The document discusses major artistic movements in the early 20th century in response to World War I. Artists such as Picasso, Braque, Klee, and Kandinsky rebelled against realistic styles and sought to depict inner emotions over outer realism. Styles like Cubism and Fauvism emphasized color and broke forms down into geometric shapes. Dadaism and Surrealism further rejected rationality through nonsensical juxtapositions and dream-like imagery. Freud's theories also influenced the questioning of rational thought and perceptions of the conscious versus unconscious mind.