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Running Head: FALLACY JOURNAL
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FALLACY JOURNAL
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Institution
Date
Emotionally Loaded Language
This fallacy arises when one uses the terms that shows more about ones feelings on the issues other than the rational basis from which those feelings are derived or when one uses emotions to alter the belief or behavior of others. Emotionally loaded language uses terms to evoke emotional response towards a particular product rather than explaining the reasoning for using or purchasing the product (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009). This fallacy manipulates emotions in order to get ones attention away from an important issue. An emotional appeal is directed to divert the audience emotions and often uses the appeal of prejudice rather than offer a good assessment of a situation (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).
In the advertisement words positive connotation also known as glittering word such as glamour, intrigue and power have been used. The audience associates the words glamour, intrigue, power and sex with an internationally known icon, playboy Bunny (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009). The fallacy is in the inference. By purchasing the key to the play boy club lifestyle and one can own powerful sexuality. Ones reasoning contain the fallacy of appeal to emotions when ads appeal one to purchase the product merely because the appeal arouses ones feelings of sexuality.
Sexuality is a strong emotion. Sexual connection is instinctive, immediate and appeals to everyone. A person doesn’t usually apply critical thinking to sexual impulses, so this type of advertisement pays off quickly.
Appeal to ignorance
This fallacy argues on the basis of what is not known and cannot be proven. It holds the belief that if one cannot prove that something is false then it must be true and vice versa.
Appeal to ignorance occurs when one believes something to be true that is not, because one has no knowledge about the subject to prove otherwise. For instance, an argument that is based on stereotype (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).
The cigarette advertisement asks the audience to accept the truth of the claim that pleasure tastes great in red because there no proof that the contrary exists. In this case, there is no reason for holding to this belief but one is asked to accept the statement as true because it cannot be proven false. The assumption that pleasure tastes great in red is an error in reasoning. The audience is made to assume that pleasure does not taste great in blue, yellow or green. This advert is simply illogical rhetoric that also uses an appeal to emotional language. The meaning associated with the word pleasure is universally positive.
Inconsistency
A fallacy is inconsistent if it contains two assertions either implicit or explicit, which are logically incompatible with each other. Inconsistency may occur between words or actions. The fallacy occurs when one accepts an inconsistent set of claims, that is, when one accept a claim that logically confl.
The document discusses different types of logical fallacies, providing examples of each. It begins by defining a fallacy as a defect in reasoning according to Louis Vaughn's book The Power of Critical Thinking. Common fallacies discussed include the genetic fallacy, ad hominem, and appeal to tradition. Examples are given for each. The document also discusses how fallacies are used frequently in everyday arguments and discussions to influence opinions.
This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of common fallacy types. It defines a fallacy as a flawed argument that appears sound but violates logic. Advertisements often use fallacies to persuade. Some fallacy types discussed include ad hominem, bandwagon, false dilemma, slippery slope, and appealing to fear. The document analyzes examples of fallacious arguments and advertising to help identify different fallacy types.
Fallacies prevent critical thinking by fooling us. Common fallacies include ad hominem attacks, appeals to ignorance, tradition, slippery slopes, false dilemmas, hasty generalizations, non sequiturs, bandwagon appeals, and appeals to pity. We must be aware of fallacious reasoning and support arguments with evidence instead of logical fallacies.
This document defines and provides examples of various types of formal and informal fallacies. Formal fallacies are errors in reasoning based on logical form, while informal fallacies occur in everyday discourse. Some fallacies can be unintentional, but others are intentional ways to deceive people. The document then outlines specific fallacies such as fallacies of ambiguity involving unclear meanings, fallacies of relevance using irrelevant premises or conclusions, fallacies of presumption making unjustified assumptions, and fallacies of indefinite induction drawing conclusions from insufficient samples. Examples are provided for each fallacy type.
The slides aim to train members of Ateneo Debate Union to detect fallacies in argumentation. It is the hope that this would enhance their case construction skills. The principles used borrows heavily from logic.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docxcockekeshia
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docxcockekeshia
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
The document discusses various types of informal fallacies, including fallacies of relevance such as ignoratio elenchi (missing the point), ad hominem (against the person), and fallacies that manipulate the audience such as ad populum (appeal to popularity), ad misericordiam (appeal to pity), and ad baculum (appeal to force). Sample arguments are provided for each fallacy to illustrate where the logical error occurs. Key details are emphasized on distinguishing different types of fallacies and avoiding fallacious reasoning.
The document discusses different types of logical fallacies, providing examples of each. It begins by defining a fallacy as a defect in reasoning according to Louis Vaughn's book The Power of Critical Thinking. Common fallacies discussed include the genetic fallacy, ad hominem, and appeal to tradition. Examples are given for each. The document also discusses how fallacies are used frequently in everyday arguments and discussions to influence opinions.
This document discusses logical fallacies and provides examples of common fallacy types. It defines a fallacy as a flawed argument that appears sound but violates logic. Advertisements often use fallacies to persuade. Some fallacy types discussed include ad hominem, bandwagon, false dilemma, slippery slope, and appealing to fear. The document analyzes examples of fallacious arguments and advertising to help identify different fallacy types.
Fallacies prevent critical thinking by fooling us. Common fallacies include ad hominem attacks, appeals to ignorance, tradition, slippery slopes, false dilemmas, hasty generalizations, non sequiturs, bandwagon appeals, and appeals to pity. We must be aware of fallacious reasoning and support arguments with evidence instead of logical fallacies.
This document defines and provides examples of various types of formal and informal fallacies. Formal fallacies are errors in reasoning based on logical form, while informal fallacies occur in everyday discourse. Some fallacies can be unintentional, but others are intentional ways to deceive people. The document then outlines specific fallacies such as fallacies of ambiguity involving unclear meanings, fallacies of relevance using irrelevant premises or conclusions, fallacies of presumption making unjustified assumptions, and fallacies of indefinite induction drawing conclusions from insufficient samples. Examples are provided for each fallacy type.
The slides aim to train members of Ateneo Debate Union to detect fallacies in argumentation. It is the hope that this would enhance their case construction skills. The principles used borrows heavily from logic.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docxcockekeshia
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docxcockekeshia
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
The document discusses various types of informal fallacies, including fallacies of relevance such as ignoratio elenchi (missing the point), ad hominem (against the person), and fallacies that manipulate the audience such as ad populum (appeal to popularity), ad misericordiam (appeal to pity), and ad baculum (appeal to force). Sample arguments are provided for each fallacy to illustrate where the logical error occurs. Key details are emphasized on distinguishing different types of fallacies and avoiding fallacious reasoning.
Tips For Writing A Narrative Essay. Scholarship Essay: How to start a narrati...Amanda Stephens
How to Write a Narrative Essay | Writing Guides | Ultius. How to Write a Narrative Essay: Easy Guide and Useful Tips. What To Write My Narrative Essay About ― 40 Best Narrative Essay Topics. Scholarship Essay: How to start a narrative composition. Helpful Narrative Essay Topics Ireland | Essay topics, Essay writing .... Reflection essay: How do you write a narrative essay. How to Write a Good Narrative Essay | Blog CheapEssay.net. What Is A Narrative Essay? Narrative Essay Examples And Writing Tips .... Narrative Essay Help - Step 1 - Define Your Qualities. 30 Sample Of Narrative Essay | Example Document Template. How to Write a Narrative Essay. 5 Tips for Teaching Narrative Writing | Narrative writing, Teaching ....
Logical Fallacy
Logical Fallacy Paper
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Logical Fallacy
A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning. In other words it is a factual error or a failure to logically support the conclusion in an argument. An argument is a group of statements about a specific topic where a stand is taken applying premises needed to support their ultimate conclusion. A fallacy is a type of argument where the person uses bad arguments to support their conclusion but in order to be a fallacy it must be believed some of the time (Eemeren & Grootendorst, 1995). The different types of fallacies are mere assertion, circular reasoning, Ad hominem, red herring, pseudo-questions, false cause, sweeping generalizations, slippery slope, and equivocation or changing meanings.
Mere Assertion
Arguments by mere assertion simply mean a person uses a strong statement instead of any real fact to argue a point. Just because an argument is stated emphatically does not mean that statement is in fact true. In mere assertion even if there are facts to the contrary or that contradict the argument it will continue o be supported. Arguments by mere assertion are also considered rhetoric. Rhetoric is supporting the argument despite the fact there is no evidence the argument is true. It is a form of persuasion or blind faith in the mere assertion.
Circular Reasoning
Circular reasoning is a type of fallacy where the argument goes in circles while never actually being proved. Circular reasoning also known as begging the question involves the conclusion found in the premise. Having a right to X is the same as other people having an obligation to allow you to have X, so each of these arguments begs the question, assuming exactly what it is trying to prove (2009). For example the argument is the Bible is never wrong. Whatever the Bible says is a fact therefore the Bible is never wrong. The argument uses circular reasoning by circling back to the original argument without any fact everything in the Bible is in fact true.
Ad hominem
Ad hominem is a fallacy that simply means argument using personal attacks instead of using legitimate facts to prove the argument true. Ad hominem refers to using personal facts against other people in the argument to prove the point. Since the person cannot find a legitimate counter argument they will use slander and verbal attacks to win their argument. The ad hominem fallacy may use abusive words to win the argument or may attack their family, job, ethnicity, or personal beliefs, just to name a few.
There are many different arguments involving the ad hominem from the circumstance fallacy to guilt by association (Eemeren, F & Grootendorst, 1995). In the ad hominem argument needling is also used to cause the other person to err causing the false argument to appear more legitimate. People using this type of argument have poor character and lack the intelligence to develop a sound and logical arg ...
This document discusses 14 common logical fallacies:
1. Ad hominem - Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
2. Ad baculum - Using threats or force to support an argument.
3. Ad misercordiam - Using emotion like pity to persuade rather than reason.
4-7. Additional fallacies like appeals to popularity, tradition, ignorance, and circular reasoning.
8. Hasty generalization - Making broad claims without sufficient evidence.
9. Post hoc fallacy - Assuming cause and effect without evidence of a relationship.
10-11. Composition and division fallacies - Inferring something is true of a whole because
The document discusses various persuasive techniques that writers can use to convince audiences of their point of view. It describes 15 common persuasive techniques including appeals, attacks, inclusive/exclusive language, rhetorical questions, cause and effect reasoning, connotations, analogy, humor, jargon, formal/colloquial language, repetition, hyperbole, imagery/figurative language, bias, and emotive language. It provides examples for each technique and discusses how they can be used persuasively. The document aims to help readers think critically about how language is used to persuade in different texts.
Common Fallacies In Advertising Powerpointmairacute
This document defines common fallacies in advertising and provides examples of each. It discusses 9 different types of fallacies: ad hominem, appeal to emotions, false dilemma, appeal to the people, scare tactic, false cause, hasty generalization, red herring, and traditional wisdom. For each fallacy type, it explains what the fallacy is and provides a brief example. The document concludes by stating that readers will work in groups to identify which fallacies are used in different advertisements.
Common fallacies in_advertising_powerpointBuse Seker
This document defines common fallacies in advertising and provides examples of each. It discusses 9 different types of fallacies: ad hominem, appeal to emotions, false dilemma, appeal to the people, scare tactic, false cause, hasty generalization, red herring, and traditional wisdom. For each fallacy it gives a definition and example to illustrate how it can be used incorrectly in arguments and advertisements to manipulate people. The document suggests that fallacies are prevalent in many advertisements and aims to help people identify and understand common logical fallacies.
This document discusses logical fallacies, which are errors in reasoning that undermine arguments. It identifies four main categories of logical fallacies: fallacies of relevance, defective induction, presumption, and ambiguity. Within these categories, 17 specific logical fallacies are covered. Examples of each fallacy type are provided to illustrate how the fallacies work. The document aims to help readers identify and avoid using faulty reasoning in their own arguments.
The document discusses various types of logical fallacies, which are flaws in reasoning that can undermine arguments. It defines fallacies as violations of logical laws or erroneous forms of reasoning. The document then explains 12 common informal fallacies, including appeals to emotion, authority, popularity and ignorance. It provides examples to illustrate each fallacy. The document concludes by presenting statements containing potential fallacies and asking the reader to identify them, along with answering any additional questions.
Topic 2. methods of philosophical reasoningdan_maribao
This document discusses philosophical methods of reasoning and fallacies. It defines fallacies as flawed arguments. The document then provides examples of different types of fallacies, including fallacies of relevance, weak induction, presumption, ambiguity, and grammatical analogy. Specific fallacies discussed include appeal to force, pity, popularity, ignorance, and false analogy. The document encourages analyzing arguments to identify fallacious reasoning.
This document discusses various persuasive techniques used in writing. It begins by listing common emotional appeals writers may use such as fear, pride, health, etc. It then provides examples and explanations of 21 specific persuasive techniques:
1. Attacks on opposing views
2. Inclusive vs. exclusive language
3. Rhetorical questions
4. Cause and effect reasoning
5. Careful word choice for connotations
6. Use of analogy
It encourages analyzing persuasive writing by considering how these and other techniques may be employed to convince the audience.
The document outlines 11 common propaganda techniques used to influence people: testimonials, bandwagon, card stacking, glittering generalities, plain folks, name calling, transfer, simplification/stereotyping, assertion, lesser of two evils, and pinpointing the enemy. Each technique is briefly defined, with examples of how it works to sway audiences by appealing to emotions, peer pressure, selective facts, and oversimplification of complex issues.
Faulty Arguments,Logical Fallacies and Poor Re.docxssuser454af01
Faulty Arguments,
Logical Fallacies
and
Poor Reasoning
Faulty ArgumentsThis PowerPoint contains some of the common errors people make in reasoning. If you listen, you will hear many of these fallacies in everyday conversation.The “natural” cure and herbal medicine literature is rife with glaring examples of poor argumentation.Study these generic examples and you will be able to spot them in the assigned articles with ease.
Poor Logic
Emotional AppealThis is an attempt to sway the listener by getting him emotionally involved. Emotions shut down reason!Sick or scared people are especially vulnerable.
Ad Hominem/ Personal AttackArguments of this kind focus on the character of the person advancing it; they seek to discredit positions by discrediting those who hold them. They attack the arguers rather than the arguments.Politicians are often subjected to ad hominem attacks
Bandwagon/ Ad PopulumThe difference between the two is that the bandwagon fallacy places an emphasis on current fads and trends, whereas the ad populum suggests that an idea must be true simply because it is widely held.
Appeal to AuthorityFor example, an appeal to authority argument seeks to persuade by citing what someone else, a perceived authority, thinks on the subject, as if that resolves the question. The degree of support that such an appeal lends to a claim varies depending on the particular authority in question, the relevance of their expertise to the claim, and other factors, but in all cases is limited.
Appeal to AuthorityAn appeal to authority argument seeks to persuade by citing what someone else, a perceived authority, thinks on the subject, as if that resolves the question. Celebrity endorsements sell products.Even worse, celebrity endorsements of political figures win votes. Yikes!
Faulty StatisticsMisunderstanding or misusing statistics to shore up a weak argument.Example: “We must fund our schools better! Half our children are below average on their math tests!”People pull bogus statistics out of thin air to sound impressive.
Research by ExegesisResearch by exegesis is using a book as an infallible reference source.Usually it refers to the supposedly infallible Bible, but not always.People cite Bible verses to convince people that being gay is wrong.
Either/Or & Slippery SlopeSlippery slope arguments falsely assume that one thing must lead to another. They begin by suggesting that if we do one thing then that will lead to another, and before we know it we’ll be doing something that we don’t want to do.They conclude that we therefore shouldn’t do the first thing. The problem with these arguments is that it is possible to do the first thing that they mention without going on to do the other things; restraint is possible.
Slippery Slope Example“If you go out with that kind of guy, you will get pregnant and end up dropping out of college.”Either you stay in school or you won’t get a good job.
Red HerringThe red herring ...
Introduction to Philosophy 101 HomeworkSection 3 Deductive Argum.pdffazilfootsteps
Introduction to Philosophy 101: Homework
Section 3: Deductive Arguments and Standard Form/Short Answer
Directions: Put the following deductive arguments into standard form and determine whether the
arguments are of the form modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive syllogism, or hypothetical
syllogism.
1. If it is true that everyone lies to serve their own interest, then no one can be trusted. But,
obviously I know many people who can be trusted. Therefore, it cannot be true that everyone lies
to serve their own interest.
1.
2.
___________________________________________________
3.
Form:
2. If large cattle farms are more harmful to the environment than driving automobiles, then
eating beef is morally wrong. Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles.
Thus, this must mean that eating beef is morally wrong.
1.
2.
_____________________________________________________
3.
Form:
3. If determinism is true then no human being can ever be responsible for any of their actions. If
human beings cannot be responsible for their actions, then there is no such thing as universal
ethics. Therefore, if determinism is true, then there is no such thing as universal ethics.
1.
2.
________________________________________________________
3.
Form:
4. Explain Sophistic rhetoric. What is its purpose?
5. Why does Socrates claim that he is the wisest in all of Athens?
6. Explain Socrates’ idea of truth. Does truth exist?
7. Explain Dqescartes’ method of doubt and the rational truth he discovers.
8. According to Berkeley, “if a tree falls in the woods, does it make a sound?” Explain this in
terms of his philosophy.
9. When referring to the theory of Dualism, what is the problem of interaction?
10. Briefly define Physicalism.
Solution
2. If large cattle farms are more harmful to the environment than driving automobiles, then
eating beef is morally wrong. Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles.
Thus, this must mean that eating beef is morally wrong.
Form: modus ponens
P: Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles
Q: that eating beef is morally wrong.
If P Q and P are true, then Q is true, by modus ponens.
3. If determinism is true then no human being can ever be responsible for any of their actions. If
human beings cannot be responsible for their actions, then there is no such thing as universal
ethics. Therefore, if determinism is true, then there is no such thing as universal ethics.
Form:disjunctive syllogism.
1. If it is true that everyone lies to serve their own interest, then no one can be trusted. But,
obviously I know many people who can be trusted. Therefore, it cannot be true that everyone lies
to serve their own interest.
Form: modus tollens
4. Explain Sophistic rhetoric. What is its purpose?
The Sophists were orators, public speakers, mouths for hire in an oral culture. They were gifted
with speech. They were skilled in what becomes known as Rhetoric. They were respected,
feared and hated. They had a gift.
I need a 7 pg research essay on the following Select a real o.docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 7 pg research essay on the following:
Select a real or hypothetical crisis, such as a natural disaster (hurricane, tornado, flooding, or earthquake), a catastrophic building failure, or an act of terrorism.
Discuss resource management based on ethical approaches used during crisis management.
Consider issues such as patient triage or current as well as incoming patients, supply, and personnel availability.
Discuss and develop an authoritative chain of command for crisis management.
Include such responsibilities as Incident Commander, Communications Officer, and other members of the chain of command for the incident.
Discuss the importance and implementation of community communication, involvement, and coordination.
Discuss the necessary policies for personnel management and safety.
Include provisions for lock-down status and family communication abilities.
Outline the steps for supply chain management, both for personnel and the supplies needed to provide care.
.
I need a 4-5 APA formatted paper with references that is clearly wri.docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 4-5 APA formatted paper with references that is clearly written and includes the following:
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I need a 3 page research paper on Title Addictive being youn.docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 3 page research paper on
Title:
Addictive being young and older on Social Media, why activities outdoors can prevent addiction
In the attached zip file, I have provided 10 journals that you need to use for this research paper.
In the word doc, I have shared the topic and sub-topics that you have to use. And it also has guidelines from the teacher for this paper.
Due on Saturday, 13th March 4PM PST
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I need a 3 page double-spaced 12-point paper on Immunotherapy. the information must be obtained from at least three original research articles, not from blogs news, etc.. must have work cited page. should include Introductory, Body(divided into smaller sections), Summary or Conclusion, followed by the references. I need this done by April 30, 2021 10:30pm Eastern Daylight Time
.
I need a 2500 word essay on the 1st Battalion 7th Cavalry Regiment. .docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 2500 word essay on the 1st Battalion 7th Cavalry Regiment. The paper needs to start with training the unit before deploying to Vietnam. How they perfected thier new traininf with helicopters. It needs to talk about both LTC Hal Moore and CSM Basil Plumbly. It needs to talk about how the unit remained resilient and how they over came racism and the battle in Vietnam.
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I need a 200-word paper that answers the following questions:D.docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 200-word paper that answers the following questions:
Describe the term Enterprise Architecture (EA), what it means, how it can be used, and the core elements on EA. What are the core elements within EA.?
Now compare EA to Information Systems – are there any similarities, any differences?
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i need a 2 page essay on LA crimes as it pertains to Rape you will h.docxeugeniadean34240
i need a 2 page essay on LA crimes as it pertains to Rape you will have to response to the data regarding observed disparities in offenders vs. incarcertaion of Rape offense in Louisiana. also you will have to included a critical and well reasoned to the incarceration rate in Louisiana as a whole vs. the US.
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I need a 1 page professional bio. My cover letter and resume i.docxeugeniadean34240
I need a 1 page professional bio.
My cover letter and resume is attached.
As an experienced and motivated professional with exceptional leadership and interpersonal abilities, I am prepared to significantly contribute to your organization’s goals in this role.
My background lies in workforce and economic development, managing operations, teams, conflict resolution, and processes to propel revenue increases while realizing enhanced corporate success and productivity. From establishing and implementing visionary business strategies to driving employees to achieve peak performance levels, I excel at directing strategic enhancements to outperform open objectives while communicating openly and effectively with staff and management teams.
Highlights of my experience include the following:
Ø Excelling as the Manager of the workforce development team with the Shelby County Alternative Schools for the past 10 years, federal grant management, identifying employment opportunities for youth and adult offenders, educating and supporting clients through vocational training initiatives, evaluating client work interests and aptitudes, and connecting clients with eligible and appropriate employment programs.
Ø Assisting program participants in identifying anger, recognizing aggressive behavior triggers, and learning tension and anger management techniques.
Ø Coaching and mentoring staff to ensure outstanding job performances and maximum program effectiveness. (virtual and face-to-face)
Ø Scheduling and coordinating opportunities for training, recreation, and leisure activities tailored to participants ‘preferences and age-appropriateness
Ø Encouraging an atmosphere supportive of constructive feedback and performance evaluation/improvement
Ø Adept at establishing goals and driving achievement through education, training, communication, and resource utilization
Ø Maintaining detailed records and reports to document participant progress and status
Ø Demonstrating solid time management, interpersonal, and organizational skills, as well as Microsoft Office proficiency.
Ø Compiling and analyzing client data obtained through records, tests, interviews, and other professional sources, determining clients’ suitability for various job opportunities and vocational training programs
Ø Facilitating and leading both individual and group orientation sessions and educating participants on requirements for participation in agency- sponsored programs
Ø Establishing solid and trusting relationships through exceptional relationship-building skills; utilizing solid communication and interpersonal abilities to secure employer and client trust
My proven dedication to optimizing workforce development and employment success through my expert knowledge of learning, development, and conflict resolution strategies will contribute immensely to the success of your-team.
.
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Logical Fallacy
Logical Fallacy Paper
Name
Class
Date
Professor
Logical Fallacy
A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning. In other words it is a factual error or a failure to logically support the conclusion in an argument. An argument is a group of statements about a specific topic where a stand is taken applying premises needed to support their ultimate conclusion. A fallacy is a type of argument where the person uses bad arguments to support their conclusion but in order to be a fallacy it must be believed some of the time (Eemeren & Grootendorst, 1995). The different types of fallacies are mere assertion, circular reasoning, Ad hominem, red herring, pseudo-questions, false cause, sweeping generalizations, slippery slope, and equivocation or changing meanings.
Mere Assertion
Arguments by mere assertion simply mean a person uses a strong statement instead of any real fact to argue a point. Just because an argument is stated emphatically does not mean that statement is in fact true. In mere assertion even if there are facts to the contrary or that contradict the argument it will continue o be supported. Arguments by mere assertion are also considered rhetoric. Rhetoric is supporting the argument despite the fact there is no evidence the argument is true. It is a form of persuasion or blind faith in the mere assertion.
Circular Reasoning
Circular reasoning is a type of fallacy where the argument goes in circles while never actually being proved. Circular reasoning also known as begging the question involves the conclusion found in the premise. Having a right to X is the same as other people having an obligation to allow you to have X, so each of these arguments begs the question, assuming exactly what it is trying to prove (2009). For example the argument is the Bible is never wrong. Whatever the Bible says is a fact therefore the Bible is never wrong. The argument uses circular reasoning by circling back to the original argument without any fact everything in the Bible is in fact true.
Ad hominem
Ad hominem is a fallacy that simply means argument using personal attacks instead of using legitimate facts to prove the argument true. Ad hominem refers to using personal facts against other people in the argument to prove the point. Since the person cannot find a legitimate counter argument they will use slander and verbal attacks to win their argument. The ad hominem fallacy may use abusive words to win the argument or may attack their family, job, ethnicity, or personal beliefs, just to name a few.
There are many different arguments involving the ad hominem from the circumstance fallacy to guilt by association (Eemeren, F & Grootendorst, 1995). In the ad hominem argument needling is also used to cause the other person to err causing the false argument to appear more legitimate. People using this type of argument have poor character and lack the intelligence to develop a sound and logical arg ...
This document discusses 14 common logical fallacies:
1. Ad hominem - Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
2. Ad baculum - Using threats or force to support an argument.
3. Ad misercordiam - Using emotion like pity to persuade rather than reason.
4-7. Additional fallacies like appeals to popularity, tradition, ignorance, and circular reasoning.
8. Hasty generalization - Making broad claims without sufficient evidence.
9. Post hoc fallacy - Assuming cause and effect without evidence of a relationship.
10-11. Composition and division fallacies - Inferring something is true of a whole because
The document discusses various persuasive techniques that writers can use to convince audiences of their point of view. It describes 15 common persuasive techniques including appeals, attacks, inclusive/exclusive language, rhetorical questions, cause and effect reasoning, connotations, analogy, humor, jargon, formal/colloquial language, repetition, hyperbole, imagery/figurative language, bias, and emotive language. It provides examples for each technique and discusses how they can be used persuasively. The document aims to help readers think critically about how language is used to persuade in different texts.
Common Fallacies In Advertising Powerpointmairacute
This document defines common fallacies in advertising and provides examples of each. It discusses 9 different types of fallacies: ad hominem, appeal to emotions, false dilemma, appeal to the people, scare tactic, false cause, hasty generalization, red herring, and traditional wisdom. For each fallacy type, it explains what the fallacy is and provides a brief example. The document concludes by stating that readers will work in groups to identify which fallacies are used in different advertisements.
Common fallacies in_advertising_powerpointBuse Seker
This document defines common fallacies in advertising and provides examples of each. It discusses 9 different types of fallacies: ad hominem, appeal to emotions, false dilemma, appeal to the people, scare tactic, false cause, hasty generalization, red herring, and traditional wisdom. For each fallacy it gives a definition and example to illustrate how it can be used incorrectly in arguments and advertisements to manipulate people. The document suggests that fallacies are prevalent in many advertisements and aims to help people identify and understand common logical fallacies.
This document discusses logical fallacies, which are errors in reasoning that undermine arguments. It identifies four main categories of logical fallacies: fallacies of relevance, defective induction, presumption, and ambiguity. Within these categories, 17 specific logical fallacies are covered. Examples of each fallacy type are provided to illustrate how the fallacies work. The document aims to help readers identify and avoid using faulty reasoning in their own arguments.
The document discusses various types of logical fallacies, which are flaws in reasoning that can undermine arguments. It defines fallacies as violations of logical laws or erroneous forms of reasoning. The document then explains 12 common informal fallacies, including appeals to emotion, authority, popularity and ignorance. It provides examples to illustrate each fallacy. The document concludes by presenting statements containing potential fallacies and asking the reader to identify them, along with answering any additional questions.
Topic 2. methods of philosophical reasoningdan_maribao
This document discusses philosophical methods of reasoning and fallacies. It defines fallacies as flawed arguments. The document then provides examples of different types of fallacies, including fallacies of relevance, weak induction, presumption, ambiguity, and grammatical analogy. Specific fallacies discussed include appeal to force, pity, popularity, ignorance, and false analogy. The document encourages analyzing arguments to identify fallacious reasoning.
This document discusses various persuasive techniques used in writing. It begins by listing common emotional appeals writers may use such as fear, pride, health, etc. It then provides examples and explanations of 21 specific persuasive techniques:
1. Attacks on opposing views
2. Inclusive vs. exclusive language
3. Rhetorical questions
4. Cause and effect reasoning
5. Careful word choice for connotations
6. Use of analogy
It encourages analyzing persuasive writing by considering how these and other techniques may be employed to convince the audience.
The document outlines 11 common propaganda techniques used to influence people: testimonials, bandwagon, card stacking, glittering generalities, plain folks, name calling, transfer, simplification/stereotyping, assertion, lesser of two evils, and pinpointing the enemy. Each technique is briefly defined, with examples of how it works to sway audiences by appealing to emotions, peer pressure, selective facts, and oversimplification of complex issues.
Faulty Arguments,Logical Fallacies and Poor Re.docxssuser454af01
Faulty Arguments,
Logical Fallacies
and
Poor Reasoning
Faulty ArgumentsThis PowerPoint contains some of the common errors people make in reasoning. If you listen, you will hear many of these fallacies in everyday conversation.The “natural” cure and herbal medicine literature is rife with glaring examples of poor argumentation.Study these generic examples and you will be able to spot them in the assigned articles with ease.
Poor Logic
Emotional AppealThis is an attempt to sway the listener by getting him emotionally involved. Emotions shut down reason!Sick or scared people are especially vulnerable.
Ad Hominem/ Personal AttackArguments of this kind focus on the character of the person advancing it; they seek to discredit positions by discrediting those who hold them. They attack the arguers rather than the arguments.Politicians are often subjected to ad hominem attacks
Bandwagon/ Ad PopulumThe difference between the two is that the bandwagon fallacy places an emphasis on current fads and trends, whereas the ad populum suggests that an idea must be true simply because it is widely held.
Appeal to AuthorityFor example, an appeal to authority argument seeks to persuade by citing what someone else, a perceived authority, thinks on the subject, as if that resolves the question. The degree of support that such an appeal lends to a claim varies depending on the particular authority in question, the relevance of their expertise to the claim, and other factors, but in all cases is limited.
Appeal to AuthorityAn appeal to authority argument seeks to persuade by citing what someone else, a perceived authority, thinks on the subject, as if that resolves the question. Celebrity endorsements sell products.Even worse, celebrity endorsements of political figures win votes. Yikes!
Faulty StatisticsMisunderstanding or misusing statistics to shore up a weak argument.Example: “We must fund our schools better! Half our children are below average on their math tests!”People pull bogus statistics out of thin air to sound impressive.
Research by ExegesisResearch by exegesis is using a book as an infallible reference source.Usually it refers to the supposedly infallible Bible, but not always.People cite Bible verses to convince people that being gay is wrong.
Either/Or & Slippery SlopeSlippery slope arguments falsely assume that one thing must lead to another. They begin by suggesting that if we do one thing then that will lead to another, and before we know it we’ll be doing something that we don’t want to do.They conclude that we therefore shouldn’t do the first thing. The problem with these arguments is that it is possible to do the first thing that they mention without going on to do the other things; restraint is possible.
Slippery Slope Example“If you go out with that kind of guy, you will get pregnant and end up dropping out of college.”Either you stay in school or you won’t get a good job.
Red HerringThe red herring ...
Introduction to Philosophy 101 HomeworkSection 3 Deductive Argum.pdffazilfootsteps
Introduction to Philosophy 101: Homework
Section 3: Deductive Arguments and Standard Form/Short Answer
Directions: Put the following deductive arguments into standard form and determine whether the
arguments are of the form modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive syllogism, or hypothetical
syllogism.
1. If it is true that everyone lies to serve their own interest, then no one can be trusted. But,
obviously I know many people who can be trusted. Therefore, it cannot be true that everyone lies
to serve their own interest.
1.
2.
___________________________________________________
3.
Form:
2. If large cattle farms are more harmful to the environment than driving automobiles, then
eating beef is morally wrong. Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles.
Thus, this must mean that eating beef is morally wrong.
1.
2.
_____________________________________________________
3.
Form:
3. If determinism is true then no human being can ever be responsible for any of their actions. If
human beings cannot be responsible for their actions, then there is no such thing as universal
ethics. Therefore, if determinism is true, then there is no such thing as universal ethics.
1.
2.
________________________________________________________
3.
Form:
4. Explain Sophistic rhetoric. What is its purpose?
5. Why does Socrates claim that he is the wisest in all of Athens?
6. Explain Socrates’ idea of truth. Does truth exist?
7. Explain Dqescartes’ method of doubt and the rational truth he discovers.
8. According to Berkeley, “if a tree falls in the woods, does it make a sound?” Explain this in
terms of his philosophy.
9. When referring to the theory of Dualism, what is the problem of interaction?
10. Briefly define Physicalism.
Solution
2. If large cattle farms are more harmful to the environment than driving automobiles, then
eating beef is morally wrong. Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles.
Thus, this must mean that eating beef is morally wrong.
Form: modus ponens
P: Large cattle farms are more harmful than driving automobiles
Q: that eating beef is morally wrong.
If P Q and P are true, then Q is true, by modus ponens.
3. If determinism is true then no human being can ever be responsible for any of their actions. If
human beings cannot be responsible for their actions, then there is no such thing as universal
ethics. Therefore, if determinism is true, then there is no such thing as universal ethics.
Form:disjunctive syllogism.
1. If it is true that everyone lies to serve their own interest, then no one can be trusted. But,
obviously I know many people who can be trusted. Therefore, it cannot be true that everyone lies
to serve their own interest.
Form: modus tollens
4. Explain Sophistic rhetoric. What is its purpose?
The Sophists were orators, public speakers, mouths for hire in an oral culture. They were gifted
with speech. They were skilled in what becomes known as Rhetoric. They were respected,
feared and hated. They had a gift.
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Unit 1
Q 1;
Identify two organizational structures used in health care. What are the central characteristics of each? To what extent is bureaucracy necessary in health care organizations? Explain.
Q 2;
How does a doctorally prepared nurse work across and between levels of an organization? What are the challenges and/or rewards to be gained? Does one outweigh the other?
Resources
Delmatoff, J., & Lazarus, I. R. (2014). The most effective leadership style for the new landscape of healthcare.
Journal of Healthcare Management, 59
(4), 245-249. URL:
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=97206195&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Arbab Kash, B., Spaulding, A., Johnson, C. E., & Gamm, L. (2014). Success factors for strategic change initiatives: A qualitative study of healthcare administrators' perspectives.
Journal of Healthcare Management, 59
(1), 65-81. URL:
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=94059299&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Kritsonis, A. (2004/2005). Comparison of change theories.
International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, 8
(1) 1-7. URL:
http://qiroadmap.org/?wpfb_dl=12
Suter, E., Goldman, J., Martimianakis, T., Chatalalsingh, C., Dematteo, D. J., & Reeves, S. (2013). The use of systems and organizational theories in the interprofessional field: Findings from a scoping review.
Journal of Interprofessional Care, 27
(1), 57-64. doi:10.3109/13561820.2012.739670 URL:
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=84423842&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Narayana, E. A. (1992). Bureaucratization of non-governmental organizations: An analysis of employees' perceptions and attitudes.
Public Administration and Development, 12
(2), 123-137. URL:
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/194674953?accountid=7374
Klemsdal, L. (2013). From bureaucracy to learning organization: Critical minimum specification design as space for sensemaking.
Systemic Practice & Action Research
,
26
(1), 39-52. doi:10.1007/s11213-012-9267-3 URL:
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=84739308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit 2
Q 1:
What are three payment structures used in the health care industry across the care continuum? How are they similar? How are they different? Is there a single problem that transverses all three of the identified payment structures? Explain.
Q 2:
Identify a significant problem with one of the three payment structures used in the health care industry across the care continuum (from DQ 1) and propose a solution from one of the other two payment structures.
Resources
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Create
a 10- to 12-slide presentation comparing
2
of the following branches of Christianity:
Catholic
Orthodox
Protestant
Include
a brief history of the 2 religious traditions and a comparison of their approaches to the Bible. Some concepts to include are:
Examples of art
Central symbols of the faith
Rituals and core beliefs
Ethics role in the faith
You might consider visiting one or more of these churches in person or exploring church websites to add to your own experiences.
.
I N N O V A T I O N N E T W O R K , I N C . www.innone.docxeugeniadean34240
I N N O V A T I O N N E T W O R K , I N C .
www.innonet.org • [email protected]
L o g i c M o d e l W o r k b o o k
I N N O V A T I O N N E T W O R K , I N C .
www.innonet.org • [email protected]
L o g i c M o d e l W o r k b o o k
T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s
P a g e
Introduction - How to Use this Workbook .....................................................................2
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................3
Developing a Logic Model .................................................................................................4
Purposes of a Logic Model ............................................................................................... 5
The Logic Model’s Role in Evaluation ............................................................................ 6
Logic Model Components – Step by Step ....................................................................... 6
Problem Statement: What problem does your program address? ......................... 6
Goal: What is the overall purpose of your program? .............................................. 7
Rationale and Assumptions: What are some implicit underlying dynamics? ....8
Resources: What do you have to work with? ......................................................... 9
Activities: What will you do with your resources? ................................................ 11
Outputs: What are the tangible products of your activities? ................................. 13
Outcomes: What changes do you expect to occur as a result of your work?.......... 14
Outcomes Chain ....................................................................................... 16
Outcomes vs. Outputs ............................................................................. 17
Logic Model Review ...........................................................................................................18
Appendix A: Logic Model Template
Appendix B: Worksheet: Developing an Outcomes Chain
Logic Model Workbook
Page 2
I N N O V A T I O N N E T W O R K , I N C .
www.innonet.org • [email protected]
I n t r o d u c t i o n - H o w t o U s e t h i s W o r k b o o k
Welcome to Innovation Network’s Logic Model Workbook. A logic model is a commonly-used
tool to clarify and depict a program within an organization. You may have heard it described as
a logical framework, theory of change, or program matrix—but the purpose is usually the same:
to graphically depict your program, initiative, project or even the sum total of all of your
organization’s work. It also serves as a
foundation for program planning and
evaluation.
This workbook is a do-it-yourself guide to
the concepts and use of the logic model. It
describes the steps necessary for you to
create logic models fo.
I like to tie my learning to Biblical Principles. On Virtuous Le.docxeugeniadean34240
I like to tie my learning to Biblical Principles. On Virtuous Leadership, I think about what leader in the Bible do I know that stands out as a virtuous leader. Although there are many, one that stands out to me is Nehemiah. Nehemiah's brother and others said that they had been to Jerusalem and the Wall has been broken down, and the gates were burned. Nehemiah listened and took this news personally as if he was the wounded party. In other words, it broke his heart to hear this news.
He then took personal responsibility, prayed, and asked God to forgive him and his people for not obeying his commands. Then he took personal action, and at great danger to himself, he appeared before the King sad - remember that no King wants a sad cupbearer. When the King saw how sad Nehemiah was, he asked him why, and Nehemiah explained the state of his city walls and asked permission to go and fix them. He went and fixed the walls. He got involved in the work as a servant leader and getting the people what they needed. They had a city again with walls and a gate, and most importantly, they had protection!
We can see in this story that a servant leader is someone who takes personal responsibility for what has gone wrong and sets out to fix it, but not only does he/she fix the problem, the servant leader gets involved in the work and works alongside his workers to get the job done right. By doing so, the servant leader demonstrates his care for his workers and organization.
Share a story of a servant leader either in the Bible or someone you know.
.
I just want one paragraph.!!C.W.Mills described ‘sociological im.docxeugeniadean34240
I just want one paragraph.!!
C.W.Mills described ‘sociological imagination’ as an ability to understand “the intersection of one's own biography and other biographies with history and the present social structure you find yourself and others in.” In short, it is the ability to understand the private in public terms. Essentially, Mills is describing an ability to discern patterns in social events and view personal experiences in light of those patterns. To highlight that, he uses two terms – “the personal troubles of milieu” and “the public issues of social structure.” ‘Troubles’ happen to us as individuals, and are a private matter of individual choices and biography. ‘Issues’ are public matters that transcend the individual, and have to do with societal structures and processes.
Here is the Question!!!
1- For this discussion, I want you to select one of the following health/medical issues, and offer a thoughtful reflection on it as both a hypothetical ‘personal trouble’ and a ‘public issue.’
- ADHD; obesity; eating disorder; infertility; Alzheimer’s disease; COVID.
.
i just need serious help answering the question. I have answered mos.docxeugeniadean34240
i just need serious help answering the question. I have answered most of them but the following posted questions are giving me problem.
# 1.1
(1 pts.) In the textbook case, what information led Dr. Tobin to conclude that Shaun Boyden's sexual attraction to children was not a passing fancy? '
A) the fact that he reported having the urges since adolescence
B) the fact that his wife was unaware of his problem
C) the fact that he was never caught in the past
D) the fact that he had a relatively normal sexual development
# 1.2
(1 pts.) Charlie has opted to have psychosurgery performed in order to change his pedophilic patterns. Which of the following procedures will Charlie have done?
A) prefrontal lobotomy
B) hypothalamotomy
C) castration
D) vasectomy
# 1.3
(1 pts.) Dr. Walters is instructing Harry to imagine that he has just "flashed" his genitals at an unsuspecting woman on the street. After the woman responds in horror, Harry is to imagine that all of his closest friends jump out of a nearby alley and start laughing at him. Dr. Walters is using the technique known as
A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive restructuring.
C) covert conditioning.
D) behavior modification.
# 1.4
(1 pts.) Who is most likely to be the target of a frotteurist's desires?
A) a person from work
B) a life-long friend
C) a shopper at the mall
D) a close relative
# 1.9
(1 pts.) Based on the information presented in the textbook case, Shaun Boyden might be considered a ______ since he had a normal history of sexual development and interests.
A) child rapist
B) preference molester
C) situational molester
D) generalized molester
# 1.12
(1 pts.) Joe becomes sexually aroused when he views sexually explicit photographs. He also gets really turned on when his lover undresses in front of him. Joe's behavior might be described as
A) fetishistic.
B) frotteuristic.
C) voyeuristic.
D) normal.
# 1.21
(1 pts.) John gets nauseous when he thinks about having sexual intercourse and he actively avoids the sexual advances of others. John might be diagnosed as having
A) male erectile disorder.
B) sexual aversion disorder.
C) dyspareunia.
D) inhibited male orgasm disorder.
# 1.27
(1 pts.) Five-year-old Timmy has older sisters who dress him up occasionally and call him "Timbelina" since they really wanted a little sister instead of a little brother. If this pattern continues it is possible that Tim might develop
A) sexual masochism.
B) sexual sadism.
C) pedophilia.
D) transvestic fetishism.
# 1.29
(1 pts.) Carol is extremely interested in sex but does not experience the vaginal changes that ordinarily precede sexual intercourse. Carol may have
A) sexual aversion disorder.
B) hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
C) inhibited female orgasm disorder.
D) female sexual arousal disorder.
# 1.32
(1 pts.) John is in a p.
I Headnotes and indexes are copyrighted and may not be duplica.docxeugeniadean34240
I Headnotes and indexes are copyrighted and may not be duplicated by photocopying, printing.
I or other means without the express permission of the publishers. 1 -800-351-0917
43 Fla. L. Weekly S512 SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
Committee later submitted a revised proposal in response to comments. While we
generally approve the Committee's revisions, the revised proposal would have allowed
twenty days[ ratherthan ten, to serve a reply brief. In order to maintain consistency with
otherprovisions in rule 9.146(g)(3)(B), we haverevised the Committee's proposal such
that parties are allowed twenty days to respond after the last initial brief, and ten days
to respond after the last answer brief.
3Wehave revised the Committee's proposal to refer specifically to requirements for
electronic service in Rule ofJudicial Administration 2.516(b).
"See CoastalDev. ofN. Fla.,Inc. v. City ofJacksonville Beach, 788 So. 2d 204,205
footnotes.
(a) Florida Supreme Court.
(111887-present: Fenelonv. State. 594 So. 2d 292 (Fla. 1992).
{211846-1886: Livingston v. L 'Engle, 22 Fla. 427 (1886).
J ±' C-fl&LL/fl 1
n.3(Fla.20CII); Fla. Power &Light Co. v.CityofDania,76l So.2d 1089,1094 (Fla.
2000) ("No statewide criterion exists at this time."); see also Broward Cty. v. G.B. V.
Intern., Ltd.
Anstead,J.)
, 787 So. 2d 838, 849-53 (Fla. 2001) (Pariente, J., dissenting, joined by
(LEWIS, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.) I dissent
because there is no need to amend the rule with regard to joinder on
appeal. This amendment is likely to generate more confusion than
clarity. I concur with the remainder ofthe amendments.
! * * *
I ■
! ..■■■■
Rules of Appellate Procedure—Amendment—Uniform Citation
System
IN RE: AMENDMENTS TO FLORIDA RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE
9.800. Supreme Court of Florida. Case No. SC17-999. October 25,2018. Original
Proceeding—Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. Counsel: Courtney Rebecca
Brewer, Ch lir, Appellate CourtRules Committee, Tallahassee, Kristin A. Norse, Past
Chair, App sllate Court Rules Committee, Tampa; and Joshua E. Doyle, Executive
Director, and Heather Savage Telfer, Staff Liaison, The Florida Bar, Tallahassee, for
Petitioner.
(PER CUjRIAM.) This matter is before the Court for consideration of
proposed, amendments to Florida Rule ofAppellate Procedure 9.800
(Uniforn
Fla. Cons t.
TheFlorida Bar's Appellate CourtRules Committee (Committee)
proposes
uniform
proposal
Citation System). We havejurisdiction. See art. V, § 2(a),
amendments to rule 9.800 to substantially update the
citation formats provided in that rule. The Committee's
to amend the rule was first presented to the Court in the
Commirt 5e' s regular-cycle report ofproposed rule amendments in In
re Amendments to the Florida Rules ofAppellate Procedure—2017
Regular-Cycle Report, No. SC17-152 (Fla. report filed Jan. 31,
2017).' The Court, on its own motion, entered an order directing that
the proposed amendments to rule 9.800 be .
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
1Running Head FALLACY JOURNAL5FALLACY JOURNALName.docx
1. 1
Running Head: FALLACY JOURNAL
5
FALLACY JOURNAL
Name
Institution
Date
Emotionally Loaded Language
This fallacy arises when one uses the terms that shows more
about ones feelings on the issues other than the rational basis
from which those feelings are derived or when one uses
emotions to alter the belief or behavior of others. Emotionally
loaded language uses terms to evoke emotional response
towards a particular product rather than explaining the
reasoning for using or purchasing the product (Frans van Bart
and Bert 2009). This fallacy manipulates emotions in order to
get ones attention away from an important issue. An emotional
appeal is directed to divert the audience emotions and often
uses the appeal of prejudice rather than offer a good assessment
of a situation (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).
In the advertisement words positive connotation also known as
glittering word such as glamour, intrigue and power have been
used. The audience associates the words glamour, intrigue,
power and sex with an internationally known icon, playboy
Bunny (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009). The fallacy is in the
inference. By purchasing the key to the play boy club lifestyle
and one can own powerful sexuality. Ones reasoning contain the
fallacy of appeal to emotions when ads appeal one to purchase
2. the product merely because the appeal arouses ones feelings of
sexuality.
Sexuality is a strong emotion. Sexual connection is instinctive,
immediate and appeals to everyone. A person doesn’t usually
apply critical thinking to sexual impulses, so this type of
advertisement pays off quickly.
Appeal to ignorance
This fallacy argues on the basis of what is not known and
cannot be proven. It holds the belief that if one cannot prove
that something is false then it must be true and vice versa.
Appeal to ignorance occurs when one believes something to be
true that is not, because one has no knowledge about the subject
to prove otherwise. For instance, an argument that is based on
stereotype (Frans van Bart and Bert 2009).
The cigarette advertisement asks the audience to accept the
truth of the claim that pleasure tastes great in red because there
no proof that the contrary exists. In this case, there is no reason
for holding to this belief but one is asked to accept the
statement as true because it cannot be proven false. The
assumption that pleasure tastes great in red is an error in
reasoning. The audience is made to assume that pleasure does
not taste great in blue, yellow or green. This advert is simply
illogical rhetoric that also uses an appeal to emotional language.
The meaning associated with the word pleasure is universally
positive.
Inconsistency
A fallacy is inconsistent if it contains two assertions either
implicit or explicit, which are logically incompatible with each
other. Inconsistency may occur between words or actions. The
3. fallacy occurs when one accepts an inconsistent set of claims,
that is, when one accept a claim that logically conflicts with
other claims one hold.
The phrases full of flavor and full of pleasure are logically
inconsistent statements. The statements are used in ignorance,
so that the audience does not realize they are being inconsistent.
They have also been used within an emotive context to make the
audience loose all sense of logic and therefore appealed to use
the product. Another possibility is a intentional use of these
inconsistent statements to confuse the audience and hence divert
them from their real sense.
Appeal to humor
This refers logical fallacy of appeal where, normally sarcasm or
ridicule is used to divert ones attention away from the
discussion or trying to make the other side appear foolish. It is
an attempt to make one lose the issue through laughter. This
fallacy either fails to make a serious point or reduces another’s
claim to its absurd level. It involves using humor to entertain
rather than educate or enlighten.
Today’s advertisements have a great influence in one’s life
because they inform and guide many important decisions that
one makes. Businesses incur huge costs every year to create
humorous advertisements because it is believed that humor is
the most effective means to attract attention in advertisements.
The current advertising climate requires companies to get their
message across with a single image. Humorous advertisements
are one of the most effective ways to get a product noticed in a
very competitive market.
The fallacy in this advertisement is absurdity. The fact that it is
not possible, however the audiences are receptive to humor and
this ads work. Since Pepsi is a well known product, the off
color humor is less likely to offend and may actually become
the subject of the talk which will make it sell quickly.
4. References
Frans van E., Bart G., and Bert M. (2009). Fallacies and
Judgments of Reasonableness: Empirical Research Concerning
the Pragma-Dialectical Discussion. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-
2613-2.
MASTER LIST OF LOGICAL FALLACIES
The following is a list of all the fallacies that are discussed in
this course. Some are
covered in the textbook and others will be introduced by the
instructor
.
1. Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the
arguer rather than
his/her argument. Example: John's objections to capital
punishment carry no weight
since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative
about someone is not
automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example)
is the issue, then it is
not a fallacy to criticize him/her.
2. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on
the basis of what is
not known and cannot be proven. (Sometimes called the “burden
of proof” fallacy). If
you can't prove that something is true then it must be false (and
vice versa). Example:
You can't prove there isn't a Loch Ness Monster, so there must
be one.
3. Ad verecundiam or APPEAL TO AUTHORITY. This fallacy
tries to convince the
listener by appealing to the reputation of a famous or respected
5. person. Often times it
is an authority in one field who is speaking out of his or her
field of expertise.
Example: Sports stars selling cars or hamburgers. Or, the actor
on a TV commercial
that says, "I'm not a doctor, but I play one on TV."
4. AFFIRMING THE CONSEQUENT. An invalid form of the
conditional argument.
In this case, the second premise affirms the consequent of the
first premise and the
conclusion affirms the antecedent. Example: If he wants to get
that job, then he must
know Spanish. He knows Spanish, so the job is his.
5. AMPHIBOLY. A fallacy of syntactical ambiguity where the
position of words in a
sentence or the juxtaposition of two sentences conveys a
mistaken idea. Or
syntactical ambiguity deliberately misusing implications This
fallacy is like
equivocation except that the ambiguity does not result from a
shift in meaning of a
single word or phrase, but is created by word placement..
Example: Jim said he saw
Jenny walk her dog through the window. Ow! She should be
reported for animal
labuse. Example: Nine out of ten dentists recommend chewing
sugarless gum. (nine
out of ten implying 90 percent of dentists)
6. APPEAL TO EMOTION. In this fallacy, the arguer uses
emotional appeals rather
than logical reasons to persuade the listener. The fallacy can
appeal to various
6. emotions including pride, pity, fear, hate, vanity, or sympathy.
Generally, the issue is
oversimplified to the advantage of the arguer Example; In 1972,
there was a widely-printed advertisement printed by the Foulke
Fur Co., which was in reaction to the
frequent protests against the killing of Alaskan seals for the
making of fancy furs.
According to the advertisement, clubbing the seals was one of
the great conservation
stories of our history, a mere exercise in wildlife management,
because "biologists
believe a healthier colony is a controlled colony."
. FALSE ANALOGY. An unsound form of inductive argument
in which an argument 7.
relies heavily on a weak analogy to prove its point. Example:
This must be a great
car, for, like the finest watches in the world, it was made in
Switzerland
8. BEGGING THE QUESTION or CIRCULAR REASONING.
An argument in
which the conclusion is implied or already assumed in the
premises. Also said to be a
circular argument. Example: Of course the Bible is the word of
God. Why? Because
God says so in the Bible.
SLIPPERY SLOPE or BLACK AND WHITE. A line of
reasoning that argues 9.
against taking a step because it assumes that if you take the first
step, you will
inevitably follow through to the last. This fallacy uses the valid
form of hypothetical
syllogism, but uses guesswork for the premises. Example: We
can't allow students
7. any voice in decision making on campus; if we do, it won't be
long before they are in
total control
10. COMMON BELIEF or APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE. This
fallacy is committed
when we assert a statement to be true on the evidence that many
other people
allegedly believe it. Being widely believed is not proof or
evidence of the truth.
Example: Of course Nixon was guilty in Watergate. Everybody
knows that
11. PAST BELIEF or APPEAL TO TRADITION. A form of the
COMMON BELIEF
fallacy. The same error in reasoning is committed except the
claim is for belief or
support in the past. Example: We all know women should obey
their husbands. After
all, marriage vows contained those words for centuries.
.
12. CONTRARY TO FACT HYPOTHESIS. This fallacy is
committed when we state
with an unreasonable degree of certainty the results of an event
that might have
occurred but did not. Example: If President Bush had not gone
into the Persian Gulf
with military force when he did, Saddam Hussein would control
the world's oil from
Saudi Arabia today
13. DENYING THE ANTECEDENT. An invalid form of the
conditional argument. In
this one, the second premise denies the antecedent of the first
8. premise, and the
conclusion denies the consequent. Often mistaken for modus
tollens. Example: If she
qualifies for a promotion, she must speak English. She doesn’t
qualify for the
promotion, so she must not know how to speak English
.
14. DIVISION. This fallacy is committed when we conclude
that any part of a particular
whole must have a characteristic because the whole has that
characteristic. What is
true of the whole is true of the part. Example: I am sure that
Karen plays the piano
well, since her family is so musical
..
15. COMPOSITION. This fallacy is committed when we
conclude that a whole must
have a characteristic because some part of it has that
characteristic. What is true of
the part is true of the whole. Example: The Dawson clan must
be rolling in money,
since Fred Dawson makes a lot from his practice
..
FAR-FETCHED HYPOTHESIS. A fallacy of inductive
reasoning that is 16.
committed when we accept a particular hypothesis when a more
acceptable
hypothesis, or one more strongly based in fact, is available
Example; The African- American church was set afire after the
civil rights meeting last night; therefore, it
must have been done by the leader and the minister to cast
suspicion on the local
segregationists
17. FALSE DILEMMA (often called the either/or fallacy or
9. false dichotomy). This
fallacy assumes that we must choose one of two alternatives
instead of allowing for
other possibilities; a false form of disjunctive syllogism.
Example: “America, love it
or leave it.” (The implication is, since you don’t love it the only
option is to leave it).
18. EQUIVOCATION. This fallacy is a product of semantic
ambiguity. The arguer uses
the ambiguous nature of a word or phrase to shift the meaning
in such a way as to
make the reason offered appear more convincing. Example: We
realize that workers
are idle during the period of lay-offs. But the government
should never subsidize
idleness, which has often been condemned as a vice. Therefore,
payments to laid off
workers are wrong
19. AMBIGUITY. This fallacy occurs when a term is used in
legitimate but different
senses by two or more persons involved in argumentation.
Example: In the same
discussion both speakers claim they “build bridges,” one is a
construction worker
then other is a dentist.
20. HASTY GENERALIZATION. A generalization accepted on
the support of a
sample that is too small or biased to warrant it. Example: All
men are rats! Just look
at the louse that I married.
21. POST HOC, ERGO PROPTER HOC. (“After this, therefore
caused by this
10. A form of the false cause fallacy in which it is inferred that
because one event
followed another it is necessarily caused by that event.
Example: Mary joined our
class and the next week we all did poorly on the quiz. It must be
her fault.
INCONSISTENCY. A discourse is inconsistent or self-
contradicting if it contains 22.
explicitly or implicitly, two assertions that are logically
incompatible with each other.
Inconsistency can also occur between words and actions.
Example: A woman who
represents herself as a feminist, yet doesn’t believe women
should run for Congress.
23. NON SEQUITUR or IRRELEVANT ARGUMENT. (“It does
not follow.”) In this
fallacy the premises have no direct relationship to the
conclusion. This fallacy
appears in political speeches and advertising with great
frequency. Example: A
waterfall in the background and a beautiful girl in the
foreground have nothing to do
with an automobile's performance.
24. QUESTIONABLE CAUSE. (In Latin: non causa pro causa,
“not the cause of
that”). This form of the false cause fallacy occurs when the
cause for an occurrence is
identified on insufficient evidence. Example: I can't find the
checkbook; I am sure
that my husband hid it.
25. RED HERRING. This fallacy introduces an irrelevant issue
11. into a discussion as a
diversionary tactic. It takes people off the issue at hand; it is
beside the point.
Example: Many people say that engineers need more practice in
writing, but I would
like to remind them how difficult it is to master all the math and
drawing skills that an
engineer requires.
26. SLANTING. A form of misrepresentation in which a true
statement is made, but
made in such a way as to suggest that something is not true or
to give a false
description through the manipulation of connotation. Example: I
can't believe how
much money is being poured into the space program (suggesting
that 'poured' means
heedless and unnecessary spending)
27. STRAW MAN. This fallacy occurs when we misrepresent an
opponent's position to
make it easier to attack, usually by distorting his or her views to
ridiculous extremes.
This can also take the form of attacking only the weak premises
in an opposing
argument while ignoring the strong ones. Example: Those who
favor gun-control
legislation just want to take all guns away from responsible
citizens and put them into
the hands of the criminals.
28. TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT. This fallacy is
committed when we try to
justify an apparently wrong action by charges of a similar
wrong. The underlying
assumption is that if they do it, then we can do it too and are
12. somehow justified.
Example: Supporters of apartheid are often guilty of this error
in reasoning. They
point to U.S. practices of slavery to justify their system.
29. FORCING A DICHOTOMY. This fallacy places the listener
in the position of
having to Choose between an oversimplified either-or choice,
phrased in such a way
that it forces them to favor the arguer’s preferred option.
Example: You can chose
from these three laundry detergents, but X-Brand is the leading
stain and odor
remover. It gets your clothes extra clean compared to the other
brands.
30. APPEAL TO HUMOR. This fallacy either fails to make a
serious point of reduces
another’s claim to its absurd level. Example: I reserve the right
to arm bears.
31. SIMPLE EVASION. This fallacy changes the subject for no
apparent reason, or by
passes a critical issue to divert the attention from the issues
central to the argument.
Example: “Do I have my homework done? So what do you think
of all this rain we
are having?”
32. SHIFTING GROUND. This fallacy occurs when an arguer
abandons his/her original
position on a particular argument and adopts a new one.
Example: Former Vice
President Al Gore was Pro-Life until he accepted the
Democratic Vice-Presidential
Nomination. He now maintains he is Pro-Choice.
13. 33. SEIZING ON A TRIVIAL POINT. This fallacy occurs when
a person locates
another’s weak or indefensible argument and magnifies it out of
all proportion to
discredit a person’s entire position on the proposition. Example:
“She claim Regan
won the 1981 presidential election when in fact it was 1980.
How can we trust her
whole argument if she can’t get the simplest of dates correct?”
34. EMOTIONALLY LOADED LANGUAGE. This fallacy
arises when we uses
terms that show more about our feeling on the issues than about
the rational basis
from which those feelings derive or when we use emotion as the
sole means to alter
the belief or behavior of others. Example: An advertisement
uses the terms,
American, patriot, united, freedom, to evoke an emotional
response towards its
product instead explaining the reasoning for using/purchasing
the product.
35. TECHNICAL JARGON. This fallacy becomes a problem
when the audience is
overwhelmed with too many new terms or when it is used to
impress the audience or
replace sound reasoning. Example: Telling your friend that they
just committed a
fallacy when they have no idea what the term “fallacy” means.