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180 daraga cpp course session-1
The document provides an outline and introduction to a C++ course. The outline lists topics that will be covered including variables, data types, control statements, functions, arrays, structures, files, pointers, recursion, and STL. The introduction explains that programming languages allow communication with computers. The document then discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine code to assembly to high-level languages. It provides reasons for using C++, including maintainability and portability. It also lists tools that will be used like Eclipse, Codeblocks, Dev C++, and Netbeans. The rest of the document dives deeper into concepts like I/O streams, the main function, and the compilation process.
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180 daraga cpp course session-1
- 1. Mid-Year 2013/2014 180DaragaCpp course BY: MoustafaMohamed Ali 1
- 2. 2 Outline Variables, Data types, casting & I/O Compilers and IDEs Control Statements Loops Functions Arrays & String Structures & Files Pointers and Dynamic allocation Recursion STL. 2013/2014
- 3. 3 Introduction Why programming languages!? That’s how we communicate with the machines and tell the computer what to do. 2013/2014
- 4. 4 Evolution of programming languages Machine code Time consuming, very difficult Assembly Written for one pc and can’t run on another High level programming languages 2013/2014
- 5. 5 2013/2014 Why using C++!? Maintainability Modifying code is much easier It’s OOP Portability Can’t be written and compiled on any CPU. C++ gives you access to some lower level functionality (Pointers , bytes ,…etc)
- 6. 6 Tools we willuse Eclipse (Recommended) Codeblocks (Recommended) Dev Netbeans MS c++ 2013/2014
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- 9. 9 2013/2014 IN DEEP (Libraries)! What is iostream !? It’s Header that defines the standard input/output stream objects . it has two classes istream , ostream Cout it’s an object from the class ostream << it’s called insertion operator Cin it’s an object from the class istream >> it’s called extraction operator
- 10. 10 2013/2014 IN DEEP (Cont.) Namespace std Sort of directory of names. many standard C++ identifiers are defined When we use it we tell the compiler to look for any identifier we haven’t defined in the std (Standard) namespace.
- 11. 11 2013/2014 IN DEEP (Cont.) Int main () The program needs to know from where to start executing the program, the main function is the starting point Return It’s 0 a value that tells the operating system that this program executed successfully with no errors
- 12. 12 IN DEEP (Cont.) (int argc, char** argv) They are called parameters and they will be discussed next sessions (functions session ) 2013/2014
- 13. 13 2013/2014 Important rules Semi-colon “;“ It’stell the compiler that this line of code is finished Cin takes this operator >> , while Cout takes this operator << Write a readable code Use tabs Don’t forget brackets … etc
- 14. 14 2013/2014 Compiler VS IDE Compiler It’s a program that transform from high level languages to machine code to let the CPU understands what you wrote, computers doesn’t know but 0’s and 1’s Best compiler is GNU
- 15. 15 2013/2014 Compiler VS IDE(Cont.) Integrated development environment it provide the developer a set of features like Source code editor Debugger Intelligent code completion Eclipse , NetBeans , Dev ….
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- 17. 17 2013/2014 Compilation process (Cont.) Preprocessor It processes include-files , replace the #include with the content Compiler Output an incomplete object code (machine code, binary form 0’s and 1’s) Linker Linking refers to the creation of a single executable file from multiple object files.
- 18. 18 2013/2014 Compilation process (Cont.) In C++, all these steps are performed early, before you start running a program. In some other languages, they are done during the execution process, which takes time. This is one of the reasons C++ code runs far faster than code in many more recent languages.
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- 20. 20 2013/2014 How to declarea variables !? A variable in C++ is a name for a piece of memory that can be used to store information DataType Variablename ; Int x ; Double y ; Char c ; Variables names can’t begin with numbers, can’t be reserved in the langauge it self like (return , int , double ..etc)
- 21. 21 2013/2014 Variables We can initializeit by setting a value using assignment operator “=” Int x = 5 Char y = ‘n’ ….etc
- 22. 22 Inputs We can takeinputs from user by using cin>>variable name Cin>>x; Cin>>mychar ; ….etc 2013/2014
- 23. 23 2013/2014 Outputs We can printthe value of the number by using the cout << variable name Cout<<x; Cout<<myChar ; ….etc Note that cout<<“x” will print x on the console Cout<<x; it will print the value of x
- 24. 24 2013/2014 How to writea code !? Think in very primitive way . What do I want to do ? What do I need? Don’t start writing code unless you know what you will write We tell computers to do what we want they are stupid but very fast Write readable code, organized sothat you can trace it
- 25. 25 2013/2014 Practice Write a programthat takes from the user his age and print it Write a program to takes from the user his gender and print it (M: Male , F:Female)
- 26. 26 2013/2014 Readings More http://faculty.cs.niu.edu/~mcmahon/CS241 /Notes/compile.html How aboutcompilation process to design a program!? http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/110a-how-to-design-your-first-programs/
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