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1-Primary Eye Care and Community Participation - PowerPoint.pptx
1. Primary Eye Care and
Community Participation
Dr. R.M. Kipsang
Consultant Ophthalmologist
2. Primary Eye Care and Community
Participation
Delivery of primary eye care has its specific
roles and targets in the community and good
community participation is an essential component
in the successful prevention of blindness
program.
3. Primary eye care is the primary health care
approach to the prevention of blindness.
4. Essential components of primary eye care
• Promotive
• Preventive
• Curative
• Rehabilitative
5. (1) Promotive eye care
• 1.Creating and awareness of the blinding diseases existing in the
community and the ways of preventing or curing it. Eg
face washing
Improved sanitation
Good nutrition
Safe water
• 2.How to use the available recourses to
overcome the problems.
6. (2) Preventive eye care
Motivation of individuals and their communities to participate in
blindness prevention activities.
Social and community development that promotes
health
Change of behavior and environment
7. Examples of preventive activities
• Provision of adequate safe water.
• construction and use of latrines refuse pits
• maintenance of environmental hygiene.
• Consumption of food rich in vitamin A.
• Care for individuals at risk.
8. Examples of preventive activities
• Prevention of measles, malnutrition and diarrhea in children
• Protection of eyes against injuries.
• Immunization (E.g. Measles)
• Screening of antenatal mothers for sexually transmitted diseases.
• Family planning
9. Curative activities
• 1. To carry out treatment procedures for simple common diseases
that lead to blindness or impaired vision if not treated e.g. corneal
ulcers, refractive errors etc.
• 2. First aid treatment for eye injuries.
• 3.Timely referral to secondary level.
10. Curative activities
• 4.Identification of potentially blinding disease conditions for proper
management
• 5.Identification of curable blinding diseases e.g.cataract and referral
for treatment
11. Rehabilitative activities
• Target group- Incurably blind people
• What can the primary eye care workers do to them ?
They should be assured that they are not completely useless
12. Rehabilitative activities
Some carefully selected appropriate training should be given to them
to acquire some skills
Make them functional and do not allow to depend on the others
totally.
13. Development of primary eye care program
A good primary Eye care Program will depend on
• existing health care services and availability of
• trained health care workers (Manpower)
• Political and professional motivation
14. Resources for training, to conduct programs
and to monitor it.
• Supplies for primary eye care workers.
• Funding for capital and recurrent expenditure.
• Close liaison with secondary and tertiary centers
• Careful Planning and evaluation
15. Basic equipment essential for PEC program
• Snellens chart and pinhole
• Hand magnifying lens
• Good source of light (Torch with batteries)
• Eye dressings
• Teaching materials
16. Different Types of Primary Eye care Programs
that can be used in the community
Depend on the need of the local community and available resources
• 1. Need assessment Programs
• 2. Screening for blinding diseases
• 3. Comprehensive care Eye camps
• 4. Out reach Surgical Camps
• 5. Health Education Programs
17. Sustainability of the PEC programs
Depend on the following areas
• Technical sustainability - Training of technical staff
• Financial sustainability - Continuous allocation of funds necessary
• Operational sustainability - Monitoring of the activities regularly.
19. Elements that improve health promotion.
• Healthy public policy
• Personnel skills development
• Community participation
• Healthy and supportive environment
• Re-organization of health services
• Community participation is a major emphasis in eye health promotion.
20. • The promotion of eye health and to reduce the risk of blindness
though community ophthalmology needs good community
participation
21. Community participation is influenced by
• Community beliefs and perceptions
• Motivation of people in the community
• Awareness of the problems related to blindness
22. Community participation can be improved by
• Encouraging the people with early symptoms
Encourage families to attend to available health
services
• By creating and awareness through health
education programs
• - Mass media programs
23. Community participation can be improved by
• Through volunteers or community health workers by small group
discussions
• Through community leaders
• Self help groups
• Improving education of children through
schools
24. Community participation enhances eye health
• By attending to the community health programs for
early detection
• By following treatment procedures until full
recovery
• By adopting changes in life style that encourages
eye health
25. Community participation enhances eye health
• By improving the living environment in the communities to reduce
the risk of transmission of eye diseases
• By creating a community demand by the people of the community to
develop infra structure facilities by policy makers that improves
eye care services.
26. • There is a high demand for a community based approach in the
prevention of blindness. That needs proper community participation.
