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1.6
- 1. AIM: What are the overall factors causing evolution? Warm-up: Briefly describe 2 mechanisms that could account for speciation.
- 2. 5 Agents of evolutionary change
- 3. 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation
- 4. 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation Gene Flow
- 5. 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation Gene Flow Non-random mating
- 6. 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation Gene Flow Non-random mating Genetic Drift
- 7. 5 Agents of evolutionary change Mutation Gene Flow Non-random mating Genetic Drift Selection
- 8. 1. Mutation & Variation
- 9. 1. Mutation & Variation
- 10. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation
- 11. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation u new mutations are constantly appearing
- 12. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation u new mutations are constantly appearing § Mutation changes DNA sequence
- 13. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation u new mutations are constantly appearing § Mutation changes DNA sequence u changes amino acid sequence
- 14. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation u new mutations are constantly appearing § Mutation changes DNA sequence u changes amino acid sequence u changes protein
- 15. 1. Mutation & Variation § Mutation creates variation u new mutations are constantly appearing § Mutation changes DNA sequence u changes amino acid sequence u changes protein u changes in protein may change phenotype & therefore change fitness
- 16. 2. Gene Flow
- 17. 2. Gene Flow
- 18. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations
- 19. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations u seed & pollen distribution by wind & insect
- 20. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations u seed & pollen distribution by wind & insect u migration of animals
- 21. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations u seed & pollen distribution by wind & insect u migration of animals § sub-populations may have different allele frequencies
- 22. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations u seed & pollen distribution by wind & insect u migration of animals § sub-populations may have different allele frequencies § causes genetic mixing across regions
- 23. 2. Gene Flow § Movement of individuals & alleles in & out of populations u seed & pollen distribution by wind & insect u migration of animals § sub-populations may have different allele frequencies § causes genetic mixing across regions § reduce differences between populations
- 24. Human evolution today § Gene flow in human populations is increasing today u transferring alleles between populations
- 25. Human evolution today § Gene flow in human populations is increasing today u transferring alleles between populations
- 26. Human evolution today § Gene flow in human populations is increasing today u transferring alleles between populations Are we moving towards a blended world?
- 27. 3. Non-random mating § Sexual selection
- 28. 3. Non-random mating § Sexual selection
- 29. 4. Genetic drift
- 30. 4. Genetic drift
- 31. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events
- 32. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect
- 33. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect § small group splinters off & starts a new colony
- 34. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect § small group splinters off & starts a new colony er Warbl finc h Gr s he ou inc n d ef fin e ch Tr es
- 35. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect § small group splinters off & starts a new colony u bottleneck er Warbl finc h Gr s he ou inc n d ef fin e ch Tr es
- 36. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect § small group splinters off & starts a new colony u bottleneck § some factor (disaster) reduces population to small number & then population recovers & expands again er Warbl finc h Gr s he ou inc n d ef fin e ch Tr es
- 37. 4. Genetic drift § Effect of chance events u founder effect § small group splinters off & starts a new colony u bottleneck § some factor (disaster) reduces population to small number & then population recovers & expands again er Warbl finc h Gr s he ou inc n d ef fin e ch Tr es
- 38. Founder effect
- 39. Founder effect § When a new population is started by only a few individuals u some rare alleles may be at high frequency; others may be missing u skew the gene pool of new population § human populations that started from small group of colonists § example: colonization of New World
- 40. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the O type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original settlement
- 41. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the O type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original settlement
- 42. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the O type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original settlement
- 43. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the B type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original migration
- 44. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the B type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original migration
- 45. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the B type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original migration
- 46. Distribution of blood types § Distribution of the B type blood allele in native populations of the world reflects original migration
- 48. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster
- 49. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster u famine, natural disaster, loss of habitat…
- 50. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster u famine, natural disaster, loss of habitat… u loss of variation by chance event
- 51. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster u famine, natural disaster, loss of habitat… u loss of variation by chance event § alleles lost from gene pool
- 52. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster u famine, natural disaster, loss of habitat… u loss of variation by chance event § alleles lost from gene pool w not due to fitness
- 53. Bottleneck effect § When large population is drastically reduced by a disaster u famine, natural disaster, loss of habitat… u loss of variation by chance event § alleles lost from gene pool w not due to fitness § narrows the gene pool
- 54. Cheetahs
- 55. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles
- 56. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity
- 57. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins
- 58. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins § 2 bottlenecks
- 59. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins § 2 bottlenecks u 10,000 years ago
- 60. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins § 2 bottlenecks u 10,000 years ago § Ice Age
- 61. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins § 2 bottlenecks u 10,000 years ago § Ice Age u last 100 years
- 62. Cheetahs § All cheetahs share a small number of alleles u less than 1% diversity u as if all cheetahs are identical twins § 2 bottlenecks u 10,000 years ago § Ice Age u last 100 years § poaching & loss of habitat
- 63. Peregrine Falcon Conservation issues Golden Lion Tamarin
- 64. Peregrine Falcon Conservation issues § Bottlenecking is an important concept in conservation biology of endangered species Golden Lion Tamarin
- 65. Peregrine Falcon Conservation issues § Bottlenecking is an important concept in conservation biology of endangered species u loss of alleles from gene pool Golden Lion Tamarin
- 66. Peregrine Falcon Conservation issues § Bottlenecking is an important concept in conservation biology of endangered species u loss of alleles from gene pool u reduces variation Golden Lion Tamarin
- 67. Peregrine Falcon Conservation issues § Bottlenecking is an important concept in conservation biology of endangered species u loss of alleles from gene pool u reduces variation u reduces adaptability Breeding programs must consciously outcross Golden Lion Tamarin
- 69. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions
- 70. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change
- 71. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change § food source availability
- 72. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change § food source availability § predators, parasites, diseases
- 73. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change § food source availability § predators, parasites, diseases § toxins
- 74. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change § food source availability § predators, parasites, diseases § toxins u combinations of alleles that provide “fitness” increase in the population
- 75. 5. Natural selection § Differential survival & reproduction due to changing environmental conditions § climate change § food source availability § predators, parasites, diseases § toxins u combinations of alleles that provide “fitness” increase in the population § adaptive evolutionary change