of] a man
is not in himself; It is not within [the limited
ability of] man [even one at his best] to
choose and direct his steps [in life]. (Jeremiah
10:23)
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 11
12. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS
1. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
(Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition (2020) by John E.
Hall PhD (Author), Michael E. Hall MD MSc.
2. Physiology 6th Edition by Linda S. Costanzo PhD
(2017). 5th Edition published in 2014
3. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (7th
Edition) 7th Edition by Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
(2015). 6th Edition published in 2012
2/16/2018 Jesus is Lord
12
13. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS contd.
4. Vander's Human Physiology 14th Edition by Eric
Widmaier (Author), Hershel Raff (Author), Kevin
Strang (Author) (2015). 13th Edition published in 2013
5. Berne & Levy Physiology 7th Edition by Bruce M.
Koeppen MD PhD (Author), Bruce A. Stanton PhD
(Author) (2017)
6. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, Twenty sixth
Edition 26th Edition by Kim Barrett (Author), Susan
Barman (Author), Jason Yuan (Author), Heddwen
Brooks (Author) (2019)
2/16/2018 Jesus is Lord
13
14. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS contd.
7. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGy 8th Revised
edition by K Sembulingam (Author) (2019)
8. Human Physiology 15th Edition by Stuart Fox
(Author), Krista Rompolski (Author) (2018)
9. Etc
2/16/2018 Jesus is Lord
14
15. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOLOGY
• Physiology is the science that seeks to explain the
physical and chemical mechanisms that are responsible
for the origin, development, and progression of life.
• The science of human physiology attempts to explain
the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the
human body that make it a living being.
• Human physiology links the basic sciences with
medicine and integrates multiple functions of the cells,
tissues, and organs into the functions of the living
human being. (Hall and Hall, 2021)
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 15
16. Importance of Physiology contd.
• This integration requires communication and coordination
by a vast array of control systems that operate at every
level—from the genes that program synthesis of molecules
to the complex nervous and hormonal systems that
coordinate functions of cells, tissues, and organs
throughout the body.
• Thus, the coordinated functions of the human body are
much more than the sum of its parts, and life in health, as
well as in disease states, relies on this total function.
• (Hall and Hall, 2021)
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 16
17. Importance of Physiology contd.
• Normal human physiology
• Pathophysiology - which is the study of disordered
body function and the basis for clinical medicine.
• “The physiology of today is the medicine of
tomorrow” - Ernest H. Starling, Physiologist (1926)
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 17
18. Importance of Physiology contd.
• Physiology is the foundation of medical practice. A
firm grasp of its principles is essential for the
medical student and the practicing physician.
• Those who learn the principles of Physiology well
will be rewarded throughout their professional
careers! (Costanzo, 2014).
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 18
19. Importance of Physiology contd.
• One of your tasks as you study will be to construct for yourself a
global view of the body, its systems, and the many processes that
keep the systems working.
• This “big picture” is what physiologists call the integration of systems,
and it is a key theme in the book.
• To integrate information, however, you must do more than simply
memorize it.
• You need to truly understand it and be able to use it to solve
problems that you have never encountered before.
• If you are headed for a career in the health professions, you will do
this in the clinics (Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, 2012).
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 19
20. Importance of Physiology contd.
• Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of a living
organism and its component parts, including all its chemical
and physical processes.
• The term physiology literally means “knowledge of
nature.”(Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, 2012).
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 20
21. Importance of Physiology contd.
• Physiology is the study of how living organisms function.
• Physiologists are interested in function and integration—how parts of
the body work together at various levels of organization and, most
importantly, in the entire organism.
• Even when physiologists study parts of organisms, all the way down
to individual molecules, the intention is ultimately to apply the
information they gain to understanding the function of the whole
body.
• As the nineteenth-century physiologist Claude Bernard put it, “After
carrying out an analysis of phenomena, we must . . . always
reconstruct our physiological synthesis, so as to see the joint action of
all the parts we have isolated. . . .” (Widmaier et al., 2013).
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 21
22. Importance of Physiology contd.
• The study of human physiology provides the
scientific foundation for the field of medicine and
all other professions related to human health and
physical performance (Stuart Ira Fox, 2011).
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 22
23. General Principles of Physiology
1. Homeostasis is essential for health and survival.
• The ability to maintain physiological variables such as body
temperature and blood sugar concentrations within normal
ranges is the underlying principle upon which all physiology
is based.
2. The functions of organ systems are coordinated with
each other.
• Physiological mechanisms operate and interact at the level
of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The different
organ systems in the human body do not function
independently of each other.
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 23
24. General Principles of Physiology contd.
3. Most physiological functions are controlled by multiple
regulatory systems, often working in opposition.
• Typically, control systems in the human body operate such
that a given variable, such as heart rate, receives both
stimulatory and inhibitory signals.
4. Information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is an
essential feature of homeostasis and allows for
integration of physiological processes.
• Cells can communicate with nearby cells via locally secreted
chemical signals or Cells in one structure can also
communicate long distances using electrical signals or
chemical messengers such as hormones.
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 24
25. General Principles of Physiology contd.
5. Controlled exchange of materials occurs between
compartments and across cellular membranes.
• The movement of water and solutes—such as ions, sugars,
and other molecules—between the extracellular and
intracellular fluid is critical for the survival of all cells,
tissues, and organs.
6. Physiological processes are dictated by the laws of
chemistry and physics
• Physical laws - the relation between the diameter of a tube
and the flow of liquid through the tube
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 25
26. General Principles of Physiology contd.
7. Physiological processes require the transfer and balance
of matter and energy.
• The Growth and the maintenance of homeostasis require
regulation of the movement and transformation of energy-
yielding nutrients and molecular building blocks between
the body and the environment and between different
regions of the body.
8. Structure is a determinant of function
• The form and composition of cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems determine how they interact with each
other and with the physical world.
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 26
27. RECALL
1. What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 27
34. 8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord
34
General
organization of
the circulatory
system
35. • NEXT LECTURE
• WEDNESDAY 7TH APRIL 2021
• Thursday 1st April – sort out where you will be
staying
• Friday 2nd April – Good Friday
• Monday 5th April – Easter Monday
8/10/2023 Jesus is Lord 35