The document provides information about an upcoming course on NAFTA and USMCA and their influence on Mexico's economy and industry. The objective of the project team is to identify economic, political, industrial, and social problems caused by NAFTA and determine if USMCA is a better agreement for Mexico. They will document and disseminate relevant information using communication technologies like their blog. The research question is how NAFTA affected Mexico and what implications the USMCA trade deal has for improving Mexico's economy and industry.
Interesting perspective from a Mexican LSP point of view on why/how manufacturing companies domiciled in the US and Canada are expanding their footprint into Mexico
How nafta has helped american manufacturingNovaLink
If you have enjoyed prosperity with competitive goods from your business, and care about the future of American manufacturing, you should be supporting NAFTA.
Interesting perspective from a Mexican LSP point of view on why/how manufacturing companies domiciled in the US and Canada are expanding their footprint into Mexico
How nafta has helped american manufacturingNovaLink
If you have enjoyed prosperity with competitive goods from your business, and care about the future of American manufacturing, you should be supporting NAFTA.
TPP - Secret Surrender of Sovereignty - tna - 11-19-12miscott57
Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, which subordinate American law to international tribunals, are being conducted in secret — for U.S. citizens and politicians, not corporations.
Module 3 online lectures ( https://myclasses.argosy.edu/d2l/le/content/17886/viewContent/740034/View)
Regional Economic Integration (1 of 6)
Graphic depicting levels of regional economic integration.
What is Regional Economic Integration?
Regional economic integration refers to agreements between countries — usually in the same geographic region — to reduce and ultimately remove economic barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and production elements. Applying the theory of comparative advantage, member nations can expect substantial gains from regional trade agreements.
The five levels of regional economic integration are:
Free trade areas
Customs unions
Common markets
Economic unions
Political unions
We’ll explore each of these types of trade agreements in greater detail.
Regional Economic Integration (2 of 6)
Free Trade Areas
A free trade area eliminates barriers to the trade of goods and services among member nations. In theory the governments of member nations do not permit discriminatory tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or administrative impediments to distort trade among the member nations. However, each country can determine its own trade policies with reference to nonmembers.
Of the several free trade agreements, the most notable is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This is a regional agreement between the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States, and the government of the United States of America to implement a free trade area.
Regional Economic Integration (4 of 6)
Click here to visit the European Union (EU) Web site.
Common Markets
Another example of regional economic integration, common markets serve to:
Eliminate trade barriers between member nations
Adopt common external policies
Enable factors of production to move freely among member nations
Common markets usually do not place any restrictions on immigration, emigration, or cross-border flows of capital. Thus, labor and capital move freely within the common markets, unlike in the customs market model. Currently, the European Union (EU) is a common market although its goal is to become a full economic union.
The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1991, advanced the goals of the EU by outlining steps for economic union and partial political union. Additionally, the treaty provided a framework for a common foreign policy, an economic policy, a defense policy, citizenship, and currency.
The common currency eliminates exchange costs and reduces risk, making EU organizations more efficient than they were before the formation of the EU. By adopting the Euro, the EU has created the second largest currency zone in the world — second only to the U.S. dollar.
If the EU is successful in establishing a common market and currency among all its members, member nations can expect positive results from the free flow of trade and investment.
Competition among European organizations may also in ...
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista, Nafta Renegotiation, NAFTA at 15, UAM Economics ...guest9057bc
“Regional Economic Growth in North America: the Effects of the Renegotiation of the NAFTA Agreement”.
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at
Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
Visiting Research Fellow ,
Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD.
adiazbau@hotmail.com
March 13, 2009, 11:15 - 11:45.
Conference at
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City.
Careers in PsychologyPSY215 Version 4October 9, 2017U.docxwendolynhalbert
Careers in Psychology
PSY/215 Version 4
October 9, 2017
University of Phoenix Material
Interview Preparation Worksheet
Resource: Ch. 12 Careers in psychology: Opportunities in a changing world
Provide a brief summary for each question. The word count for individual answers may vary, but your responses should total 800 – 1000 words for the entire worksheet.
1. Tell me about yourself.
2. What can a psychology major do for this organization?
3. Why do you feel that you will be successful in this position?
4. What motivates you?
5. If I were to ask one of your professors to describe you, what would he or she say?
6. Have you ever had a conflict with a boss or professor? How did you resolve it?
7. Why do you want to join our organization?
8. Do you have any actual work experience in this area? How does your background make you a fit for this job?
9. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
10. Are you a team player? Would those who have worked with you agree? Explain.
Latin America
73www.euromoney.com November 2015
Latin America’s economies are suffering a rapid
and severe shift in their terms of trade. The
development of free trade areas may provide a
way forward and global initiatives, such as the
Trans Pacific Partnership, could transform the
region’s future
TPP to the rescue
I
n late September Daniel Tenengau-
zer, RBC’s head of emerging market
and global FX strategy, was taking a
step back to explain to Euromoney
why he believed the widening spreads
of emerging market credit default swaps,
which had risen close to their post-crisis
highs, would keep going higher. “The key
question is, are we at the top of the range we
have had for the past three years or are we
going to break through? And my opinion is
that we are at the bottom of a new range,”
he explains.
Tenengauzer outlined three reasons for his
hypothesis, and they were all related to physi-
cal, real-economy factors. First, the decline of
economic growth in Europe – important for
trade because the European economy is more
integrated into global trade flows than the
US. The second was China’s slowdown and
the drag that is having on commodity prices.
“And last but not least – and one that won’t
be resolved in the near term – is a lack of new
trade agreements,” he argued. “We shouldn’t
forget that the [commodity] super cycle began
around 2001 after China officially joined the
WTO (World Trade Organization). Prior to
that we had Mexico joining Nafta and so
these major global agreements of the 1990s
and early 2000s were the backdrop to the
super cycle.”
The data support Tenengauzer’s argument.
Global trade has been sluggish in recent years
and unlike previous economic recoveries.
Global trade is falling in dollar terms and is
also weak in volume terms. Economists now
worry that recent EM weakness will affect
developed markets (DMs) through trade and
financial channels, through weak manuf ...
Canada's involvement in trans-pacific trade partnershipnikita kozlov
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Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
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Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, which subordinate American law to international tribunals, are being conducted in secret — for U.S. citizens and politicians, not corporations.
Module 3 online lectures ( https://myclasses.argosy.edu/d2l/le/content/17886/viewContent/740034/View)
Regional Economic Integration (1 of 6)
Graphic depicting levels of regional economic integration.
What is Regional Economic Integration?
Regional economic integration refers to agreements between countries — usually in the same geographic region — to reduce and ultimately remove economic barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and production elements. Applying the theory of comparative advantage, member nations can expect substantial gains from regional trade agreements.
The five levels of regional economic integration are:
Free trade areas
Customs unions
Common markets
Economic unions
Political unions
We’ll explore each of these types of trade agreements in greater detail.
Regional Economic Integration (2 of 6)
Free Trade Areas
A free trade area eliminates barriers to the trade of goods and services among member nations. In theory the governments of member nations do not permit discriminatory tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or administrative impediments to distort trade among the member nations. However, each country can determine its own trade policies with reference to nonmembers.
Of the several free trade agreements, the most notable is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This is a regional agreement between the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States, and the government of the United States of America to implement a free trade area.
Regional Economic Integration (4 of 6)
Click here to visit the European Union (EU) Web site.
Common Markets
Another example of regional economic integration, common markets serve to:
Eliminate trade barriers between member nations
Adopt common external policies
Enable factors of production to move freely among member nations
Common markets usually do not place any restrictions on immigration, emigration, or cross-border flows of capital. Thus, labor and capital move freely within the common markets, unlike in the customs market model. Currently, the European Union (EU) is a common market although its goal is to become a full economic union.
The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1991, advanced the goals of the EU by outlining steps for economic union and partial political union. Additionally, the treaty provided a framework for a common foreign policy, an economic policy, a defense policy, citizenship, and currency.
The common currency eliminates exchange costs and reduces risk, making EU organizations more efficient than they were before the formation of the EU. By adopting the Euro, the EU has created the second largest currency zone in the world — second only to the U.S. dollar.
If the EU is successful in establishing a common market and currency among all its members, member nations can expect positive results from the free flow of trade and investment.
Competition among European organizations may also in ...
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista, Nafta Renegotiation, NAFTA at 15, UAM Economics ...guest9057bc
“Regional Economic Growth in North America: the Effects of the Renegotiation of the NAFTA Agreement”.
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at
Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
Visiting Research Fellow ,
Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD.
adiazbau@hotmail.com
March 13, 2009, 11:15 - 11:45.
Conference at
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City.
Careers in PsychologyPSY215 Version 4October 9, 2017U.docxwendolynhalbert
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PSY/215 Version 4
October 9, 2017
University of Phoenix Material
Interview Preparation Worksheet
Resource: Ch. 12 Careers in psychology: Opportunities in a changing world
Provide a brief summary for each question. The word count for individual answers may vary, but your responses should total 800 – 1000 words for the entire worksheet.
1. Tell me about yourself.
2. What can a psychology major do for this organization?
3. Why do you feel that you will be successful in this position?
4. What motivates you?
5. If I were to ask one of your professors to describe you, what would he or she say?
6. Have you ever had a conflict with a boss or professor? How did you resolve it?
7. Why do you want to join our organization?
8. Do you have any actual work experience in this area? How does your background make you a fit for this job?
9. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
10. Are you a team player? Would those who have worked with you agree? Explain.
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73www.euromoney.com November 2015
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and severe shift in their terms of trade. The
development of free trade areas may provide a
way forward and global initiatives, such as the
Trans Pacific Partnership, could transform the
region’s future
TPP to the rescue
I
n late September Daniel Tenengau-
zer, RBC’s head of emerging market
and global FX strategy, was taking a
step back to explain to Euromoney
why he believed the widening spreads
of emerging market credit default swaps,
which had risen close to their post-crisis
highs, would keep going higher. “The key
question is, are we at the top of the range we
have had for the past three years or are we
going to break through? And my opinion is
that we are at the bottom of a new range,”
he explains.
Tenengauzer outlined three reasons for his
hypothesis, and they were all related to physi-
cal, real-economy factors. First, the decline of
economic growth in Europe – important for
trade because the European economy is more
integrated into global trade flows than the
US. The second was China’s slowdown and
the drag that is having on commodity prices.
“And last but not least – and one that won’t
be resolved in the near term – is a lack of new
trade agreements,” he argued. “We shouldn’t
forget that the [commodity] super cycle began
around 2001 after China officially joined the
WTO (World Trade Organization). Prior to
that we had Mexico joining Nafta and so
these major global agreements of the 1990s
and early 2000s were the backdrop to the
super cycle.”
The data support Tenengauzer’s argument.
Global trade has been sluggish in recent years
and unlike previous economic recoveries.
Global trade is falling in dollar terms and is
also weak in volume terms. Economists now
worry that recent EM weakness will affect
developed markets (DMs) through trade and
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1Final project of nafta - The Dictators - tic
1. 1
NAME OF COURSE: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
DELIVERY DATE:MONDAY 3RD
OF DECEMBER, 2018
Let us talk about NAFTA and USMCA influence on
México´s Economy and Industry
NAME OF PROFESSOR: JESÚS DARÍO HERMOSILLO AGUIRRE
TEAM´S NAME: “THE DICTATORS”
WEB SITE NAME: “THE DICTATORS OF NAFTA”
IDS AND NAMES OF TEAM MEMBERS:
162701: MÓNICA PAOLA GARCÍA ESPINOSA
163157: ALEJANDRA PAULINA TLAPANCO BELTRÁN
162531: ALEJANDRO OSORIO RÍOS
153513: JOSÉ EDUARDO PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ
151035: ESTEBAN ALEXANDRO GARCÍA
UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS AMÉRICAS PUEBLA
2. 2
OBJECTIVE AND RESEARCH QUESTION
What is our project´s main objective?
Our objective as a team is divided into two main goals:
I. With the use of Information Technologies, we intend to identify the
economic, political, industrial, and social problems that influence NAFTA
(The North American Free Trade Agreement). NAFTA has had many
changes for Mexico these past years. In order, determine whether the
USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Text) is a better trade
deal agreement for the Mexican political state, compared to the previous
agreement.
II. On the other hand, through the use of Communication Technologies, we
want to document and disseminate the relevant information of this
problem through the use of the technologies we have in hand, especially
the one we have used to carry out our project; Blogger.
Statement of our topic:
To start understanding the problems and disadvantages that NAFTA has brought to
the Mexican political state, we must first start by contextualizing the impact of the
trade between the United States and México. While the North American Free Trade
Agreement has done good things for the economy of the three countries: United
States, Mexico and Canada. It has also brought a negative impact to the member
countries regarding the working sector. Especially for Mexican and American
workers. It has also caused a negative effect on México´s environment and natural
resources. Since labor is cheaper in Mexico, industries from all over the world
removed their production from the United States, as it implies a higher cost in
manufacturing. These industries included textiles, motor vehicles, and electrical
appliances. Another sector that has been damaged by NAFTA, was Mexico´s
3. 3
agribusiness. As many small rural Mexican farms were out of business because they
couldn´t compete with the highly subsidized American farmers that exported corn
and other crops to Mexico below cost.
Research Question:
¿How NAFTA affected Mexico and what the USMCA trade deal implies for the
improvement of Mexico´s economy and industry?
IMPORTANCE OF OUR TOPIC: NAFTA AND USMCA
INFLUENCE IN MEXICO
We want the reader to understand the huge importance that the new trade
agreement, already signed by the presidents of the respective member countries, has
on our country. It is not just a matter of changing the market, but the whole
economic, political and social sphere of the three participating nations. There are
significant impacts that the new USMCA will bring. The most significant ones are
related to the automobile, textile and agricultural sectors. The non-tariff barriers
impacts will be reduced by implementingtransparency in imports and exports. What
is the relevance that this new agreement has on the digital sector? In the matter that
we as a team have been in contact with since the beginning of the semester? We are
talking about the “information and communication technologies”. Why it is
important for the digital sector to know the benefits of USMCA on, for example,
intellectual property, copyright, and the ethical privacy issues in the use of
information? That is to say, the protection of content that has been put online.1
1
Corong, Erwin, Thomas Hertel, Robert McDougall, Marinos Tsigas and Dominique van der
Mensbrugghe (2017). “The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7.” Journal of Global Economic
Analysis, 2(1):1-119. Peer-revised from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/JGEA.020101AF.
4. 4
Another point of importance and the reason why we chose to carry out this topic was
the belief that, in order to reach multilateral liberalization and an open market
system between countries, these must unite and should create this type of
agreements, which can serve as a building block towards this market openness. This
can translate to benefits for all the member countries in equal parts, or at least, that
is the goal.
We believe that the debate must continue and rethink whereas regional integration
is better than multilateral trade liberalization. With the USMCA, we believe a higher
liberalization for all the three countries will gain, as every country will have, in
theory, a direct benefit from another country´s benefit.
Action had to be done, as NAFTA demonstrated a lack of effectivity and, above
all, failures in the search of the dignity of the person. One serious problem NAFTA
had, especially for Mexican workers, was the exploitation of Maquiladora workers. A
Maquiladora is a place where the United States companies employ Mexican workers
near the border. Workers assemble products to export back into the United States.
With NAFTA, the Maquiladora program was expanded by the removal of tariffs. But
conditions for workers are not exactly the best they can be, as the workdays stretch
out to 12 hours or even more, and according to Continental Social Alliance, workers
lack of fundamental labor rights and health protection.2
The importance of the USMCA falls on the fact that the trade deficit between
Mexico, Canada and the United States, and all the irregularities of the previous
agreement must be suppressed or at least diminished. The new deal changes NAFTA
in many areas, one of them, and maybe the one with the highest importance, is the
automobile sector. Auto companies must manufacture at least 75 percent of the
2 Valente, M. (2001) “The Lessons of NAFTA” Inter Press Service, Rome
Originally Published in Spain. Worldpress. Retrieved from www.worldpress.org
5. 5
components of the cars within the USMCA´s trade zone, which can only mean that
the countries will gain much more. This economic betterment seems good, but let
us not forget about the most important factor: the dignity of the person and his and
her environment. NAFTA really hurt Mexico´s environment because of the
competitive pressure that NAFTA required. Mexican farmers started using more
fertilizers and other chemicals, which caused a lot of pollution, approximately $36
billion per year where lost because of this.3
This only had a bad effect resulting on
the translation of farmers to marginal land, leaving the camp uninhabited, and
furthermore, resulting in deforestation.
We must speak in terms of equality in conditions for all three of the member
countries with this new deal, that is the goal we must aspire for. This 30th
of
September represented a huge claim of what must be primordial for all of the three
countries. We have seen the faults of the previous deal and the governments are
more aware of what must be spared and what needs to be done, in order to avoid the
same mistakes produced by a lack of effectivity in the deal.4
USMCA is meant to take
a huge part of Mexico´s economy, we can hear this with President Enrique Peña Nieto,
in one of the last interviews with media and in front of Donald Trump, explained
that: “There are differences that we have, but in commerce, we’ve found a point of
agreement.5
In conclusion, the relevance of this topic and the reasons why we chose it were, first,
the relevance that these deals have for Mexico in direct and indirect terms. All our
3 Walmsley,Terrie and Peter Minor(2017).“Reversing NAFTA: A Supply Chain Perspective”
Working Paper, ImpactECON, March. https://impactecon.com/resources/reversing-nafta/,
accessed 24-Oct-2018.
4
Burfisher, Mary, E., Sherman Robinson, and Karen Thierfelder. (2011). "The Impact of
NAFTA on the United States." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (1): 125-144.
5 Edwards, K. (2018). “In Mexico, the USMCA means life goes on”. MacLeans.
https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/in-mexico-the-usmca-means-life-goes-on/.
6. 6
careers, international relations, law and anthropology go hand in hand with the
theme, and this was the point of conjunction between our interests. We believe that
with the use of ICT´s the information relevant to this topic can be spread as quick as
the blink of an eye, but that could also be a double-edged weapon for people that do
not comprehend the topic and start spreading fake news. With this project, we intend
to announce only true data, intercalated with some of our personal opinions. We
believe of high importance to be truthful and stay neutral and objective in this kind
of topics, in order to disseminate only the veridic information and not just
subjectivities. Also, one of our priorities will be to watch the copyright licenses in
order to not break any ethical or legal rule. We hope that the reader finds this essay
useful and especially inducing to keep on learning.
KEYWORDS AND EXPLANATION
NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement.
This term is important because it was the first name given to the agreement
between United States, Mexico and Canada, signed in 1994.
USMCA- United States, Mexico and Canada Agreement.
The new name given to the negotiation.
Mexico.
7. 7
Even though there are other 2 members in the agreement, the research is focused
on Mexico, considering that our country, is probably, the “loser” in this negotiation
because of all the restrictions imposed by the United Stated, who is considered the
winner.
Affectations- repercussions.
In the research, we will emphasize about the repercussions that the NAFTA had for
Mexico, but at the same time, the new implications with the USMCA.
Improvement- economic and social development.
Economy- market, resources.
Industry- Related concepts: industry of construction/manufacturing.
5 BOOLEAN EVIDENCES
10. 10
OUR SEARCH STRATEGY
The main advantage of our research strategy is that it helps us to reach the
information source that we need in a faster way. The search strategies that we used
during our research reduced the amount of options to check, whether they were by
year or keywords. On the other hand, the reduction of source can lead us to only one
option that, even though it contains the keywords, is not necessarily related to the
context of the information we are looking for. Also, there are some sources that are
not so vast, and the search strategy may eliminate all the possible options, even if
there are sources without the key words that may solve our research question. We
believe there are more advantages in the search strategies that we used such as the
“Booleans” from the Library of UDLAP, because they simplify our search by
adjusting the system to our preferences and by looking for what we are aiming for.
On the other hand, it can be a disadvantage when the person searching for a specific
content does not know how to do an effective use of this search strategies, because
instead of simplifying the search, it complicates things. Also, a search strategy, when
one does not know how to make good use of it, it can lead to simplifying a lot and
leaving good options out of the marge. We believe that, in order to do an excellent
11. 11
search strategy, the person using these tools must know the way that they operate, in
order to have the best possible results.
EVALUATION OF SOURCES
Explanation of the CRAAP initials:
C: Currency
R: Reliability
A: Authority
A: Accuracy
P: Purpose
Source #1, taken from a printed book:
Estevadeoral, A., & Suominen. (2008). Gatekeepers of Global Commerce: Rules of Origin
and International Economic Integration. New York: Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank.
Summary:
The book explains the importance of the rules that are crucial in the negotiations
and help the spread of network and agreements around the world. The authors also
talk about the protectionist impulses behind these rules and mention the impacts on
the international trade and investment.
C The book is from 2008, despite is not so recent, it explains the situation of
NAFTA that was discussed previous to the creation of the new USMCA.
R The Author provides references for his data that explains with tables and
graphics and are useful to compare the panorama of each country of NAFTA, this
information answers the first part of the research question.
A There are two authors, the major author is Estevadeoral who has a Ph.D. in
Economics from Harvard University, a B.A. in Economics from the University of
Barcelona and is the Manager of the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-
American Development Bank (IDB).
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A The article was published by the Inter-American Development Bank, a reliable
source and the information doesn´t have spelling or grammar mistakes.
P The book shows an objective explanation of the integration of Mexico, Canada
and U.S.A into the global economy with the NAFTA as well as its obstacles, so the
purpose is clear and useful for the research.
Another source taken from a printed book:
Salinas, Carlos. (2017). Aliados y adversarios TLCAN 1988-2017. México: DEBATE.
Summary:
The book explains the evolution of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and
the most interesting thing is that all is from the perspective of the Mexican president
who first negotiated and opened the doors for Mexico to participate in the
international commerce.
C The book is from one year ago and it covers all the evolution of the NAFTA,
from its implementation to the revaluation by president Trump. It helps to explain
why it is necessary to reorganize a new trade deal based on the recent markets and
economics changes around the globe.
R It contains facts about the NAFTA all the modifications, how it works and how
are involved on it. Can be consider as a primary source because it is written by Carlos
Salinas de Gortari, the Mexican president that signed the NAFTA on the first place
and was involved in his creation. All the information is backup with references,
especially the number data.
A It is written by Carlos Salinas de Gortari, the Mexican president that signed the
NAFTA. He graduated from Economy on UNAM, he earned a master’s degree in
Public Administrationfrom Harvard University and a Ph.D. from Harvard’s Kennedy
School of Government.
A The book is perfectly writen, the ideas are clear and objective.
P It has opinions of Carlos Salinas that express his point of view about the NAFTA
but are less than the facts an objective data presented on the book.
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Source #2, taken from an eBook:
Finbow, R. (2018). The Limits of Regionalism NAFTA's Labour Accord. Canada: Routledge.
Summary:
C The book is Recent and shows a more actual panorama, this help us to answer
the second part of the Research Question about how the USMCA is better than the
NAFTA on empowering the Mexican industry.
R The author provides references for the labour conditions in Mexico, Canada
and U.S.A they are explained with graphics that show the source of it.
A The Author is Robert G. Finbow, who is a Professor of Political Science in
Dalhousie University, Canada. He has a Ph.D. and MSc. from London School of
Economics, a B.A. Hon, from Dalhousie University and a M.A. from York
University.
A The information in the eBook is well written, without spelling or grammar
mistakes. Also, the information comes from a reliable site.
P The book shows no biased, it has objective facts and the Author dose not
present a opinion the favorite any government, country or organization.
Source #3, taken from peer-revised article:
Corong, Erwin, Thomas Hertel, Robert McDougall, Marinos Tsigas and Dominique van der
Mensbrugghe (2017). “The Standard GTAP Model, Version 7.” Journal of Global Economic
Analysis, 2(1):1-119. Peer-revised from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/JGEA.020101AF.
Summary:
This peer-revised article exposes the statistics of how global economy is being
affected by trade between countries, specifically explained with a GTAP Model, a
modelin which the global economiesare being analyzed by their trade relationships,
14. 14
the efficiency of these trades, and how international markets get benefits from them,
or if in any way, they are being injured rather than benefited.
C The information extracted from this journal article, “the Journal of Global
Economic Analysis”, was published in 2017, so we can affirm that it is a current
journal article. The website in which the journal article was published has not
presented any modification ever since. Moreover, we can sustain that it is a current
topic to our project, because it explains the GTAP Model, which is defined as the
Global Trade Analysis Project, that checks-out the efficiency of diverse trade
agreements and their impact on the international markets.
R The kind of information included in the resource is primarily objective content,
it gives us neutral information without any kind of subjective judgement. Moreover,
there are plenty of quotations and data extracted from other articles and journals.
A Theauthors of the journal article are: Erwin Corong, Thomas Hertel and Robert
McDougall. The sponsor of the article is the Center for Global Trade Analysis,
Department of Agricultural Economics of Purdue University. This University located
in Indiana is reputable. The authors have interest in this information as they
specialize in the sector of global trade.
A The accuracy is reputable as the information comes from the University of
Purdue. The information is supported by evidence, and the reader can easily verify
the information in other sources, finally, the tone of the whole journal article seems
totally free of emotion.
P This journal article is written with objective facts and just the conclusion has
some opinions of the authors, so we can affirm that it is biased. The creators of the
journal article are not expecting to receive money back for their work as it is fully
published in internet, in the form of a PDF.
Source #4, taken from a journal article in English:
15. 15
Burfisher, Mary, E., Sherman Robinson, and Karen Thierfelder. 2011. "The Impact of
NAFTA on the United States." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (1): 125-144.
Summary:
This journal article in English exposes the impacts that NAFTA has had on the
United States, and, also, on Mexico. It mainly explains that the United States has have
many drawbacks when it comes to employment because of NAFTA, as this trade deal
has left many American workers without work, and the principal reason for this, is
that companies started hiring cheaper labor hand, mainly from Mexican workers.
The companies got plenty of benefit from these actions, so the harmed people were
at the end, the American workers, and the people treated with an unjust deal were
the Mexican ones, as they were not being fairly-paid.
C The information is dated in 2001 and it was modified in 2011, so we can
assume that it is actual and relatable information, and it is current for out topic
indeed.
R The kind of information included in the resource is objective with some
opinions, but they are small. The authors present us with many references to
statistics, which give relevance to the journal article.
A The authors of the journal article are specified in the beginning and in the
end, these are Burfisher, Mary, E., Sherman Robinson, and Karen Thierfelder, and
they are qualified to talk about this topic. The publishers want to expose the
information they have found and they to this through a journal article that
combines both raw information and some opinions of the authors.
A The information comes from a well written journal from the American
Economic Association. The information is supported by evidence, especially with
statistics. If the reader searches for it, he or she can find the information given in
the article in other sources. Lastly, the tone seems to be objective with just some
hints of subjective opinion.
16. 16
P Most of it is fact, but it also has some opinion, especially in the conclusion. But
the facts exceed opinions.
Source #5, taken from a journal article in Spanish:
Ruiz, C. (2015). Reestructuración productiva e integración del TLCAN 20 años después.
Problemas del Desarrollo, https://doi-org.udlap.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/S0301-7036(15)72118-
8.
Summary:
The article analyzes the expectations and the reality that the TLCAN has meant for
Mexico, in comparison to the other members of the agreement.
C The article was published on 2015, so is current and very useful for the research.
R The article is objectiveand clear, gives us useful informationabout the progress
of the NAFTA.
A The Author is Clemente Ruiz, professor of economics in the UNAM, one of the
most public universities in Mexico, and the author has worked with other colleges
around the world such as University of Bocconi in Italia, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, etc.
A The article doesn´t have spelling mistakes, so the information is clear and
reliable.
P The source is useful because analyzes the effects of the agreement during the
last 20 years, so it helps us to answer the first part of our research questions, about
the implications of the NAFTA for Mexico in the past (before being renegotiated and
called USMCA).
Source #6, taken from a newspaper article:
17. 17
Long, H. (2018). Winners and losers of the USMCA trade deal. The Washington Post.
Retrieved from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/10/01/winners-losers-
usmca-trade-deal/?utm_term=.a92003eea98d.
Summary:
Only one month after signing the agreement, the repercussions are explained by
Heather Long in this article, also it reveals who are the winners and losers, those who
will be benefitedand those who have more barriers talking about international trade.
C The article was published a month ago, just a few days after the officialsigning
of the agreement between the countries involved, so, this means that the information
is pretty current and useful.
R The information is relevant because answers the second part of the research
question, the implications for Mexico´s economy, international trade and industry.
A The author is Heather Long, the economics correspondent of the Newspaper:
“The Washington Post”, who has also worked for CNN as an economics reporter and
for the Patriots-news as a columnist and editor. She has a BA in economics and
English at the Wellesley College, and a master´s in financial economics and medieval
literature at Oxford University.
A The information presented in the article is accurate because its perfectly
written, clear and without spelling errors. There are no fallacies or contradictions.
The author presented an objective point of view, based on real facts and proper
information.
P The purpose of the article is clear, because the author pretends to explain the
pros and cons that the members of the new agreement are going to live.
Source #7, taken from a Thesis:
Institutional Arrangements that Affect Free Trade Agreements: Economic
Rationality Versus Interest Groups. (2006). Retrieved
from https://udlap.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?di
rect=true&db=edsnar&AN=edsnar.oai.repub.eur.nl.7578&lang=es&site=eds-live
18. 18
C- It is not as current, but it is the only thesis available relating to the topic at-
hand.
R- It is relevant to our topic because it talks about the economic scope of NAFTA.
A- The author is María Pilar Londoño of the Erasmus Research Institute of
Management, a prominent scholar of this topic.
A- It comes from a doctoral thesis published and edited by Erasmus University
Rotterdam.
P- This information exists in order to provide an academic perspective to this topic,
backed by academic facts.
Source #8, taken from a conference/working paper
Distinguished Panel: Face off or Fresh Start? International Trade in Times of Turmoil.
(2018). Canada-United States Law Journal, 42, 62–116. Retrieved
from https://udlap.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=lgs&AN=131215306&lang=es&site=eds-live
C – It is a current conference from 2018.
R - It is relevant because it mostly focuses on the economic repercussions of
Canada, USA, and Mexico.
A -Terrence P. Stewart, John M. Weekes, and Alan Wm. Wolff all speak on
this topic, they are well known legal scholars with a genuine interest on this
topic.
A - It is a conference that is based on the personal opinions of each of the
tree legal scholars, however all their opinions are based on facts of the
current issues with NAFTA.
P - The purpose of the following conference is to create a dialogue between
the public and these three legal scholars in order to make sure that NAFTA
and the future holds a great result for the economic prosperity of Canada,
USA, and Mexico.
Source #9, taken from a Website:
19. 19
Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2018). “United States-Mexico-
Canada Agreement” Retrieved from: https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-
agreements/united-states-mexico-canada-agreement.
C – The information is recent and updated, its talks about the agreement in which
the United Stated has involved, under the leadership of the president Donald Trump.
R – The information is relevant because the main highlights of the agreement are
presented, and having that info help us to answer the first part or our research
question, what was NAFTA about and how it affected Mexico.
A – The author is the office of the United States trade, this means that the
information is constantly updated and is reliable considering that the information is
written and analyzed by experts.
A – The source is reliable, and the most important thing is that the information is
well written and objective, the experts do not give their opinions about the
agreement, but they analyze and talk about what is stated in the document.
P – Thepurpose of the informationis to explain, in general terms, what's the USMCA
about, mentioning the most important points of this new agreement.
Source #10, taken from a video
Financial Post. (2018) ¿Is the USMCA a good deal? Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOPY129V_ng.
C The video was post a month ago, so is current and useful.
R In the video, the senior reporter of the national post, Tom Blackwell, shares his
perspective about the future of the new agreement, the USMCA, and its implications
for the 3 nations involved.
A The video was shared through YouTube, by Financial Post
20. 20
A Since this is not a text, it doesn´t apply, but we can say that the video is formal
and accurate.
P The video is clear. the purpose is to explain and analyze if the new agreement
is a good one according to all the changes and implications it has in the three
member countries.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATFORM WE USED: Why our platform
was appropriate for the intended audience?
(Blogger)
Between all the options, we chose for our project: Blogger. First, we did so because it
was free and quickly to star work with. Some of its advantages are the friendly
appearance for the user, that means that is easy to travel through the site, so anybody
can use it. Blogger allows us to have the same blog with multiple editors, so all the
members of the team can be working on the blog at the same time. Along with a
text, we could add images or videos that can be arrange in different ways, and that’s
something we can’t do on twitter or Facebook.
Other aspect is that we could track the rates of users visiting our blog, so we could
see which posts where more popular and what kind of information about the NAFTA
the users wanted to know. People also interacted with us on the comments section
and it was more to share the link of our blog on social media.
Blogger may not be the fanciest tool to create a website, but certainly is easy and
quick to publish articles, images, and videos, in order to keep our users informed
about the current state of the agreement.
Blogger, in our opinion,is the most appropriate toolfor the audience we aimto reach
for, simply because it is the easiest and most practical way to read extensive
informationregarding the new trade agreement. Our intended audience was, mostly,
peopleinterested in the topic, but we also tried to make our website the most visually
21. 21
aesthetic possible in order to reach for a young audience and make the youth involve
in the topic, that´s why we posted a lot of videos and visual content, in order to attract
this sector of the population.
OUR EXPERIENCE DURING THE SEMESTER
(Conclusion)
During this semester, we worked with the theme of NAFTA and the various points
of view of the problem of the agreement with the three countries in
the commercial agreement. Also, we learnt how the ICT´s are very related with our
world and with the entire world in general, as it is a big system in which all of us fit
in. We are part of the system and the system is a part of us, and we need to know this
technology, as it is our most important tool in the actual world. We learnt that
technology is everywhere, and that its relations are infinite. In our experience,
we never imagined how ICT’s were so important to know in a deep way, not just for
easy and conventional searches, and all the benefits they can give to us. We learnt
the multipurpose uses of this ICT’s in our daily life. Moreover, we learnt the uses of
technology in the labor management of big companies, but also, in little parts of our
daily lives, and how all these relations with information and communication
technologies relate. At the end of the semester, we clearly realized how the ICT’s
could be applied in our class project and in our major because we knew the
implications of technology in the future of our globalized world and in the present
in which we are living. In terms of the team dynamic we believe that each of us
worked in a harmonic way, as every member of The Dictators collaborated in their
corresponding part. We united when something was not understood, and we always
22. 22
helped each other, we can only say that it was a good team effort, and that we found
good friends, too. Finally, we want to express that we are thankful for the tips and
tricks that the professor gave to us in terms of search, we could understand how to
do an efficient and serious search in UDLAP´s library, and in the whole internet too.
The thesaurus also played a big part of our searches, and in general, all the advices
to do a professional search for information will highly pay a relevant role in our
further career. We can only say that we have all the tools necessary to become
professional investigators.
REFERENCE LIST
(from Webpages)
Dhue, Stephanie (2018). “GOP lawmakers call for vote on Trump's trade deal
with Mexico and Canada before Democrats take over the House” CNBC.
Retrieved from: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/21/gop-lawmakers-call-for-
vote-on-usmca-before-democrats-take-the-house.html.
Morales, Roberto. (2018). ¿Cómo serán las nuevas reglas para autopartes en
el USMCA? El Economista. Retrieved from:
https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/Como-seran-las-nuevas-reglas-
para-autopartes-en-el-USMCA-20181020-0003.html.
Expansión. (2018) “Los cinco cambios del USMCA con respecto al TLCAN”.
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23UVZh2Gra0.
23. 23
Carmichael, Kevin. (2017) “So how do we feel now-was the USMCA deal a win
for Canada?" Financial Post. Retrieved from:
https://business.financialpost.com/news/economy/kevin-carmichael-so-how-
do-we-feel-now-was-the-usmca-deal-a-win-for-canada.
The associated press. (2018) “Jared Kushner to receive Mexico’s
highest honor for role in USMCA negotiations” Global news. Retrieved from:
https://globalnews.ca/news/4705446/jared-kushner-mexico-honour/.
McGregor, Janey. (2018) “With three days to go until signing ceremony,
USMCA text still not final” CBC newspaper. Retrieved from:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/usmca-signing-tuesday-1.4922396.
Canadian Press. (2018) “GM’s decision to cut jobs right after new NAFTA deal
infuriates Trump” Retrieved from:
https://edmontonsun.com/news/world/gms-decision-to-cut-jobs-right-after-
new-nafta-deal-infuriates-donald-trump/wcm/5f79c2b8-4377-4a93-a932-
301908855883.
Morales, Roberto. (2018). “¿Qué es USMCA?” El Economista. Retrieved
from: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/Que-es-el-USMCA-
20181001-0067.html.
Estrada, Esmeralda (2018). “México confirma que Enrique Peña firmará el
USMCA con EE. UU. y Canadá en la cumbre del G20” Notimérica. Retrieved
from: https://www.notimerica.com/economia/noticia-mexico-confirma-pena-
nieto-firmara-usmca-eeuu-canada-cumbre-g20-20181123232756.html
Whalen, Jeanne. (2018) “Trump’s USMCA delivers big wins to drug makers,
oil companies and tech firms” The Washington Post. Retrieved from:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trumps-usmca-delivers-
big-wins-to-drugmakers-oil-companies-and-tech-firms/2018/10/02/2d68ad10-
c66f-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html?utm_term=.ff8b39d4dc10.
Anupam, Chander. (2018) “The Coming North American Digital Trade
Zone" Council on Foreign relations. Retrieved from:
https://www.cfr.org/blog/coming-north-american-digital-trade-zone.
24. 24
MILENIO Digital. (2018).
“AMLO da su postura al acuerdo comercial USMCA” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7209ESyOSs.
Petras, George. (2018). “From NAFTA to USMCA: Key changes on trilateral
trade pact” USA Today. Retrieved from:
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/10/01/comparison-nafta-and-
usmca-trade-agreements/1487163002/.
Anderson, Bruce & Coletto, David. (2018). “Most Canadian would vote for
USMCA deal” Abacus data. Retrieved from: http://abacusdata.ca/most-
canadians-would-vote-for-the-usmca-deal/.
Saldaña, Ivette. (2018) “México pide a Canadá excluirlos del arancel al acero”
El Universal. Retrieved from:
https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cartera/negocios/mexico-pide-canada-
excluirlos-del-arancel-al-acero.
CNBC Video. (2018). “We can’t have NAFTA and tariffs, says Jim Cramer”
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YbwYZlR_1g.
The Globe and Mail. (2018). “New NAFTA - Justin Trudeau
and Chrystia Freeland comment on USMCA” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAo5qzCpB_g.
Global News. (2018). “Justin Trudeau reacts after Trump reportedly says
Canada-NAFTA negotiations 'totally on our terms” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z45FJq1_Ih0.
NBC. (2018). “Donald Trump ends NAFTA dispute with a new trade deal”
Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-
news/video/2018/oct/01/donald-trump-ends-bitter-dispute-with-a-wonderful-
new-trade-deal-video.
25. 25
Bown, Chad. (2018) “The 5 surprising things about the new USMCA
trade agreement” The Washington Post. Retrieved from:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/10/09/the-5-
surprising-things-about-the-new-usmca-trade-
agreement/?utm_term=.823bc6a20b88.
Jeremy Diamond, Kevin Liptak, Paula Newton, Donna
Borak. (2018) “Estados Unidos y Canadá llegan a un acuerdo sobre el
NAFTA” CNN Español. Retrieved from:
https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2018/09/30/estados-unidos-y-canada-llegan-a-un-
acuerdo-sobre-el-nafta/.
Agencia de noticias. (2018). “México bautiza como T-MEC
al tratado sucesor del Nafta” My Press: noticias y negocios. Retrieved from:
https://www.mypress.mx/negocios/mexico-bautiza-tmec-tratado-comercial-
nafta-3743.
Video Mclean´s (2017). “Know your
Nafta: Automovile manufacturing” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Z0BgQ7UHvk&t=1s
Video The John Birch Society (2017). “Renegotiation of NAFTA?” Retrieved
from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDc6wZG20ro&t=2s
Video Global News. (2018). “Trump rejected 1-on-1 meeting with Trudeau,
unhappy with NAFTA negotiations” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYmgmBU4Fq4&t=1s
26. 26
Video CBC News. (2018). “Trump slams Canada’s NAFTA
renegotiation” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90gCacISJVM&t=2s
Video CNN. (2018). “Trudeau: Canadians will not be pushed
around” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiVaZSi6MkM&t=1s
Video CBC News. (2018). “Another NAFTA deadline” Retrieved from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAIjEPsNSmo
Monroy, Jorge. (2018) “AMLO buscaría acuerdo con Canadá, si no hay
TLCAN” El economista. Retrieved from: https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/e
mpresas/AMLO-buscaria-acuerdo-con-Canada-si-no-hay-TLCAN-20180924-
0015.html.
Levy, Phil. (2018). “Canada NAFTA Impasse Is No Near Miss”. FORBES
Video “What global trade really are” TED X talks 17 may 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-v3uqD1hWGE&t=1s
Lambert, S., Bassel, M., & Friedman, H. (2018). Marketing Leadership in a
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