5. THEORY X
Introduced by Sigmund Freud
Characterizes employees as
given below:
Avoid Work
No ambition
No initiative
Do not take responsibility
Needs security
6. To make them work, the
management has to do the
following:
Reward
Coerce
Intimidate
Punish
This theory assumes that the
employees cannot be trusted
and the employees have to be
supervised all the time.
7. THEORY Y
Introduced by Douglas
McGregor
McGregor’s theory of people
are given below:
Want to learn
Work is a natural activity
Have self discipline
Develop themselves
8. These employees do not get
motivated as much by any
reward, but they seek
freedom to do difficult and
challenging jobs.
9. THEORY Z
Introduced by Abraham
Maslow
Maslow believes that good
qualities are inherent in people
Maslow believes that 5 basic
human needs motivate the
employees:
12. Management’s Role in
Enabling Teamwork
• Responsibility
• Authority
• Wherewithal for
accomplishing the task
• Criteria of measurement
of the work output
14. Communication is a Three
Way Process
• To one, employee is working
for-supervisors/managers
• To the person working for
him-subordinates/junior
employees
• To the persons one works
with, the peers, counterparts,
customers and suppliers
15. Thus, communication is a
three-way process and every
employee should communicate
effectively in all the three roles.
16. Necessity for
Communicating Upwards
Upward communication
means communicating with
seniors
The senior executives would
have assigned specific tasks
to their junior employees
17. Communication with Juniors
Every employee should
communicate with juniors
The senior has to communicate
with the junior patiently and in
detail
19. Management should Devise
Ways for Effective
Communications
Communication is a never-
ending process
The management should be
a catalyst for effective
communications across the
organization
21. Necessity for Orientation
Training
Employee needs to be
given orientation training to
carry out his tasks correctly,
on the first appointment,
before they are deployed for
actual work
22. The employee should be
assessed to see whether he
has the abilities to perform the
duties straightaway or is he
required to be put as an
apprentice under a mentor
23. Experienced Recruits Need
More Orientation
An experienced person will
definitely bring with him
different ideas and work
culture from the
organizations where he
served earlier
24. If the ideas are better than
the organization’s objectives
and work culture, then he
can become a role model in
the new organization.
25. Training is not a One-Time
Activity
Employees have to acquire
the skills needed for
designing, manufacturing,
delivering and servicing the
updated or new products or
services
31. Select a Few Best Performers
It is quite important that
awards are given to the real
achievers but it should not be
a routine affair
The attributes for selection
of best performing
employees are:
33. Reward Teams, rather than
Individuals
The organization should as far
as possible reward the teams
The organization should give
emphasis on recognizing the
teams as against the individuals,
so that there is a good harmony
in the organization
34. Type of Awards
The organization should select
the award appropriately
It could be appreciation in an
annual meeting, certificates,
souvenirs and cash awards
No matter what is the type of
award, the employees will
definitely be motivated
The organization should be
consistent in giving the awards
35. Enable happiness All
Around
The recognition and award
program should help the
organization to enable
happiness amongst all the
employees
37. Feedback Essential Both for
Employees and Management
Both the management and the
employees should look forward
to getting a feedback on the
action taken, the employees
from the management and vice
versa, in the interest of
improving quality continuously
38. Management should Seek
Feedback
It is the responsibility of the
management to seek
feedback
The management should
therefore adopt suitable
strategies to get the right
feedback from the
employees as well as
39. Feedback to the Employees
Every employee in the
organization should receive a
feedback on the quality of his
output
40. Giving Appropriate
Feedback
When a feedback is given, it
should be the most
appropriate
The feedback should never
be exaggerated or under
played, it should be a correct
feedback.
41. Timely Feedback
Feedback should never be
accumulated forever
The feedback, as and when
required, should be given at
the appropriate time
44. The performance of each
employee should be
reviewed on a quarterly
basis and the reports are
submitted to the
management.
Such reports should be used
by the management, for
various purposes as:
45. • Promotion
• Granting of additional
increments
• Training the employees
• Reallocation of duties
47. Means involvement of all the
employees for improvement
of processes on continual
basis
48. Steps Involved in
Empowering
• Agree on what they will
produce or carry out
• Decide how to organize the
team
• Decide on the responsibility
within the team
49. • Decide on flow of work
• Audit the process
• Decide on improvements
and restart
