Kinesiology is the study of human body movement. It involves the integration of anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics. The lecture defines kinesiology and related terms. It discusses the divisions of kinesiology including anatomical kinesiology, biomechanics, and psychological kinesiology. Key anatomical terminology is also defined including directional terms like anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal. The objectives of understanding human movement and body mechanics are discussed.

1. KINESIOLOGY
SHS 306
Lecture One
INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY

2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
What is Kinesiology?
Kinesis (motion) + -logy (science, study of)
= Kinesiology
=anatomy (science of structure)
+physiology (science of body function)
+mechanics (science of movement)
=science of movement of the human body.

3. The study of the human body as a machine
that performs work has its foundation in three
major areas of study;
Mechanics
The human body is basically a system of
weights, levers (bones) and devices for
producing force (muscular and nervous
system) and these are governed by physical
(mechanical) laws. In executing movement,
the principles of body mechanics are either
effectively applied or energy is wasted and
injury is more likely to occur.
DIVISION OF KINESIOLOGY

4. Anatomy
This is very relevant since bones, joints,
muscles, connective tissues, blood vessels and
their fluid contents, the coordinating system, the
nerves are the vital elements of human motion,
being used in running, jumping, throwing,
catching etc.
Physiology
There is a very close relationship between
anatomic structures and functions for example,
the function of a particular type of joint is
dependent on the structure. Knowledge of its
range of motion is necessary to avoid
preventable injury.

5. FUTHER DIVISION OF
KINESIOLOGY
• Anatomic kinesiology - study of human
musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous
system
• Biomechanics - application of mechanical
physics to human motion
• Psychological Kinesiology – study of
behavioural and neurological variables in
human movement.

6. Definition of Terms
• Human Movement – it is the change in position of
the body or body segments in space and time
through the application of varying amounts of
force.
• Force - energy expended to move a body or
change its motion, either its direction or speed.
• Motion - implies a change of place or position. It
is a vector quantity which involves direction and
speed.

7. Definition of Terms
Power - The ability of a muscular unit, or
combination of muscular units, to apply
maximum force in minimum time.
Speed - The ability to minimize the time cycle of
a repeated movement.
Coordination - The ability to combine several
distinct movement patterns into a singular
distinct movement.

8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Statics
– Examines systems not moving or moving at a
constant speed
– Equilibrium: no acceleration
• Dynamics
– Examines systems that are being accelerated

9. Definition of Terms
Agility - The ability to minimize transition
time from one movement pattern to
another.
Balance - The ability to control the
placement of the bodies center of
gravity in relation to its support base.
Accuracy - The ability to control
movement in a given direction or at a
given intensity.

10. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Anatomical position
– most widely used & accurate for all
aspects of the body
– standing in an upright posture, facing
straight ahead, feet parallel and close,
& palms facing forward
• Fundamental position
– is essentially same as anatomical
position except arms are at the sides &
palms facing the body

11. Anatomical Directional Terminology
• Inferior (infra)
– below in relation to another structure; caudal
• Superior (supra)
– above in relation to another structure; higher,
cephalic
• Distal
– situated away from the center or midline of the
body, or away from the point of origin
• Proximal
– nearest the trunk or the point of origin
• Lateral
– on or to the side; outside, farther from the
median or midsagittal plane
• Medial
– relating to the middle or center; nearer to the
medial or midsagittal plane
• Median
– Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the
median or midsagittal plane

12. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-12
Anatomical directional terminology
From Van De Graaff KM: Human anatomy, ed
6, New York, 2002, McGraw-Hill

13. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-13
Anatomical directional terminology
• Anterior
– in front or in the
front part
• Anteroinferior
– in front & below
• Anterosuperior
– in front & above
• Posterior
– behind, in back, or in the
rear
• Posteroinferior
– behind & below; in back
& below
• Posterolateral
– behind & to one side,
specifically to the outside

14. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-14
Anatomical directional terminology
• Caudal
– below in relation to another structure;
inferior
• Cephalic
– above in relation to another structure;
higher, superior

15. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-15
Anatomical directional terminology
• Deep
– beneath or below the surface; used to
describe relative depth or location of
muscles or tissue
• Superficial
– near the surface; used to describe relative
depth or location of muscles or tissue

16. Anatomical directional terminology
• Prone
– the body lying face downward; stomach
lying
• Supine
– lying on the back; face upward position of
the body

17. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-17
Anatomical directional terminology
• Dorsal
– relating to the back; being or
located near, on, or toward the
back, posterior part, or upper
surface of
• Ventral
– relating to the belly or abdomen,
on or toward the front, anterior
part of

18. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-18
Anatomical directional terminology
• Volar
– relating to palm of the hand or sole of the
foot
• Plantar
– relating to the sole or undersurface of the
foot

19. Objectives of the Course
• To have an adequate knowledge &
understanding of all large muscle groups to know
how to strengthen, improve, & maintain these
parts of human body.
• should not only know how & what to do in
relation to conditioning & training but also know
why specific exercises are done to improve &
maintain these parts of human body.
• To be able to handle anyone through human
body movement observation.
• To be able to study anyone through their body
movement.

20. Objectives of the Course
• To enhance the knowledge on human
movement technique
• To promote understanding on human
body framework.
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-20

21. Relevance of the Course
• It will help the ITS students to know
different human body movements.
• It will help to know how to handle
different suspects based on their body
language.
• It will help to be able to handle some of
the injury occurrence in the field
• It will help to do qualitative analysis of
suspects body movement.
• It will also help to handle some body
physical challenges in the field.

22. Relevance of the Course
• It will help to do accurate analysis of
human movement quantitatively and
qualitatively
• It will help to foster the knowledge on
human body capacity and potential
• The knowledge of Kinesiology aids the
learning of Artificial Intelligence.
1-22

23. End
of
Lecture
Thank you

24. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-24
Web Sites
Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials:
www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/index.htm
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/skeleton_anat
omy.shtml
– Describes each bone and allows viewing of each from
different angles
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/3djigsaw_
02/index.shtml?skeleton
– Allows interactive placement of bone and joint structures.

25. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-25
Web Sites
BBC Science & Nature
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_
socket_joint.shtml
– Describes each type of joint and allows viewing of how the joint
moves within the body.
University of Michigan Learning Resource Center, Hypermuscle:
Muscles in action
www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.html#flex
– Describes each motion and allows viewing of the motion
performed.
Articulations
http://basic-anatomy.net/
– A thorough discussion of the articulations

26. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-26
Web Sites
Foss Human Body
http://sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/pages/bones.html
– An interactive site which allows assembly of the skeleton
Functions of the Skeletal System
http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit3_1_bone_fun
ctions.html
– Several pages with information on bone tissue, bone
development and growth, and the joints
Wireframe Skeleton
www.2flashgames.com/f/f-220.htm
– Move around the skeleton's limbs arms legs body and make it
do funny things
Skeletal system
www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
– Pictures of dissected bones and their anatomical landmarks

27. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-27
Web Sites
Articulations
www.douglas.bc.ca/biology/project/articulations/
– Details all of the joint types with pictures and review questions
eSkeletons Project
www.eskeletons.org/
– An interactive site with a bone viewer showing the morphology,
origins, insertions, and articulations of each bone
ExRx Articulations
www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.html
– Detailed common exercises demonstrating movements of each
joint and listing the muscles involved
Skeleton Shakedown
www.harcourtschool.com/activity/skel/skel.html
– Help put a disarticulated skeleton back together

28. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-28
Web Sites
Human Anatomy Online
www.innerbody.com/image/skelfov.html
– Interactive skeleton labeling
KLB Science Department Interactivities
www.klbschool.org.uk/interactive/science/skeleton.htm
– Skeleton labeling exercises
Introductory Anatomy: Joints
www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/lectures/anatomy4.html
– Notes on joint articulations
The Interactive Skeleton
www.pdh-odp.co.uk/skeleton.htm
– Point and click to detailed skeletal illustrations
Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton
www.rad.washington.edu/radanat/
– X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks

29. © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-29
Web Sites
Radiographic Anatomy of the Skeleton
www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htm
– X-rays with and without labels of bony landmarks
Virtual skeleton
www.uwyo.edu/RealLearning/4210qtvr.html
– A 3-dimensional human osteology with Quicktime movies of
each bone
Skeleton: The Joints
www.zoology.ubc.ca/~biomania/tutorial/bonejt/outline.htm
– Point and click to detailed joint illustrations
Forensic Anthropology
http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/skeleton.pdf
– A detailed discussion of skeletal anthropology with excellent
pictures of dissected bones