1)Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term used to describe the purchase of products that are standard manufactured products rather than customized, or bespoke, products. A related term, Mil-COTS, refers to COTS products for use by the military. COTS purchases are alternatives to custom developments or to one-off government-funded developments. A COTS product typically requires configuration that is tailored for specific uses, and the key characteristic that differentiates COTS from Custom software is that the user configurations are within the defined parameters of the commercial item and not the result of customizations to the commercial item itself. Motivations for using COTS components include hopes for reduction of overall system- development and costs and reduced long-term maintenance costs. COTS provides some of the strengths:- Applications are provided at a reduced cost. The application is more reliable when compared to custom built software because its reliability is proven through the use by other organizations. COTS is more maintainable because the systems documentation is provided with the application. The application is higher quality because competition improves the product quality. COTS is of higher complexity because specialists within the industry have developed the software. Traditional: Practically all early systems developments, and many current projects, use structured methodologies. They generally consist of easily defined stages such as feasibility study, analysis, design, implementation, testing and installation, each of which requires formal completion before the next stage can commence. Generally, there are no tangible deliverables until the last stage has been completed and then the whole system is provided. - Changes have to be implemented at one particular date, for example, regulatory purposes. -The requirements are well understood and are unlikely to change during the development -period. Again, a regulatory requirement is an example. -It is impossible to break down the task into smaller component projects. -Provision of the system is contractual and to a fixed price. 2) the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life- cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination of both. Implementation phase - Operations Operations is essentially the same regardless of whether the package was built or bought Short-term success dependent on good communication with the vendor Long-term success dependent on how well the system has been integrated into the company’s ongoing operations Following are the phases of the SDLC: Planning , Systems Analysis , Systems Design , De.

1. 1)Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term used to describe the purchase of products that are
standard manufactured products rather than customized, or bespoke, products. A related term,
Mil-COTS, refers to COTS products for use by the military.
COTS purchases are alternatives to custom developments or to one-off government-funded
developments. A COTS product typically requires configuration that is tailored for specific uses,
and the key characteristic that differentiates COTS from Custom software is that the user
configurations are within the defined parameters of the commercial item and not the result of
customizations to the commercial item itself.
Motivations for using COTS components include hopes for reduction of overall system-
development and costs and reduced long-term maintenance costs.
COTS provides some of the strengths:-
Applications are provided at a reduced cost.
The application is more reliable when compared to custom built software because its reliability
is proven through the use by other organizations.
COTS is more maintainable because the systems documentation is provided with the
application.
The application is higher quality because competition improves the product quality.
COTS is of higher complexity because specialists within the industry have developed the
software.
Traditional:
Practically all early systems developments, and many current projects, use structured
methodologies. They generally consist of easily defined stages such as feasibility study, analysis,
design, implementation, testing and installation, each of which requires formal
completion before the next stage can commence. Generally, there are no tangible deliverables
until the last stage has been completed and then the whole system is provided.
- Changes have to be implemented at one particular date, for example, regulatory purposes.
-The requirements are well understood and are unlikely to change during the development
-period. Again, a regulatory requirement is an example.
-It is impossible to break down the task into smaller component projects.
-Provision of the system is contractual and to a fixed price.
2)
the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-
cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to
describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The

2. systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software
configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination
of both.
Implementation phase - Operations
Operations is essentially the same regardless of whether the package was built or bought
Short-term success dependent on good communication with the vendor
Long-term success dependent on how well the system has been integrated into the company’s
ongoing operations
Following are the phases of the SDLC:
Planning , Systems Analysis , Systems Design , Development , Testing , Implementation and
Maintenance
Solution
1)Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) is a term used to describe the purchase of products that are
standard manufactured products rather than customized, or bespoke, products. A related term,
Mil-COTS, refers to COTS products for use by the military.
COTS purchases are alternatives to custom developments or to one-off government-funded
developments. A COTS product typically requires configuration that is tailored for specific uses,
and the key characteristic that differentiates COTS from Custom software is that the user
configurations are within the defined parameters of the commercial item and not the result of
customizations to the commercial item itself.
Motivations for using COTS components include hopes for reduction of overall system-
development and costs and reduced long-term maintenance costs.
COTS provides some of the strengths:-
Applications are provided at a reduced cost.
The application is more reliable when compared to custom built software because its reliability
is proven through the use by other organizations.
COTS is more maintainable because the systems documentation is provided with the
application.
The application is higher quality because competition improves the product quality.
COTS is of higher complexity because specialists within the industry have developed the
software.
Traditional:
Practically all early systems developments, and many current projects, use structured

3. methodologies. They generally consist of easily defined stages such as feasibility study, analysis,
design, implementation, testing and installation, each of which requires formal
completion before the next stage can commence. Generally, there are no tangible deliverables
until the last stage has been completed and then the whole system is provided.
- Changes have to be implemented at one particular date, for example, regulatory purposes.
-The requirements are well understood and are unlikely to change during the development
-period. Again, a regulatory requirement is an example.
-It is impossible to break down the task into smaller component projects.
-Provision of the system is contractual and to a fixed price.
2)
the systems development life cycle (SDLC), also referred to as the application development life-
cycle, is a term used in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering to
describe a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. The
systems development life-cycle concept applies to a range of hardware and software
configurations, as a system can be composed of hardware only, software only, or a combination
of both.
Implementation phase - Operations
Operations is essentially the same regardless of whether the package was built or bought
Short-term success dependent on good communication with the vendor
Long-term success dependent on how well the system has been integrated into the company’s
ongoing operations
Following are the phases of the SDLC:
Planning , Systems Analysis , Systems Design , Development , Testing , Implementation and
Maintenance