EU-OSHA aims to promote a culture of risk prevention to improve working conditions in Europe. It conducts research on new and emerging risks, collects good practices, develops risk assessment tools, networks with stakeholders, and runs health and safety campaigns. While women are concentrated in sectors like health care, retail, and education, their jobs often involve physical and ergonomic stresses like heavy lifting, prolonged standing, and shift work. More attention is needed to address gendered risks, especially for vulnerable groups like older, young, migrant, and informal workers.
This document discusses gender issues related to occupational safety and health. It notes that while women are concentrated in sectors like health care, retail, and education, jobs in these fields often involve physical risks and hazards. For example, health care workers are more likely to carry heavy loads and work in uncomfortable positions than construction workers. The document also addresses challenges such as the high rates of informal and part-time work among women, which makes them more vulnerable to poor working conditions, as well as the difficulties faced by women who need to balance job and caregiving responsibilities. Overall, it argues more research and prevention efforts are still needed to properly address gender differences in occupational exposures and health and safety needs.
Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern. It’s good for you. It’s good for business.
Safer and healthier work at any age
OSH in the context of an ageing workforce
Gender aspects
Elke Schneider
Sarah Copsey
Project Managers, EU-OSHA
ETUI Women, work and health
March 2015
The document discusses a European project from 2013-2015 examining occupational safety and health (OSH) in the context of an aging workforce. It identifies several prerequisites for OSH systems, including improved prevention for all workers, specific measures for older workers, support for small businesses, and a holistic approach integrating OSH, employment, health and
Rehabilitation and return to work after cancer – How could instruments and practices support workers and employers? See our editable ppt for non-expert.
Day 3- Thursday 19 March 2015: Preparing for our Individual Challenge
Transformation & Technology Track: Wellness in the Workplace. Presented by Dr Vanessa Govender, Medical Doctor, Health and Wellness Executive, Aveng Limited.
#astdza2015
Un women oxfam action aid_ids slides finalOxfam GB
Unpaid care work is essential but often invisible. It disproportionately burdens women and girls, limiting their opportunities and rights. To address this, policies and programs should recognize, reduce, and redistribute unpaid care work through a "4 Rs" approach. This involves making care visible, appealing for change, and supporting more equitable distribution of responsibilities between women and men as well as families and the state. Community-based research, advocacy campaigns, and popular communications can help drive progress on recognizing women's unpaid labor and promoting shared responsibility for care.
The document summarizes a project that studied occupational safety and health (OSH) in micro and small enterprises in Europe. It discusses why OSH is important in these businesses given their high risks and resource constraints. It presents a typology of micro-small enterprises in terms of their approach to risk management. The project found that effective OSH requires competent employer engagement, worker participation, and state regulation/enforcement. While many support programs were identified, most micro-small enterprises do not actively seek information due to limited resources. Coordinated strategies and additional resources are needed to improve OSH across these businesses.
The slides summarise the key points of EU-OSHA's Manage stress campaign, explaining the problem and why it is so important to tackle it.
The aims of the Healthy Workplaces Campaign 2014–1015 are outlined, and the key campaign dates and information on how to get involved are provided.
The document discusses the Healthy Workplaces Manage Stress campaign organized by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. The campaign aims to improve understanding of work-related stress and psychosocial risks, promote their management, and prevent negative effects. It encourages organizations to assess and manage psychosocial risks like excessive work demands and lack of support through practical tools and guidance. The benefits of managing psychosocial risks include improved worker well-being, productivity, and compliance with legal requirements.
This document discusses gender issues related to occupational safety and health. It notes that while women are concentrated in sectors like health care, retail, and education, jobs in these fields often involve physical risks and hazards. For example, health care workers are more likely to carry heavy loads and work in uncomfortable positions than construction workers. The document also addresses challenges such as the high rates of informal and part-time work among women, which makes them more vulnerable to poor working conditions, as well as the difficulties faced by women who need to balance job and caregiving responsibilities. Overall, it argues more research and prevention efforts are still needed to properly address gender differences in occupational exposures and health and safety needs.
Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern. It’s good for you. It’s good for business.
Safer and healthier work at any age
OSH in the context of an ageing workforce
Gender aspects
Elke Schneider
Sarah Copsey
Project Managers, EU-OSHA
ETUI Women, work and health
March 2015
The document discusses a European project from 2013-2015 examining occupational safety and health (OSH) in the context of an aging workforce. It identifies several prerequisites for OSH systems, including improved prevention for all workers, specific measures for older workers, support for small businesses, and a holistic approach integrating OSH, employment, health and
Rehabilitation and return to work after cancer – How could instruments and practices support workers and employers? See our editable ppt for non-expert.
Day 3- Thursday 19 March 2015: Preparing for our Individual Challenge
Transformation & Technology Track: Wellness in the Workplace. Presented by Dr Vanessa Govender, Medical Doctor, Health and Wellness Executive, Aveng Limited.
#astdza2015
Un women oxfam action aid_ids slides finalOxfam GB
Unpaid care work is essential but often invisible. It disproportionately burdens women and girls, limiting their opportunities and rights. To address this, policies and programs should recognize, reduce, and redistribute unpaid care work through a "4 Rs" approach. This involves making care visible, appealing for change, and supporting more equitable distribution of responsibilities between women and men as well as families and the state. Community-based research, advocacy campaigns, and popular communications can help drive progress on recognizing women's unpaid labor and promoting shared responsibility for care.
The document summarizes a project that studied occupational safety and health (OSH) in micro and small enterprises in Europe. It discusses why OSH is important in these businesses given their high risks and resource constraints. It presents a typology of micro-small enterprises in terms of their approach to risk management. The project found that effective OSH requires competent employer engagement, worker participation, and state regulation/enforcement. While many support programs were identified, most micro-small enterprises do not actively seek information due to limited resources. Coordinated strategies and additional resources are needed to improve OSH across these businesses.
The slides summarise the key points of EU-OSHA's Manage stress campaign, explaining the problem and why it is so important to tackle it.
The aims of the Healthy Workplaces Campaign 2014–1015 are outlined, and the key campaign dates and information on how to get involved are provided.
The document discusses the Healthy Workplaces Manage Stress campaign organized by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. The campaign aims to improve understanding of work-related stress and psychosocial risks, promote their management, and prevent negative effects. It encourages organizations to assess and manage psychosocial risks like excessive work demands and lack of support through practical tools and guidance. The benefits of managing psychosocial risks include improved worker well-being, productivity, and compliance with legal requirements.
The document discusses health and safety challenges in the workplace, including different national systems, economic and demographic changes, new technologies and risks. It emphasizes that safety and health is important for both individuals and businesses. It outlines elements of successful policies for an aging workforce, including integrated frameworks across social, employment, health and safety policies. Key factors include rehabilitation and return to work programs, early intervention, tailored support, and coordination across stakeholders. The document advocates adopting a life course approach to occupational safety and health.
Health informatics professionals play an important role in improving patient care through the use of information technology. However, the field faces several challenges including a lack of clear career pathways, non-competitive pay and benefits, and limited opportunities for training and professional development. National organizations are working to address these issues by developing apprenticeships and degree programs, establishing occupational standards and job profiles, and providing resources to support continuing education and professional registration/accreditation. Overcoming these challenges is crucial to attracting talented professionals and fully realizing the benefits of health informatics.
Dr. Janet Bauer of Loma Linda University addresses the growing issue of dental neglect in seniors, particularly those in early to mid-stage dementia who can no longer practice good dental hygeine without assistance. The presentation was part of the June 7, 2013 Glenner Symposium on Elder Abuse and Neglect for San Diego County health care professionals.
Care work, including both paid and unpaid activities that involve looking after someone else's physical, psychological, and emotional needs, is undervalued socially and economically. While essential for human well-being, most care work is performed by women in informal and low-paid jobs. The feminization and globalization of the care sector has created opportunities as well as challenges. With aging populations and changing social norms, care work has the potential to generate significant employment, especially as technology cannot fully replace the human element of care. However, policies are needed to improve training, wages, and working conditions for care workers and ensure universal access to high-quality care.
David Oliver: Making services fit for an ageing populationThe King's Fund
David Oliver, National Clinical Director for Older People at the Department of Health, discusses population ageing and attitudes to it, what older people and carers want and the solutions to providing better care.
This document discusses the importance of developing health informatics professionals to improve patient care. It notes that medical errors cost lives and the NHS each year, and that information technology can help address these issues and improve processes. However, it states that technical expertise alone is not enough - professionals also need clinical knowledge to design systems that support care delivery. It identifies issues such as a lack of career pathways, low pay, and insufficient training and development opportunities. It advocates professionalizing the field through registration, accreditation, and national strategies to address these challenges and realize the benefits of health informatics.
Working together for youth employment
From education to the workplace: a global challenge
Presentation by Sarah Copsey - Project Manager – EU-OSHA on the 30th June 2011 – Brussels
Joint seminar of the European Parliament and EU Agencies Cedefop, EU-OSHA, ETF, Eurofound
European Parliament
Precarious employment, employment quality and workers’ health and well-being �sophieproject
1. The document analyzes data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey to classify European jobs into five categories based on 13 indicators of employment quality.
2. The five categories are: standard employment-like jobs, instrumental jobs, portfolio jobs, precarious unsustainable jobs, and precarious intensive jobs.
3. Characteristics and outcomes are described for each category, such as which groups are more likely to have each job type and their levels of job security, benefits, work-life balance, and health.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on improving occupational safety and health in micro and small enterprises. [1] It discusses the SESAME project which studied OSH practices in MSEs across Europe. [2] MSEs have high risks but limited resources to manage them. Regulation and support from inspections, peer organizations, and support systems can help, but must be low-cost, personal, and tailored to the sector and business goals. Coordinating these different actors is important for influencing MSEs' practices and risk perceptions.
Kevin Conlon ehealth Strategy, Department of HealthInvestnet
This document outlines Ireland's national eHealth strategy. It defines eHealth and discusses how technology is transforming other industries but healthcare has lagged behind. The strategy calls for establishing "eHealth Ireland" to oversee implementation of key eHealth programs and enabling functions. These include electronic prescribing, online appointment scheduling, telehealth, legal/regulatory standards, and a national patient identifier. The goals are to empower patients, improve care quality and access, support healthcare reform, and create jobs through an eHealth innovation ecosystem involving academia, industry, and health services. A phased implementation timeline is proposed to begin establishing eHealth Ireland and priority eHealth programs over the next few years.
This document discusses appropriate innovation and gamification in healthcare. It notes several urgent issues driving change, such as aging populations, increasing care demands, and rising costs. Gamification could help address workforce shortages and access issues if applied properly. Key criteria for determining what innovations are appropriate include whether they target individual health needs effectively and efficiently without overtreatment. Gamification must improve quality from a patient-centered perspective and be evidence-based, affordable, and sustainable to qualify for basic insurance coverage under the Dutch system. Overall, healthcare innovations require understanding problems, analyzing demands and processes, measuring impacts, and developing solutions centered on quality improvement.
This document describes an innovative approach to automated incontinence monitoring using smart diaper technology. The standard smart diaper would optimize and personalize continence care for elderly individuals by continuously monitoring urine and feces and wirelessly transferring data to caregivers. This would allow for less frequent, more necessary diaper changes and interventions. An expert smart diaper could also be used as part of a diagnostic toolkit to more accurately diagnose incontinence conditions from home through additional urine and toilet sensors and analysis. Both approaches aim to improve quality of life for the elderly and reduce costs and burden associated with incontinence care.
Midwifery involves caring for women during pregnancy, labor, birth, and the postpartum period. Obstetrics deals with medical care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-reproductive period. There have been several trends in midwifery and obstetrical nursing including economic issues, advances in technology, demographic shifts, changes in healthcare settings, greater patient involvement, and an increase in high-risk pregnancies. Current problems include shorter hospital stays, higher patient acuity, lack of rural facilities, and changes in maternal-newborn care focused on family and a natural birth process.
1. The role of primary care centers in workers' health is to provide prevention, treatment, disability assessment, and collaboration with occupational health specialists. Electronic health records and tools can help integrate occupational health data.
2. Strengthening collaboration requires training primary care and occupational health providers together, identifying stakeholders, and removing administrative and financial barriers.
3. Supporting workers' health involves empowering workers and communities through health education, ensuring access to occupational health services, and addressing legal issues. Involving workers and unions is important.
Impact of demography & employment patterns on occupational health mr devna...slliim
Changes in demography and employment patterns are impacting occupational health in several ways. An aging workforce, more migrant and women workers, and changes in technology and business models are introducing new health challenges. Small and medium enterprises in particular may lack knowledge and resources to properly address occupational health issues. Non-standard employment arrangements like contracting, outsourcing, and precarious work can create uncertainty around health and safety responsibilities. Sectors like services also present increased risks like violence and musculoskeletal injuries that established safety practices do not always mitigate. Comprehensive, collaborative efforts are needed between government, businesses, and unions to update regulations, strengthen enforcement, provide training and support, and ensure all workers' health needs are met through the changing world of work
The document summarizes the activities and services provided at Phuc Lam New Horizons Palliative Care Center in Vietnam. The center aims to improve quality of life for Vietnamese and diversify health care services. It provides 24/7 palliative care for patients and comprehensive care for the elderly, including rehabilitation, massage, acupuncture, nutrition plans, and psychological support. The center also conducts nursing training, international networking activities, and community health education workshops.
The document summarizes the activities and services provided at Phuc Lam New Horizons Palliative Care Center in Vietnam. The center aims to improve quality of life for Vietnamese and diversify health care services. It provides 24/7 palliative care for patients and comprehensive care for the elderly, including rehabilitation, massage, acupuncture, nutrition plans, and psychological support. The center also conducts nursing training, international networking activities, and community health education workshops.
The document summarizes the key findings and lessons learned from an external review of the culture at Castlebeck following the Winterbourne View abuse scandal. Some of the main issues identified included a lack of respect for individuals, unclear values, low staffing levels, and a closed inward-looking culture. The review provided recommendations in 9 areas such as improving assessment and care planning, facilitating meaningful activities for patients, strengthening multi-disciplinary teamwork, and enhancing clinical governance and safety practices. The conclusion calls for systemic changes across health and social care to prevent future failures and create environments where person-centered care can thrive.
HIV/AIDS at worplace: protecting yourself - World AIDS Day 2012, ADBJean Jacques Bernatas
This document discusses protecting oneself and others from HIV/AIDS in the workplace. It covers 7 key points: 1) preventing discrimination, 2) promoting prevention, 3) ensuring treatment and care, 4) providing support, 5) respecting testing, privacy and confidentiality, 6) maintaining occupational safety and health, and 7) protecting children and young persons. The document emphasizes that with access to antiretroviral treatment, people living with HIV can live long and productive lives. It argues that workplaces should implement policies to educate employees, ensure access to healthcare, and prevent discrimination in order to benefit both employers and employees living with HIV.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
The document discusses health and safety challenges in the workplace, including different national systems, economic and demographic changes, new technologies and risks. It emphasizes that safety and health is important for both individuals and businesses. It outlines elements of successful policies for an aging workforce, including integrated frameworks across social, employment, health and safety policies. Key factors include rehabilitation and return to work programs, early intervention, tailored support, and coordination across stakeholders. The document advocates adopting a life course approach to occupational safety and health.
Health informatics professionals play an important role in improving patient care through the use of information technology. However, the field faces several challenges including a lack of clear career pathways, non-competitive pay and benefits, and limited opportunities for training and professional development. National organizations are working to address these issues by developing apprenticeships and degree programs, establishing occupational standards and job profiles, and providing resources to support continuing education and professional registration/accreditation. Overcoming these challenges is crucial to attracting talented professionals and fully realizing the benefits of health informatics.
Dr. Janet Bauer of Loma Linda University addresses the growing issue of dental neglect in seniors, particularly those in early to mid-stage dementia who can no longer practice good dental hygeine without assistance. The presentation was part of the June 7, 2013 Glenner Symposium on Elder Abuse and Neglect for San Diego County health care professionals.
Care work, including both paid and unpaid activities that involve looking after someone else's physical, psychological, and emotional needs, is undervalued socially and economically. While essential for human well-being, most care work is performed by women in informal and low-paid jobs. The feminization and globalization of the care sector has created opportunities as well as challenges. With aging populations and changing social norms, care work has the potential to generate significant employment, especially as technology cannot fully replace the human element of care. However, policies are needed to improve training, wages, and working conditions for care workers and ensure universal access to high-quality care.
David Oliver: Making services fit for an ageing populationThe King's Fund
David Oliver, National Clinical Director for Older People at the Department of Health, discusses population ageing and attitudes to it, what older people and carers want and the solutions to providing better care.
This document discusses the importance of developing health informatics professionals to improve patient care. It notes that medical errors cost lives and the NHS each year, and that information technology can help address these issues and improve processes. However, it states that technical expertise alone is not enough - professionals also need clinical knowledge to design systems that support care delivery. It identifies issues such as a lack of career pathways, low pay, and insufficient training and development opportunities. It advocates professionalizing the field through registration, accreditation, and national strategies to address these challenges and realize the benefits of health informatics.
Working together for youth employment
From education to the workplace: a global challenge
Presentation by Sarah Copsey - Project Manager – EU-OSHA on the 30th June 2011 – Brussels
Joint seminar of the European Parliament and EU Agencies Cedefop, EU-OSHA, ETF, Eurofound
European Parliament
Precarious employment, employment quality and workers’ health and well-being �sophieproject
1. The document analyzes data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey to classify European jobs into five categories based on 13 indicators of employment quality.
2. The five categories are: standard employment-like jobs, instrumental jobs, portfolio jobs, precarious unsustainable jobs, and precarious intensive jobs.
3. Characteristics and outcomes are described for each category, such as which groups are more likely to have each job type and their levels of job security, benefits, work-life balance, and health.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on improving occupational safety and health in micro and small enterprises. [1] It discusses the SESAME project which studied OSH practices in MSEs across Europe. [2] MSEs have high risks but limited resources to manage them. Regulation and support from inspections, peer organizations, and support systems can help, but must be low-cost, personal, and tailored to the sector and business goals. Coordinating these different actors is important for influencing MSEs' practices and risk perceptions.
Kevin Conlon ehealth Strategy, Department of HealthInvestnet
This document outlines Ireland's national eHealth strategy. It defines eHealth and discusses how technology is transforming other industries but healthcare has lagged behind. The strategy calls for establishing "eHealth Ireland" to oversee implementation of key eHealth programs and enabling functions. These include electronic prescribing, online appointment scheduling, telehealth, legal/regulatory standards, and a national patient identifier. The goals are to empower patients, improve care quality and access, support healthcare reform, and create jobs through an eHealth innovation ecosystem involving academia, industry, and health services. A phased implementation timeline is proposed to begin establishing eHealth Ireland and priority eHealth programs over the next few years.
This document discusses appropriate innovation and gamification in healthcare. It notes several urgent issues driving change, such as aging populations, increasing care demands, and rising costs. Gamification could help address workforce shortages and access issues if applied properly. Key criteria for determining what innovations are appropriate include whether they target individual health needs effectively and efficiently without overtreatment. Gamification must improve quality from a patient-centered perspective and be evidence-based, affordable, and sustainable to qualify for basic insurance coverage under the Dutch system. Overall, healthcare innovations require understanding problems, analyzing demands and processes, measuring impacts, and developing solutions centered on quality improvement.
This document describes an innovative approach to automated incontinence monitoring using smart diaper technology. The standard smart diaper would optimize and personalize continence care for elderly individuals by continuously monitoring urine and feces and wirelessly transferring data to caregivers. This would allow for less frequent, more necessary diaper changes and interventions. An expert smart diaper could also be used as part of a diagnostic toolkit to more accurately diagnose incontinence conditions from home through additional urine and toilet sensors and analysis. Both approaches aim to improve quality of life for the elderly and reduce costs and burden associated with incontinence care.
Midwifery involves caring for women during pregnancy, labor, birth, and the postpartum period. Obstetrics deals with medical care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the post-reproductive period. There have been several trends in midwifery and obstetrical nursing including economic issues, advances in technology, demographic shifts, changes in healthcare settings, greater patient involvement, and an increase in high-risk pregnancies. Current problems include shorter hospital stays, higher patient acuity, lack of rural facilities, and changes in maternal-newborn care focused on family and a natural birth process.
1. The role of primary care centers in workers' health is to provide prevention, treatment, disability assessment, and collaboration with occupational health specialists. Electronic health records and tools can help integrate occupational health data.
2. Strengthening collaboration requires training primary care and occupational health providers together, identifying stakeholders, and removing administrative and financial barriers.
3. Supporting workers' health involves empowering workers and communities through health education, ensuring access to occupational health services, and addressing legal issues. Involving workers and unions is important.
Impact of demography & employment patterns on occupational health mr devna...slliim
Changes in demography and employment patterns are impacting occupational health in several ways. An aging workforce, more migrant and women workers, and changes in technology and business models are introducing new health challenges. Small and medium enterprises in particular may lack knowledge and resources to properly address occupational health issues. Non-standard employment arrangements like contracting, outsourcing, and precarious work can create uncertainty around health and safety responsibilities. Sectors like services also present increased risks like violence and musculoskeletal injuries that established safety practices do not always mitigate. Comprehensive, collaborative efforts are needed between government, businesses, and unions to update regulations, strengthen enforcement, provide training and support, and ensure all workers' health needs are met through the changing world of work
The document summarizes the activities and services provided at Phuc Lam New Horizons Palliative Care Center in Vietnam. The center aims to improve quality of life for Vietnamese and diversify health care services. It provides 24/7 palliative care for patients and comprehensive care for the elderly, including rehabilitation, massage, acupuncture, nutrition plans, and psychological support. The center also conducts nursing training, international networking activities, and community health education workshops.
The document summarizes the activities and services provided at Phuc Lam New Horizons Palliative Care Center in Vietnam. The center aims to improve quality of life for Vietnamese and diversify health care services. It provides 24/7 palliative care for patients and comprehensive care for the elderly, including rehabilitation, massage, acupuncture, nutrition plans, and psychological support. The center also conducts nursing training, international networking activities, and community health education workshops.
The document summarizes the key findings and lessons learned from an external review of the culture at Castlebeck following the Winterbourne View abuse scandal. Some of the main issues identified included a lack of respect for individuals, unclear values, low staffing levels, and a closed inward-looking culture. The review provided recommendations in 9 areas such as improving assessment and care planning, facilitating meaningful activities for patients, strengthening multi-disciplinary teamwork, and enhancing clinical governance and safety practices. The conclusion calls for systemic changes across health and social care to prevent future failures and create environments where person-centered care can thrive.
HIV/AIDS at worplace: protecting yourself - World AIDS Day 2012, ADBJean Jacques Bernatas
This document discusses protecting oneself and others from HIV/AIDS in the workplace. It covers 7 key points: 1) preventing discrimination, 2) promoting prevention, 3) ensuring treatment and care, 4) providing support, 5) respecting testing, privacy and confidentiality, 6) maintaining occupational safety and health, and 7) protecting children and young persons. The document emphasizes that with access to antiretroviral treatment, people living with HIV can live long and productive lives. It argues that workplaces should implement policies to educate employees, ensure access to healthcare, and prevent discrimination in order to benefit both employers and employees living with HIV.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
1-Elke Scneider.pptx
1. Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern. It’s good for you. It’s good for business.
Gender at work and varying forms of exposure
Elke Schneider, Prevention and Research unit, EU-OSHA
ETUI conference Women´s health and work, 5th March 2015
2. http://osha.europa.eu
3
European Agency for Safety and
Health at Work (EU-OSHA)
• A body of the EU
• Established in 1996 in Bilbao, Spain
• To promote a culture of risk prevention to improve working
conditions in Europe, by providing technical, scientific and economic
information to serve the needs of those involved in safety and health
at work.
• Tripartite Board bringing together:
- governments, employers’ and workers’ organisations
- the European Commission
3. http://osha.europa.eu
4
What we do
Research
• We identify and assess new and emerging risks at work
− e.g. foresight, ESENER (EU survey of enterprises on new and emerging risks)
• We mainstream OSH into other policy areas: public health, research,
environmental protection, transport, education, …
Prevention
• We collect good practice examples
• We develop hands-on instruments for micro, small and medium-sized
enterprises to help them assess their workplace risks, share knowledge
and good practices on OSH
− OiRA (Online interactive risk assessment)
Partnership
• We work with and network governments, employers’ and workers’
organisations, EU bodies, networks, and private companies
− e.g. our EU network of national Focal Points
Campaigning
• We organise major bi-annual EU “Healthy Workplace Campaigns”:
− 2012-2013: Working together for risk prevention
− 2014-2015: Healthy workplaces manage stress
4. http://osha.europa.eu
5
EU-OSHA mainstreams gender into its research
•Dedicated web section
•Factsheets in 22 languages
•eFacts, reports, for female-dominated sectors,
risks/health problems relevant to women
•Mainstreamed into all our activities (statistics,
surveys, tools, good practice, sectors and
occupations, research about vulnerable groups)
•Included in our campaigns
http://osha.europa.eu/en/priority_groups/gender
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/publications-overview?Subject:list=gender
Carries out specific research to provide
reports and tools
◊ Review 2003 on gender issues
◊ Risk assessment factsheets – gender and
diversity
◊ Updated report on trends and issues 2014
◊ Report on mainstreaming tools and policies
2015
◊ Report on gender and age 2015
5. http://osha.europa.eu
10
Recent trends
Women still work mainly in services, segregation continues
Increases in part-time work and mini-jobs, multiple employment
Increases in employment and activity highest for women aged 55-64
Older women work more in education, health and social work and public
administration, younger women more in HORECA and retail
Female workforce ageing in some sectors – manufacturing, agriculture, health care,
education
Increase in informal work, home/domestic services, difficult access for authorities
Exposure to violence increasing
Musculoskeletal disorders and mental health problems increasing
Women´s access to rehabilitation and back-to-work limited
Less access to consultation, worker representatives
Younger and older, migrant women and those in personal services particularly
vulnerable
Monitoring (accidents & health problems) does still not consider women enough, e.g.
typical accidents in education/health care not considered in statistical analysis
Huge differences between Member states
Little gender-specific information on impact of changes (e.g. technology)
6. http://osha.europa.eu
11
Combined risks - a major issue for women at work
Risk factors, conditions Outcomes
• Exposure to biological & chemical agents
• Working in service sectors
• Working at clients premises
• Jobs not covered by OSH legislation
• Multiple roles
• Lack of information and training
• Low control, autonomy and support
• Prolonged standing and sitting
• Static postures
• Monotonous and repetitive work
• Moving loads repetitively and moving
people
• Client and patient contact
• Infectious diseases
• Skin disorders, asthma
• Stress and mental health problems
• Different accidents: slips, trips and falls,
violence-related, needlestick injuries,
cuts and sprains
• Fatigue and cognitive disorders
• Musculoskeletal disorders
7. http://osha.europa.eu
12
Gaps in practice - Rehabilitation and disability
Findings and recommendations
Women with disabilities - at risk of double or triple discrimination.
Accommodations for women basic or not existent.
Rehabilitation schemes do not account for women’s needs, e.g. childcare needs during
rehabilitation.
Employers to be encouraged to have flexible and effective rehabilitation/ back-to-work
policies, addressing female workers, temporary workers and part-timers, often women,
young or migrant workers.
Pension systems and compensation not adapted.
An example from MS:
In Sweden, disability pensions are more favourable to men. Women denied pension
when able to do housework, equates to a higher level of well-being, although men are
not assessed on this criterion.
More research for women on vocational retraining, rehabilitation and re-insertion into
work needed.
Rehabilitation and back-to-work policies to address women´s distribution of MSDs and
the higher prevalence of mental health disorders.
Women's work-related health problems leading to longer workplace absences and
critical for reintegration.
8. http://osha.europa.eu
15
OSH implications of employment trends
Employment trend
Women more and more
concentrated in part-time
and casual jobs, particularly
in the retail trade and
consumer services sector;
impacts on their salaries and
their career perspectives
Informal work and jobs in
home care and as cleaners
on the increase, especially for
migrant women
Move towards mini-jobs, not
covered by labour law
Women continue to trail men
in terms of career
advancement and in levels of
compensation and gaining
higher status
OSH implications
Stress & related health problems,
fatigue and cognitive health
problems
Repetitive strain injuries caused
by repetitive and monotonous work
Low job control and autonomy,
feelings of low self-esteem, low
motivation, and job dissatisfaction
for women
OSH difficult to organise for
women who work at their clients
premises, how to enforce, how to
assess risks, how to ensure labour
protection
Less access to (OSH) training,
consultation, less representation in
decision-making that may influence
their working conditions
9. http://osha.europa.eu
16
Female employment, by sector
60% of all employed
women in 6 out of 62
sectors:
health care & social
services,
retail,
education,
public administration,
business activities
hotels and restaurants
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Human health & social work
Wholesale & retail trade
Education
Manufacturing
Public administration
Accommodation & food service
Prof., scientific & technical activities
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Administrative & support service
Other service activities
Financial and insurance activities
Transportation and storage
Activities of households as
employers
Information and communication
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Construction
Real estate activities
Electricity, gas, steam & air condit.
Water supply; sewerage, waste
managemt
10. http://osha.europa.eu
18
Women and informal work – typical sectors
Sector Vulnerable groups
Occupations
Health and safety risks Specific issues
Agriculture Family workers
Undeclared workers
Young people and children
Temperature and climatic conditions
Pesticides
Accident risks, incl. from vehicles and
machinery
Strenuous work
Seasonal work
Irregular working time
Retail Street retail trade and
markets
Gift shops
Street vendors
Temperature, climatic conditions
Ergonomic risks
“Envelope” wages
Manufacturing Pieced home work
Garment and shoemaking
Tailoring
Accident risks
Poor equipment
Chemical and biological risks
Irregular piece work
Casual work
Hotels and
restaurants
Catering
Kitchen workers
Cleaners
Unskilled workers
MSDs
Noise
Chemical and biological risks
Burns and cuts
Seasonal work
Night work
Irregular working times
“Envelope” wages
Personal
services
Hairdressing
Cleaning
Tailoring
Accounting, data processing
Biological and chemical
Poorly equipped
Casual work
False self-employment
Low wages
Home and
elderly care
Cleaning
Child care
Elderly care
Biological and chemical
MSDs, heavy lifting
Lack of ergonomic equipment and
protective hygiene measures
Irregular working time
Working at clients´ premises
Lone work
Lack of facilities
Mental load
11. http://osha.europa.eu
19
Characteristics of informal work for women
Vulnerable
groups
Occupations
Health & safety
risks
Specific issues Wider issues
Family workers
Undeclared workers
Young people
Migrant workers
Repetitive & monotonous work
Physically strenuous work
Gendered violence
Lack of access to facilities
Mental load
Accidents & diseases not
recorded and compensated
Lone work
Lack of access to healthcare/
preventive OSH services
Lacking access to preventive
services
Lack of training
No access to consultation
No representation
Lack of basic rights (holidays,
insurance, unemployment
benefits)
Hard & busy schedules
Inadequate rest
Working conditions depend on
the relationship with the
employer
Lack of pension rights
No work contracts or
temporary contracts
Higher poverty risks
Lack of conciliation with
family obligations
Poor career prospects
No social or economic
recognition
Overqualification
Low wages
“Envelope” wages
No access to formal jobs
Social exclusion
Ongoing research on undeclared work and exploitation by FRA, just
presented at EU-OSHA
12. http://osha.europa.eu
22
OSH implications of living conditions
Living conditions
Women spend more time in unpaid
activities: childcare and care for
dependent relatives, housework
Women often juggle multiple roles
– be mothers, partners and carers as
well as doing paid work and running a
household
Disparity in pay between women
and men still exists. Women
overrepresented in low income, low
status jobs (often part-time), and
more likely to live in poverty
Poverty, working mainly in the home
on housework and concerns about
personal safety can make women
particularly isolated
OSH implications
Intensive caring can affect
emotional health, physical health,
social activities and finances
Stress – particularly when jobs
involve shift work, irregular working
times, Saturday/Sunday and
evening work
Fatigue and cognitive problems
Accidents related to fatigue and
bad working conditions
Musculoskeletal disorders
Multiple risk factors, not always
easy to discriminate work-related
risks
Accepting precarious and worse
conditions at work
13. http://osha.europa.eu
23
Care for children or family still main reason for non - or
part-time employment
In Europe, employment gap
between mothers with very young
children (< 3 yrs)) with children in
school age (6 -11 yrs) is on average
26 points for those aged 15 - 24,
and 10 points for those aged 25 - 54
15,6
28,8
12,5
9,8
15,2
0 20 40 60
Retired
In education or training
Own illness or disability
Other family or personal
responsabilities
Looking after children or
incapacitated adults
Main reason for not seeking employment,
by gender, LFS, 2013
Men Women
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Looking after
children or
incapacitated adults
Other family or
personal
responsabilities
Own illness or
disability
In education or
training
Could not find a full-
time job
Other reasons
Main reason for working part-time, women, LFS, 2013
15 years and over
Between 15 and 24 years
Between 25 and 49 years
Between 50 and 64 years
65 years and over
14. http://osha.europa.eu
24
Caring for relatives, not only childcare
UK :
• 11% rise in the number of carers since 2001 - increasing by over 620,000 to
6.5 million in just 10 years, about one-third are men.
• caring round the clock, for 50 h or more each week, are rising faster - an
increase of 25% in the last ten years
• Consequences: loss in income, physical and mental load, loss of employment
A UK survey among SMEs showed that 25% had either dealt with a worker
affected by cancer or with a worker with care duties due to a cancer case
By 2050, Nr. of people over 85 will increase more than fivefold and Europe,
having the oldest population will see a rapid increase in the demand for care.
BE: 164,789 jobs were created between 2004 and 2011 in the domestic services
sector; in France, 300,000 jobs have been created in the same sector since 2005
Good practices:
• In Canada, there is a statutory right to compassionate care leave. Employees
can take up to eight weeks unpaid leave to care for a gravely ill family member.
• The Carer's Leave Act 2001 in the Republic of Ireland enables employees to
leave their employment to provide temporary full-time care and attention to a
family member, a partner, friend or colleague.
Sources: Carers UK, 2014 report, facts and figures; IES, SME survey; NICA, final report
15. http://osha.europa.eu
25
OSH implications of segregation into sectors
Employment trend
Women still work mainly in
services, while men work mainly in
construction, utilities, transport and
manufacturing
Increases in activity highest for
women aged 55-64
Older women work more in
education, health and social work
and public administration
Employment in manufacturing
decreasing
Female workforce is ageing in
some sectors – manufacturing,
agriculture
Women highly represented in
informal work, home and
domestic services
OSH implications
Different risks for men and women –
prolonged sitting and standing,
static work significant for women
More client contact – more
harassment and violence
Different risks for different age
groups – prevention should be
tailored
Occupational accident rates
stagnating in some sectors, not
recorded for education, health care
and sectors with high rates of
informal work, e.g. agriculture
Older women exposed to heavy
work
Less access to training for older
women, less access to consultation,
representation and preventive
services in the informal sector
16. http://osha.europa.eu
26
Gender segregation by age
OSH implications need to be further investigated
older women
more in health
social work and
education,
younger women
more in retail
and HORECA
Employment in
agriculture is
decreasing
Female
workforce in
manufacturing,
education and
health & social
work is ageing
Source: Eurostat LFS
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Agriculture Manufacturing Retail Hotels and
restaurants
Public
administration
Education Health & social
work
Women aged 15 - 24, in 1000s, main employment sectors, 2008 and 2013
2008
2013
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Agriculture Manufacturing Retail Hotels and
restaurants
Public
administration
Education Health & social
work
Women aged 50 - 64, in 1000s, main employment sectors, 2008 and 2013
2008
2013
17. http://osha.europa.eu
27
Are female jobs light jobs?
Secondary analysis of the German workers survey found that
Health care workers carry more than construction workers
2 in 3 have to carry heavy loads
(compared to 1 in 2 for construction workers)
93,8% have to do their work standing
36% have to work in unfavourable postures (kneeling,
bending, squatting, etc.)
71% have to do more than one task at a time
More than ¾ (76%) work shifts
More than half work nights (51%)
Almost all work Saturdays, Sundays and holidays (94%, 91,5%)
57% men and 64 % women have back pain
66 % women and 54% men have pain in neck and shoulders
37% of the women have pain in the legs
> 40% suffer from high emotional load (compared to 11 % on average)
More than 1 in 4 feel that they hardly cope (27 vs 16.6 %)
Twice as many as on average have sleeping problems (37% vs. 19%)
(Germany,BAuA survey, published Nov.2007)
18. http://osha.europa.eu
28
Shift (Night) Work: Forecasted Attributable Cancers
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Attributable
registrations
Forecast year
Shift work: breast cancer, women
(1) Current employment levels maintained, 30% <5, 40% 5-
14, 30% 15+ years night shift work
(2) Linear employment trends to 2021-30
(3) 50%<5, 30% 5-14, 20% 15+ years night shift work
(4) 70%<5, 20% 5-14, 10% 15+
(5) 90%<5, 10% 5-14, 0% 15+
(6) 100% <5 years
Shift work reduction – a measure to reduce cancer burden?
EU-OSHA Cancer seminar Sep. 2012
UK burden of disease data (Rushton, L.)
19. http://osha.europa.eu
29
EU example – integrating gender into age management
Austrian labour inspection campaign on age management at work
Ageing - female health care workers
Finding that training and chances of promotion end at the age of 45;
high work rates, work organisation or working hours and the structure of the work environment
continues to be tailored to younger people.
Projection of the age structure – health and social service - blue-collar workers
Source: Austrian labour inspection service ZAI
2.2
6.3
9
10
15.1
19.7
18
11.8
6.8
1.2
6.8
1.2
2.2
6.3
9
10
15.1
19.7
18
11.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 55-60 61-65
2007
2016
• 300 enterprises (15/ regional
labour inspectorate) selected for
interventions
•Advice to employers
• employers to assess the age
structure of their workforce
• attempt a projection of
expected changes
• have a plan for addressing
existing and future health
problems
• folders, tools and brochures
developed jointly, practical to
SMEs
20. http://osha.europa.eu
30
Occupational accidents – gender differences
Causes and circumstances different due to employment in
different sectors and occupations
• Slips, trips and falls
• Accidents due to violence
Indications that some types of accidents more frequent in
women working rotating shifts, e.g. health care – influence of
living conditions?
Accidents in some female-dominated sectors on the rise in
some countries (HORECA – young workers!)
Some female-dominated sectors (education, health care, public
service) not or insufficiently addressed
Informal work and mini-jobs – accidents not assessed/recorded
21. http://osha.europa.eu
31
Women at work - Accident rates generally decreasing, but trends very
different for women and men, depending on sector
Health care and education previously not included in top accident sectors!
Informal work – not considered in accident statistics
Many more women work part-time – adjust for working time
Commuting accidents important for women
While accident rates are decreasing for men with age, they are not for women!
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Manufacturing NACE
D
Electricity, gas and
water supply NACE
E
Construction NACE
F
Wholesale and retail,
repair, NACE G
Hotels and
restaurants NACE H
Transport, storage
and communication
NACE I
Financial
intermediation; real
estate, renting and
business activities
NACE J_K
F 1995 M 1995 F 1996 M 1996 F 1997 M 1997 F 1998 M 1998 F 1999 M 1999 F 2000 M 2000
F 2001 M 2001 F 2002 M 2002 F 2003 M 2003 F 2004 M 2004 F 2005 M 2005 F 2006 M 2006
Standardised incidence rate of accidents at work by economic activity, severity and sex
(per 100 000 workers), EU-15, 1995-2006, ESAW, Eurostat
Men
Women
22. http://osha.europa.eu
32
Women at work - Accident rates generally decreasing, but
trends very different for women and men, depending on sector
New NACE coding for industrial sectors reflects better sectors where
accident rates high for female workers
Accident rates for women relevant in service sectors (transport,
HORECA, waste management, health and social work) and
administrative jobs, and in manufacturing and agriculture
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
Transport
& storage
Accommod. &
food services
Admin. &
support
service
Health &
social work
Water supply,
sewerage,
waste man.
Manufacturing Wholesale &
retail trade
Agriculture,
forestry &
fishing
Arts,
entertainment
& recreation
Public
admin.
Real estate Other service
activities
Construction Education
Incidence rate of non-fatal accidents, by gender, ESAW, 2008-2011
Males 2008 Females 2008 Males 2009 Females 2009
Males 2010 Females 2010 Males 2011 Females 2011
23. http://osha.europa.eu
33
Transport accidents – by gender
A much higher injury risk for women
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
work trips commuting transport
accidents total
5.749
35.955
16.902
12.521
69.796
44.394
injured
/
1
milliom
hours
type of journey
men
women
Source „Initiative Sicherer Arbeitsweg - Weinheim 2011 - Dr. Geiler“
• Commercial traffic is riskier
than general traffic
• Commuting more dangerous
than business routes
• Modal choice strongly
relevant-for example highest
risk for motorcycles,
pedestrians, cyclists, and
emergency services
• Women are at higher risk of
injury
• Risk decreases with age
• Depends on times of day,
seasons relevant
24. http://osha.europa.eu
34
Women’s exposure to dangerous substances
remains largely unexplored
Substance Source Circumstances Occupation, task
Pesticides & storage
chemicals
Foodstuff
Storage
Plants
Animals
• Agriculture and
farming
• Horticulture
• Workers who handle
goods from
containers and in
storage areas
• Farmers &
agricultural workers
• Gardeners
• Retail
• Cleaners
Exhaust fumes
Diesel exhaust and
particles
Exhaust from
combustion engine,
incl. diesel and other
engines on trucks,
ships, trains and
buses
• Unintentional contact
when loading and
unloading
• Maintenance
• Refuelling
• Parking areas of
vehicles
• Maintenance
workers
• Retail workers
• Drivers, delivery
and cargo workers
• Workers on mission
• Transport workers
• Emergency workers
25. http://osha.europa.eu
35
Women’s exposure to dangerous substances
remains largely unexplored
Substance Source Circumstances Occupation, task
Solvents
Cleaning products
Fuels
Ambient air
Paints, inks, glues and
varnishes
Cosmetics
Resins and glues
Drugs
Cleaning
Dry-cleaning of textiles
Printing
Laboratory work
Handling medication
Fabrication of dental and
optometric devices
Manufacturing
Leather industry
Textile industry
Cleaners and dry-cleaners
Hairdressers
Service workers on ships, trains,
buses
Printing
Laboratory work, pharmacists,
chemists
Biological and
infectious agents
Animals
Foodstuffs, perishable
goods
Insects and other vectors
Contact with
passengers, patients,
clients
Cleaning
Contact with foodstuffs
Contact with infected clients
and goods
Contact with animals
Cuts and stings
Contact with infectious agents
when travelling abroad
Farmers and agricultural workers
Cleaners
Service and maintenance
workers
Healthcare staff
Hairdressers
Catering staff
Teachers and nursery school
workers
Retail workers
Home care
26. http://osha.europa.eu
36
EU-OSHA publications highlighting chemical and biological
risks to women
Combined exposures!
! Monitoring of cancer risk factors and work-related cancer: exposures to
women overlooked, part-time women excluded from some studies
Noise in figures – OSH in figures report
– highlights exposures in food and textile manufacturing, education, health
care and other service professions
Combined exposures to noise and ototoxic substances – literature
review
Transport sector – OSH in figures report – highlights overlooked
exposures to women in general, in particular women in service tasks
(restauration, cleaning)
Factsheets on respiratory and skin sensitisers, highlight exposures to
biological agents in service sectors, health care, etc.
Reports on cleaners – highlight exposures to precarious workers and lack of
training and information
Report on HORECA and efacts on Dangerous substances in HORECA –
highlights multiple exposures and lack of information
Legionella and legionnaires’ disease: European policies and good
practices, Report and Factsheet 100
27. http://osha.europa.eu
37
Women at work – younger women
Employment trend
Unemployment gap betw. young
men and women has clearly
diminished, in some countries
unemployment of young men has
even become slightly higher.
Younger women work more in
retail and HORECA
Younger women work more in low-
qualified jobs and on temporary
contracts
Gender pay gap already at the start
of career
Employment gap particularly high
for mothers aged 15 - 24 with very
young and with children in school
age
OSH implications
Different risks and trends for
different age groups – prevention
should be tailored
Lack of experience and training of
young women
Younger women exposed to sexual
harassment
High exposure to violence, due to
client contact
Occupational accidents even
increasing in some countries in
female-dominated sectors, such as
HORECA
Less access to consulation,
preventive services,
representation at enterprise level
Young mothers a particularly
vulnerable group
28. http://osha.europa.eu
39
EU example - integrating gender in the work of labour inspection
Austrian labour inspection Gender Mainstreaming Policy
Improved compliance – benefits women and men
Inspectors responsibility to set the right climate. How can they
influence: the workplace level – broader prevention level
Integrated into national OSH strategy – gender budgeting
Austrian Inspectorate gender mainstreaming project
• Mainstream gender into the working lives of inspectors-
helps to raise awareness
• Mainstream gender into daily work of inspectors
• Guidelines for inspectors – always speak to both men and
women – checklists, does my advice cover both women and
men? will my advice benefit men and women?
• Training for inspectors
• Gender focus in guides for cleaners, investigation on female
musicians, gender mainstreamed into actions for ageing
workers
The labour inspection staff act..
..considering the different situation of women and men in a working enviroment and
.. regarding to the fact, that OSH measures should be gender-sensitive
Presentation available at
https://osha.europa.eu/en/seminars/seminar-on-women-at-work-raising-the-profile-of-women-and-occupational-safety-and-health-osh
30. http://osha.europa.eu
41
Gender mainstreaming
Developing risk assessment tools
Mainstreaming, gender-sensitivity means:
ensuring both women and men are included
in all h&s activities and doing a ‘gender-
check’
EU-OSHA factsheet 43 provides a basic
approach:
• Avoid assumptions of who is at risk
• Include women’s jobs and consult them
• Look at real work situations
• Match jobs, equipment to real people
• Include work-life balance
• Incorporate into a holistic approach
Examples of practical tools and their
application needsharing
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/factsheets/43/view