What would you recommend as first line therapy for a 68 y/o woman with local pancreatic cancer and no metastatic disease with ECOG-1?
Chemoradiation: Rachna Shroff, MD
Surgical Resection: Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, MD
The document summarizes a clinical trial comparing FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) to gemcitabine as first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer. The trial showed FOLFIRINOX resulted in significantly higher response rates, longer progression-free survival and overall survival, though it also had more grade 3/4 adverse events. Based on these results, the document concludes FOLFIRINOX is a new standard first-line treatment for patients with good performance status.
1. Management of carcinoma of the pancreas involves staging and treatment based on whether the cancer is resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, or metastatic.
2. For resectable disease, surgery with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is recommended.
3. Borderline resectable disease may be treated with neoadjuvant therapy to potentially make the tumor resectable followed by surgery.
4. Locally advanced and unresectable disease can be treated with chemotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy.
This document discusses treatment approaches for nonmetastatic locally advanced, borderline resectable, and potentially resectable exocrine pancreatic cancer. It recommends initial chemotherapy, often with gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX, for locally advanced unresectable disease. For those who do not progress on chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation using infusional 5-FU is suggested. The evidence for benefit of chemoradiation over radiation alone is reviewed, though data is limited. Oral fluoropyrimidines may substitute for infusional 5-FU as a radiation sensitizer.
Principles of radiotherapy in gastric carcinomaAnil Gupta
This document discusses principles of radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma. It summarizes that post-operative radiotherapy can reduce local recurrence rates after surgery for gastric cancer, although no survival benefit has been proven. Newer radiation techniques like IMRT and VMAT may further reduce doses to organs-at-risk compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy. Pre-operative radiotherapy can also improve resectability in some inoperable cases.
How the role of radiotherapy has evaluated in pancreatic cancer. Now it has become indispensable for treatment in pancreatic cancer. Radiotherapy can be used in the form of EBRT/SBRT/IORT.
- Pathological examination of rectal cancer specimens after total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery or pre-operative chemoradiotherapy can provide important prognostic information and assess treatment response. This includes evaluating the circumferential resection margin (CRM) and quality of mesorectal excision.
- A close or positive CRM is a strong predictor of local recurrence. Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy can reduce but not eliminate CRM involvement. The plane of surgery and tumour characteristics also impact local recurrence risk.
- Assessing tumour regression grade after chemoradiotherapy allows prediction of survival and recurrence. A good regression grade correlates with improved outcomes.
Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Dimitris P. KorkolisDimitris P. Korkolis
This document discusses pancreatic cancer and surgical treatment options. It begins with an overview of stage-specific survival rates, with the highest being 24.1 months for stage I or II cancers that are resected. It then discusses criteria for determining if a tumor is resectable, borderline resectable, or locally advanced. For borderline resectable tumors, it presents a classification system and data showing improved outcomes for patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy and resection compared to unresected patients. The document also reviews surgical techniques for venous resection if needed during pancreatectomy and presents survival data supporting this approach.
The document summarizes a clinical trial comparing FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) to gemcitabine as first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer. The trial showed FOLFIRINOX resulted in significantly higher response rates, longer progression-free survival and overall survival, though it also had more grade 3/4 adverse events. Based on these results, the document concludes FOLFIRINOX is a new standard first-line treatment for patients with good performance status.
1. Management of carcinoma of the pancreas involves staging and treatment based on whether the cancer is resectable, borderline resectable, locally advanced, or metastatic.
2. For resectable disease, surgery with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is recommended.
3. Borderline resectable disease may be treated with neoadjuvant therapy to potentially make the tumor resectable followed by surgery.
4. Locally advanced and unresectable disease can be treated with chemotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy.
This document discusses treatment approaches for nonmetastatic locally advanced, borderline resectable, and potentially resectable exocrine pancreatic cancer. It recommends initial chemotherapy, often with gemcitabine or FOLFIRINOX, for locally advanced unresectable disease. For those who do not progress on chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiation using infusional 5-FU is suggested. The evidence for benefit of chemoradiation over radiation alone is reviewed, though data is limited. Oral fluoropyrimidines may substitute for infusional 5-FU as a radiation sensitizer.
Principles of radiotherapy in gastric carcinomaAnil Gupta
This document discusses principles of radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma. It summarizes that post-operative radiotherapy can reduce local recurrence rates after surgery for gastric cancer, although no survival benefit has been proven. Newer radiation techniques like IMRT and VMAT may further reduce doses to organs-at-risk compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy. Pre-operative radiotherapy can also improve resectability in some inoperable cases.
How the role of radiotherapy has evaluated in pancreatic cancer. Now it has become indispensable for treatment in pancreatic cancer. Radiotherapy can be used in the form of EBRT/SBRT/IORT.
- Pathological examination of rectal cancer specimens after total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery or pre-operative chemoradiotherapy can provide important prognostic information and assess treatment response. This includes evaluating the circumferential resection margin (CRM) and quality of mesorectal excision.
- A close or positive CRM is a strong predictor of local recurrence. Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy can reduce but not eliminate CRM involvement. The plane of surgery and tumour characteristics also impact local recurrence risk.
- Assessing tumour regression grade after chemoradiotherapy allows prediction of survival and recurrence. A good regression grade correlates with improved outcomes.
Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Dimitris P. KorkolisDimitris P. Korkolis
This document discusses pancreatic cancer and surgical treatment options. It begins with an overview of stage-specific survival rates, with the highest being 24.1 months for stage I or II cancers that are resected. It then discusses criteria for determining if a tumor is resectable, borderline resectable, or locally advanced. For borderline resectable tumors, it presents a classification system and data showing improved outcomes for patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy and resection compared to unresected patients. The document also reviews surgical techniques for venous resection if needed during pancreatectomy and presents survival data supporting this approach.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomaDr.Bhavin Vadodariya
This randomized controlled trial compared neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery to upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. It found that the neoadjuvant treatment approach significantly improved 2-year survival rates compared to upfront surgery. Specifically, the 2-year survival rate was 40.7% for the neoadjuvant group versus 26.1% for the upfront surgery group. The neoadjuvant approach also resulted in a higher R0 resection rate and median overall survival of 21 months compared to 12 months for upfront surgery. However, both approaches had similar recurrence rates, with most recurrences being systemic.
Gastric cancer debate adjuvant chemoradiotherapyMohamed Abdulla
This document summarizes a presentation on adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for gastric cancer. It discusses key facts about gastric cancer incidence and survival rates. It reviews clinical trials like Intergroup 0116 and ARTIST that showed improved survival with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with positive lymph nodes or incomplete nodal dissection. The presentation concludes that multimodal treatment including surgery and adjuvant therapy is superior to single modality treatment, and that radiation therapy may improve outcomes for patients with intestinal-type cancer and positive lymph nodes.
Pancreatic Cancer Are We Moving Forward Yetfondas vakalis
This summary provides an overview of key findings from studies presented at the 2007 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium on treatments for pancreatic cancer:
1) A phase III trial found that adding bevacizumab to gemcitabine did not improve survival for advanced pancreatic cancer.
2) A phase II study showed promising results for cetuximab plus gemcitabine/oxaliplatin, with a high response rate and tolerable toxicity.
3) Population-based analyses found adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery and chemo-radiotherapy improved survival outcomes for pancreatic cancer.
Role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced carcinomaDr.Neelam Ahirwar
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) aims to downstage disease and increase resection rates for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Several trials have shown mixed results. Some found NACRT improved survival rates and resection margins compared to surgery alone, while others found no survival benefit or increased postoperative mortality with NACRT. Recent meta-analyses found NACRT increased histopathological responses and R1 resection rates but not overall survival. The optimal neoadjuvant treatment regimen remains controversial, and further studies are still needed.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is commonly used to treat rectal cancer. It can reduce the tumor size and increase the likelihood of sphincter-sparing surgery. Studies have shown that preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in lower local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, without increasing distant metastases or mortality. Short-course radiotherapy followed by surgery within a week is also effective at reducing local recurrence compared to surgery alone, especially when combined with total mesorectal excision.
1) Radiation therapy alone is not very effective for treating esophageal cancer and results in less than 10% 5-year survival. Concurrent chemoradiation provides better outcomes with 30% 5-year survival.
2) Trials of pre-operative chemoradiation show improved local control and survival compared to surgery alone. Post-operative radiation improves local control for partially resected tumors.
3) For definitive chemoradiation, 50-50.4Gy is standard with concurrent chemotherapy. Higher radiation doses do not provide additional benefits.
The document discusses several topics related to colorectal cancer including hereditary forms, staging, treatment with surgery and targeted therapies. It presents two case studies, one with a family history of colon cancer who was found to have a genetic mutation, and another with a locally advanced rectal tumor treated with preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery.
Management of patients with primary colorectal cancer andYuvaraj Karthick
This document discusses the management of patients with primary colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver (synchronous liver metastasis). It notes that approximately 15% of colorectal cancer patients have synchronous liver metastasis at diagnosis. While sequential resection of the primary tumor and liver lesions is typically used, some patients may benefit from simultaneous or liver-first resection approaches. The selection of chemotherapy regimens and use of targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies can help convert initially unresectable disease to resectable. With aggressive treatment including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and surgical resection, long-term survival of over 30% is possible even in patients with initially extensive liver metastasis. Close postoperative surveillance is important to detect early recurrence that may be amenable to
This document discusses treatment options for gastric cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It covers various lymph node dissection classifications (D0-D2) and their roles in different stages of disease. Adjuvant therapies like chemotherapy and chemoradiation are recommended after surgery to improve survival outcomes. Perioperative and postoperative chemotherapy are supported by clinical trials to be beneficial in resectable gastric cancer.
A 71-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging showed a mass in the pancreatic body involving nearby vessels. This represents locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or chemoradiation to help control symptoms and prolong survival, though the prognosis remains poor. Surgery may be considered if the tumor significantly shrinks with neoadjuvant therapy.
Gastric cancer discussion slides final version.pptnew.pptzoezettemarc
1) Peri-operative chemotherapy with ECX before and after surgery improves overall survival compared to surgery alone in resectable gastric cancer based on the MAGIC trial.
2) The ACTS-GT trial showed adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy improves 3-year survival compared to observation alone after D2 gastrectomy for stage II-III gastric cancer.
3) Combination chemotherapy improves survival over best supportive care alone in advanced gastric cancer, with regimens including anthracyclines and cisplatin or oxaliplatin showing better efficacy.
- Neoadjuvant therapy, or preoperative therapy, has several advantages over upfront surgery for pancreatic cancer. It guarantees all patients receive non-surgical therapy, helps select patients most suitable for effective surgery based on their response, and allows for early cytotoxic effects on micrometastatic disease.
- Some key benefits are that it ameliorates risks of postoperative complications limiting adjuvant therapy, downstages borderline resectable tumors in about a third of cases, and improves surgical margin clearance and time to local recurrence.
- Treatment decisions should be individualized based on a comprehensive analysis of a patient's tumor anatomy, biology and physiology at each phase to optimize outcomes. Neoadjuvant therapy is an
This document discusses several studies on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. It summarizes the MAGIC trial which found that platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved 5-year survival by 6% compared to surgery alone. It also discusses the ACCORD 07 trial which found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to higher R0 resection rates and improved disease-free survival compared to surgery alone. Finally, it summarizes the STOPEROPCHEM trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery to surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer. The document concludes that a multidisciplinary team approach is positive and perioperative chemotherapy can induce downstaging, increase R0 resection rates, and improve disease-free and overall survival
Ntc dr muthusamy bridge to surgery talk final 6 18MUCINGroup
This document discusses endoscopic evaluation and staging of pancreatic cancer. It begins by outlining the algorithm for evaluating suspected pancreatic cancer with CT/MRI and EUS. Key questions after detecting a pancreatic mass include determining resectability and predicting tumor stage. Stages are defined as resectable, borderline, locally advanced, and metastatic based on criteria such as vascular involvement. Examples of EUS images illustrating resectable, locally advanced, and borderline resectable cancers are provided. The document concludes that neoadjuvant therapy is increasingly used for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and requires durable biliary drainage during treatment.
Gastric cancer contouring panel discussion, icc 2017Ashutosh Mukherji
This document provides guidance on contouring for gastric cancers receiving radiotherapy. It discusses:
1) When radiotherapy is indicated such as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, radical or palliative settings.
2) How to define the clinical target volume to include the stomach bed, regional lymph nodes depending on tumor location, and organs at risk like the kidneys, liver and bowel loops.
3) The simulation protocol including patient positioning, CT imaging and capturing essential structures to aid treatment planning.
4) Guidance on target volume margins, overlap with organs at risk and using motion management techniques to improve target coverage and reduce normal tissue doses.
Journal club TACE vs SBRT in Hepatocellular carcinomaAnil Gupta
This study compared outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 1-2 tumors. SBRT resulted in superior local control compared to TACE. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups. Freedom from in-liver progression was significantly higher with SBRT. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 13% with TACE and 8% with SBRT. Larger and prospective studies are still needed to validate these findings.
The document discusses recommendations from the St Gallen EORTCTreatment Conference for primary rectal cancer.
Key points include:
- MRI is the preferred method for pre-therapeutic staging of rectal cancer to assess T and N categories.
- Risk stratification separates patients into low, intermediate, and high risk based on MRI and clinical findings.
- For intermediate risk T3N0 mid-rectal cancers, preoperative short-course radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone may be sufficient.
- Preoperative long-course chemoradiation is generally recommended for locally advanced or node-positive cancers to downstage the tumor.
- Adjuvant chemotherapy is not routinely recommended after preoperative chem
This document summarizes key findings from several studies on the treatment of rectal cancer with radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. It finds that preoperative chemoradiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or no radiotherapy, with increased acute and late toxicity. Several large trials showed no difference in overall survival between treatment groups. Optimal patient selection and a balance between risk reduction and side effects are important considerations.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomaDr.Bhavin Vadodariya
This randomized controlled trial compared neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery to upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. It found that the neoadjuvant treatment approach significantly improved 2-year survival rates compared to upfront surgery. Specifically, the 2-year survival rate was 40.7% for the neoadjuvant group versus 26.1% for the upfront surgery group. The neoadjuvant approach also resulted in a higher R0 resection rate and median overall survival of 21 months compared to 12 months for upfront surgery. However, both approaches had similar recurrence rates, with most recurrences being systemic.
Gastric cancer debate adjuvant chemoradiotherapyMohamed Abdulla
This document summarizes a presentation on adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for gastric cancer. It discusses key facts about gastric cancer incidence and survival rates. It reviews clinical trials like Intergroup 0116 and ARTIST that showed improved survival with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with positive lymph nodes or incomplete nodal dissection. The presentation concludes that multimodal treatment including surgery and adjuvant therapy is superior to single modality treatment, and that radiation therapy may improve outcomes for patients with intestinal-type cancer and positive lymph nodes.
Pancreatic Cancer Are We Moving Forward Yetfondas vakalis
This summary provides an overview of key findings from studies presented at the 2007 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium on treatments for pancreatic cancer:
1) A phase III trial found that adding bevacizumab to gemcitabine did not improve survival for advanced pancreatic cancer.
2) A phase II study showed promising results for cetuximab plus gemcitabine/oxaliplatin, with a high response rate and tolerable toxicity.
3) Population-based analyses found adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery and chemo-radiotherapy improved survival outcomes for pancreatic cancer.
Role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced carcinomaDr.Neelam Ahirwar
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) aims to downstage disease and increase resection rates for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Several trials have shown mixed results. Some found NACRT improved survival rates and resection margins compared to surgery alone, while others found no survival benefit or increased postoperative mortality with NACRT. Recent meta-analyses found NACRT increased histopathological responses and R1 resection rates but not overall survival. The optimal neoadjuvant treatment regimen remains controversial, and further studies are still needed.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is commonly used to treat rectal cancer. It can reduce the tumor size and increase the likelihood of sphincter-sparing surgery. Studies have shown that preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in lower local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone, without increasing distant metastases or mortality. Short-course radiotherapy followed by surgery within a week is also effective at reducing local recurrence compared to surgery alone, especially when combined with total mesorectal excision.
1) Radiation therapy alone is not very effective for treating esophageal cancer and results in less than 10% 5-year survival. Concurrent chemoradiation provides better outcomes with 30% 5-year survival.
2) Trials of pre-operative chemoradiation show improved local control and survival compared to surgery alone. Post-operative radiation improves local control for partially resected tumors.
3) For definitive chemoradiation, 50-50.4Gy is standard with concurrent chemotherapy. Higher radiation doses do not provide additional benefits.
The document discusses several topics related to colorectal cancer including hereditary forms, staging, treatment with surgery and targeted therapies. It presents two case studies, one with a family history of colon cancer who was found to have a genetic mutation, and another with a locally advanced rectal tumor treated with preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery.
Management of patients with primary colorectal cancer andYuvaraj Karthick
This document discusses the management of patients with primary colorectal cancer that has spread to the liver (synchronous liver metastasis). It notes that approximately 15% of colorectal cancer patients have synchronous liver metastasis at diagnosis. While sequential resection of the primary tumor and liver lesions is typically used, some patients may benefit from simultaneous or liver-first resection approaches. The selection of chemotherapy regimens and use of targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies can help convert initially unresectable disease to resectable. With aggressive treatment including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and surgical resection, long-term survival of over 30% is possible even in patients with initially extensive liver metastasis. Close postoperative surveillance is important to detect early recurrence that may be amenable to
This document discusses treatment options for gastric cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. It covers various lymph node dissection classifications (D0-D2) and their roles in different stages of disease. Adjuvant therapies like chemotherapy and chemoradiation are recommended after surgery to improve survival outcomes. Perioperative and postoperative chemotherapy are supported by clinical trials to be beneficial in resectable gastric cancer.
A 71-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. Imaging showed a mass in the pancreatic body involving nearby vessels. This represents locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or chemoradiation to help control symptoms and prolong survival, though the prognosis remains poor. Surgery may be considered if the tumor significantly shrinks with neoadjuvant therapy.
Gastric cancer discussion slides final version.pptnew.pptzoezettemarc
1) Peri-operative chemotherapy with ECX before and after surgery improves overall survival compared to surgery alone in resectable gastric cancer based on the MAGIC trial.
2) The ACTS-GT trial showed adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy improves 3-year survival compared to observation alone after D2 gastrectomy for stage II-III gastric cancer.
3) Combination chemotherapy improves survival over best supportive care alone in advanced gastric cancer, with regimens including anthracyclines and cisplatin or oxaliplatin showing better efficacy.
- Neoadjuvant therapy, or preoperative therapy, has several advantages over upfront surgery for pancreatic cancer. It guarantees all patients receive non-surgical therapy, helps select patients most suitable for effective surgery based on their response, and allows for early cytotoxic effects on micrometastatic disease.
- Some key benefits are that it ameliorates risks of postoperative complications limiting adjuvant therapy, downstages borderline resectable tumors in about a third of cases, and improves surgical margin clearance and time to local recurrence.
- Treatment decisions should be individualized based on a comprehensive analysis of a patient's tumor anatomy, biology and physiology at each phase to optimize outcomes. Neoadjuvant therapy is an
This document discusses several studies on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. It summarizes the MAGIC trial which found that platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved 5-year survival by 6% compared to surgery alone. It also discusses the ACCORD 07 trial which found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to higher R0 resection rates and improved disease-free survival compared to surgery alone. Finally, it summarizes the STOPEROPCHEM trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery to surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer. The document concludes that a multidisciplinary team approach is positive and perioperative chemotherapy can induce downstaging, increase R0 resection rates, and improve disease-free and overall survival
Ntc dr muthusamy bridge to surgery talk final 6 18MUCINGroup
This document discusses endoscopic evaluation and staging of pancreatic cancer. It begins by outlining the algorithm for evaluating suspected pancreatic cancer with CT/MRI and EUS. Key questions after detecting a pancreatic mass include determining resectability and predicting tumor stage. Stages are defined as resectable, borderline, locally advanced, and metastatic based on criteria such as vascular involvement. Examples of EUS images illustrating resectable, locally advanced, and borderline resectable cancers are provided. The document concludes that neoadjuvant therapy is increasingly used for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and requires durable biliary drainage during treatment.
Gastric cancer contouring panel discussion, icc 2017Ashutosh Mukherji
This document provides guidance on contouring for gastric cancers receiving radiotherapy. It discusses:
1) When radiotherapy is indicated such as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, radical or palliative settings.
2) How to define the clinical target volume to include the stomach bed, regional lymph nodes depending on tumor location, and organs at risk like the kidneys, liver and bowel loops.
3) The simulation protocol including patient positioning, CT imaging and capturing essential structures to aid treatment planning.
4) Guidance on target volume margins, overlap with organs at risk and using motion management techniques to improve target coverage and reduce normal tissue doses.
Journal club TACE vs SBRT in Hepatocellular carcinomaAnil Gupta
This study compared outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 1-2 tumors. SBRT resulted in superior local control compared to TACE. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the groups. Freedom from in-liver progression was significantly higher with SBRT. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 13% with TACE and 8% with SBRT. Larger and prospective studies are still needed to validate these findings.
The document discusses recommendations from the St Gallen EORTCTreatment Conference for primary rectal cancer.
Key points include:
- MRI is the preferred method for pre-therapeutic staging of rectal cancer to assess T and N categories.
- Risk stratification separates patients into low, intermediate, and high risk based on MRI and clinical findings.
- For intermediate risk T3N0 mid-rectal cancers, preoperative short-course radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone may be sufficient.
- Preoperative long-course chemoradiation is generally recommended for locally advanced or node-positive cancers to downstage the tumor.
- Adjuvant chemotherapy is not routinely recommended after preoperative chem
This document summarizes key findings from several studies on the treatment of rectal cancer with radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. It finds that preoperative chemoradiotherapy reduces local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy or no radiotherapy, with increased acute and late toxicity. Several large trials showed no difference in overall survival between treatment groups. Optimal patient selection and a balance between risk reduction and side effects are important considerations.
This document provides an overview of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy strategies for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. It summarizes results from several key clinical trials evaluating different chemotherapy regimens in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. It also discusses ongoing trials investigating newer treatment approaches for resectable and borderline resectable disease.
Targeted therapy in frontline treatment of advanced ovarian cancer sep18Rajib Bhattacharjee
Targeted therapy in frontline treatment of ovarian cancer
The GOG 218 trial showed that adding bevacizumab to carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy followed by bevacizumab maintenance therapy significantly improved progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. Updated results found an overall survival benefit as well. The ICON7 trial found no significant improvement in overall survival with the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy, though there was a progression-free survival benefit seen in the high-risk subgroup. Ongoing research continues to evaluate additional targeted agents in the frontline setting to improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer.
This document discusses evidence-based management of rectal malignancy. It provides an overview of preoperative staging for rectal cancer, TNM staging criteria, the importance of total mesorectal excision surgery, and the role of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy based on randomized controlled trials. For locally advanced rectal cancer, it reviews evidence that preoperative radiation therapy with chemotherapy provides benefits of downstaging and reduced local recurrence compared to postoperative treatment.
This document discusses the management of early stage breast carcinoma. It covers the work up, types of surgery including lumpectomy and mastectomy, reconstructive options, complications of surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, radiotherapy techniques including whole breast irradiation and boost to tumor bed, and partial breast irradiation methods like intraoperative radiation therapy. It provides guidelines on indications for radiotherapy and highlights several large randomized trials investigating radiotherapy after lumpectomy and breast conservation surgery.
The document discusses adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment options for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including targeted therapies. It notes that localized RCC may be treated with adjuvant therapy after nephrectomy or neoadjuvant therapy to downsize tumors before surgery. Several ongoing clinical trials are investigating adjuvant targeted therapies for RCC. Neoadjuvant targeted therapies aim to downsize or downstage primary tumors but may also accelerate metastasis, and there is no way to predict individual responses. Outcomes of cytoreductive nephrectomy combined with targeted therapy in metastatic RCC depend on prognostic risk factors.
1. The document discusses studies comparing adjuvant radiation therapy to salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients with adverse pathological features after radical prostatectomy.
2. The EORTC 22911 trial randomized over 1000 patients to either observation or adjuvant radiation and found significantly improved biochemical progression-free survival with adjuvant radiation.
3. Other large trials including SWOG and ARO 96-02 also found benefits to adjuvant radiation in reducing risks of biochemical recurrence, distant metastases and death from prostate cancer.
Selective Use Of Postoperative Radiotherapy AftEr MastectOmyfondas vakalis
The SUPREMO trial aims to determine whether postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves outcomes for women with early-stage breast cancer with 1-3 positive lymph nodes. The trial will randomize approximately 3,500 patients to receive either chest wall irradiation or no chest wall irradiation after mastectomy and systemic therapy. The primary outcome is overall survival, with secondary outcomes including disease-free survival, acute/late morbidity, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Results from previous trials suggest PMRT may reduce locoregional recurrence and improve survival, especially for those with more positive nodes, but more evidence is still needed.
This document discusses the management of carcinoma of the esophagus. It begins by outlining treatment approaches for localized versus metastatic disease, including definitive and palliative therapies. It then reviews the evolution of esophageal cancer treatment, including non-surgical approaches using radiation therapy alone or combined modality therapy, as well as surgical treatments. Several studies evaluating different treatment regimens are summarized, including the benefits of concurrent chemoradiation therapy over radiation alone. The role of preoperative chemoradiation is discussed. Techniques for radiation therapy delivery are also outlined. The document concludes by discussing palliative care approaches for esophageal cancer patients.
This document summarizes the treatment landscape for ovarian cancer. It discusses standard first-line treatment options including platinum-based chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel, as well as the importance of adequate surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible. It also reviews several phase 3 clinical trials investigating the addition of angiogenesis inhibitors like bevacizumab to chemotherapy regimens. Trials like ICON7 and GOG 218 found improved progression-free survival when bevacizumab was added to first-line treatment. For recurrent disease, bevacizumab was also found to improve outcomes when added to chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive patients based on studies like OCEANS and GOG-213. Residual
The document summarizes recent developments in the treatment of rectal cancer. It notes that standard therapy involving total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation leads to permanent ostomy in 25% of patients and late toxicity. New studies are exploring non-operative management for patients who achieve a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy, with similar survival outcomes but higher rectal preservation rates compared to surgery. Biomarkers such as dMMR status and neuroendocrine histology may help personalize treatment approaches for rectal cancer patients.
- A pathologist discusses factors that can help predict prostate cancer pathologic stage before surgery, including PSA levels, Gleason score on biopsy, percentage of biopsy cores involved with cancer, and clinical stage. Nomograms using these factors can estimate likelihood of organ-confined disease or extracapsular extension.
- Repeat biopsy may help identify patients initially classified as low risk who actually have higher risk disease. Those with upgraded disease on repeat biopsy tended to have higher grade and stage cancers identified during prostatectomy.
- Transition zone cancers may be missed on standard biopsy but detected with targeted biopsies of this area. Identifying these tumors preoperatively is important for predicting pathologic features.
The document discusses treatment options for a 66-year-old man from Nigeria diagnosed with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The man was treated initially with induction chemotherapy consisting of a PF regimen, followed by concurrent chemoradiation with gemcitabine and radiotherapy, achieving a partial response. The document then outlines general treatment modalities and strategies for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer.
The document discusses treatment options for a 66-year-old man from Nigeria diagnosed with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The man was treated initially with induction chemotherapy consisting of a PF regimen, followed by concurrent chemoradiation with gemcitabine and radiotherapy, achieving a partial response. The document then outlines general treatment modalities and strategies for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer.
Preoperative Radiotherapy In Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomafondas vakalis
1. The study analyzed 56 patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas treated with preoperative radiotherapy using 3D planning with CT simulation to define optimal treatment volumes.
2. Margins of 1-1.5cm radially and 3.5cm longitudinally around the gross tumor resulted in adequate coverage for most patients. Positive margins were associated with higher risk of local failure.
3. Acceptable wound complication rates were observed, related to factors like volume of resected specimen and presence of diabetes. The defined volumes appear appropriate for preoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcomas.
This study analyzed national trends in lymph node dissection (LND) utilization for resectable gallbladder cancer and its impact on outcomes between 2006-2015 using a large national database. The key findings were:
1) LND rates increased slightly over time but remained underutilized, with only 59.1% of patients with pT1b-T3 disease receiving LND.
2) LND was associated with improved survival for patients with pT1b, pT2 and pT3 disease. The highest LND rates and overall survival occurred at academic/research centers.
3) LND improved outcomes by enabling more accurate staging and increasing the likelihood of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, especially for those with
This document discusses a clinical case presentation of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Key details include that the patient previously underwent nephrectomy and radiation therapy and is now being discussed for systemic therapy options. The document reviews several clinical trials evaluating different combination regimens for first-line and subsequent lines of treatment in mRCC. Factors like prognostic risk categories and biomarkers are discussed for guiding treatment selection. The merits and limitations of different studies are evaluated.
Dr. Paul Sabbatini: Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Now What? (SHARE Program)bkling
On May 22, 2013, SHARE presented "Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Now What?" The program featured Dr. Ginger Gardner and Dr. Paul Sabbatini of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center discussing treatment strategies, as well as new approaches and agents, for managing an ovarian cancer recurrence. Listen to the audio here http://www.sharecancersupport.org/sabbatini.
The information in this presentation is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Cyclin D1 plays a direct role in DNA repair by interacting with proteins involved in homologous recombination. It was found to directly interact with and help recruit RAD51 to DNA damage sites, facilitating efficient DNA repair. Cyclin D1 also interacts with the C-terminus of BRCA2, helping recruit RAD51 by preventing inhibitory phosphorylation of BRCA2 by cyclin A/CDK2. Depletion of cyclin D1 impairs RAD51 focus formation and homologous recombination after DNA damage. These findings establish a novel function of cyclin D1 in promoting accurate DNA repair through homologous recombination.
This document summarizes a presentation on controversies in hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. It discusses 4 topics: 1) Whether resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma should be resected or treated with orthotopic liver transplantation, 2) How to treat node-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, 3) Options for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 4) Managing large hepatocellular carcinoma in early cirrhosis. For each topic, one or more case examples are described and various treatment approaches are outlined and discussed. Supporting data from studies on outcomes with different strategies are also presented.
- Extended waiting time of more than 8 weeks between neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer resulted in higher rates of R0 resection and pathologic complete response compared to surgery within 8 weeks in a retrospective study. However, timing of full dose adjuvant chemotherapy may be delayed with longer waiting periods.
- Local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation or non-operative "wait and see" approaches may enable organ preservation in some patients who achieve a clinical complete response. However, accurate assessment of response can be challenging and long-term oncologic outcomes require further study.
Chemoradiation therapy followed by local excision may be comparable to radical surgery for selected rectal cancer patients under certain circumstances. Studies have shown chemoradiation followed by local excision results in a pathological complete response rate of around 40-50% for cT2 tumors. For patients who achieve a complete response, the risk of local recurrence after local excision alone is very low at 0-2%. For non-responders, salvage radical surgery results in good outcomes with local recurrence rates of 50-70% after salvage surgery. This organ preservation approach offers advantages of reduced treatment related toxicity compared to radical surgery. However, long term follow up data is still needed and patient selection is important for success.
This document provides an overview of cholangiocarcinoma, a rare and deadly form of cancer. It discusses risk factors and increasing incidence rates. For localized disease, surgical resection is standard but outcomes remain poor. For advanced disease, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment based on results from the ABC-02 trial showing improved survival with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Retrospective data on second-line therapies and combination of pazopanib and trametinib show some benefit. Adding radiation therapy may also improve outcomes based on another retrospective review. Next generation sequencing is helping identify molecular alterations to guide targeted therapy trials. Ongoing clinical trials at MD Anderson include testing new
Immunotherapy shows promise for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors. MSI-H tumors have a higher number of mutations and immune cell infiltrate that make them more visible to immunotherapy. Clinical trials have found response rates of 30-40% for pembrolizumab in metastatic MSI-H CRC patients. Ongoing trials are exploring combination therapies targeting immune checkpoints like PD-1 and CTLA-4 for MSI-H CRC. Immunotherapy may provide an effective treatment option for this patient subgroup.
Surgical Approach to Non Small Cell Lung Cancerspa718
1) Surgery is still the mainstay of curative treatment for NSCLC, though diagnostic role has decreased with less invasive techniques preferred if doubt remains after needle biopsies.
2) Pre-operative assessment is key to determine operability and extent of surgery. N2 involvement means surgery is not recommended initially.
3) Lobectomy is the standard resection but sublobar options are available for selected patients based on cardiopulmonary reserve and disease characteristics like small GGO lesions. Pneumonectomy should be avoided with sleeve lobectomy preferred.
4) Minimally invasive surgery like VATS is becoming the preferred approach over thoracotomy for select patients when oncologic principles can be maintained
Radiation therapy plays an evolving role in the treatment of lung cancer beyond just causing DNA double strand breaks.
1) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can provide curative treatment for early stage lung cancer with high local control rates.
2) For locally advanced lung cancer, dose escalation with conventional fractionation in RTOG 0617 did not improve overall survival, highlighting the importance of fractionation and sequencing with other therapies.
3) Radiation induces tumor cell death that can elicit anti-tumor immune responses, known as abscopal effects, especially when combined with immunotherapy like anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1/PDL1 agents which play complementary roles.
Update on Management of Triple Negative Breast Cancerspa718
This document provides an update on the management of triple negative breast cancer from Dr. Banu Arun at MD Anderson Cancer Center. It discusses that triple negative breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of several molecular subtypes with different characteristics and potential treatment targets. Clinical trials exploring chemotherapy regimens, platinum agents, PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, and immunotherapies are summarized. Ongoing research aims to better define the subtypes in order to personalize treatment for triple negative breast cancer patients.
Technical Advances in radiotherapy for Lung (and liver) Cancerspa718
This document summarizes recent technical advances in radiotherapy for lung and liver cancer, including: 4DCT imaging to account for tumor motion; motion management techniques like gating and breath-holding; intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to improve dose conformity; image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to reduce margins and enable adaptations; and proton therapy which may further reduce normal tissue dose due to its physical properties, though proton techniques are still evolving to address motion and anatomical changes. The document outlines the benefits and challenges of each technique through examples and studies.
Controversies in Surgical Approach to Breast Cancerspa718
This document discusses several controversies in surgical approaches to breast cancer:
1. Detecting small lesions in women with dense breast tissue using mammography alone may be inadequate, and supplemental tests like ultrasound or MRI may improve detection rates.
2. For patients with early-stage breast cancer and positive sentinel lymph nodes, axillary lymph node dissection may not always be necessary, especially for those receiving breast-conserving surgery and radiation based on studies like ACOSOG Z0011 and AMAROS.
3. The use of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) following breast-conserving surgery remains controversial, as some studies have found higher local recurrence rates compared to whole breast radiation, though recurrence risks may
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors that target proteins like PD-1 and PD-L1 has shown promise in treating lung cancer. A study presented at ASCO 2015 found that treatment with the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab resulted in improved survival for NSCLC patients with higher levels of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells compared to docetaxel chemotherapy. Another study showed nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, improved survival over docetaxel as a treatment for advanced non-squamous NSCLC after chemotherapy, with greater benefit seen in patients with higher PD-L1 expression levels. These results suggest PD-L1 expression can help identify
This document summarizes several presentations from the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting regarding breast cancer research. Key findings include:
1) The MARIANNE study found that the combination of trastuzumab emtansine and pertuzumab was more effective for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer than trastuzumab and taxane chemotherapy.
2) The PALOMA-3 trial demonstrated that adding palbociclib to fulvestrant improved progression-free survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
3) The TITAN study found no significant difference in disease-free or overall survival between the
This document summarizes advances in radiotherapy for breast cancer over the past 50 years. It discusses how radiotherapy combined with surgery and systemic therapies has improved local control and survival outcomes. Modern techniques like 3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy can reduce acute side effects compared to older 2D techniques. Ongoing research is exploring hypofractionated whole breast irradiation and accelerated partial breast irradiation to reduce treatment time. Large trials are still needed to establish optimal radiotherapy approaches.
This document discusses research on using regulatory T cells (Tregs) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Key points include:
1) Tregs show promise in controlling GVHD while retaining the graft-versus-leukemia effect in mouse models of allogeneic HCT.
2) Studies demonstrate that higher levels of Tregs early after HCT in patients correlate with less severe acute GVHD.
3) Researchers have developed methods to successfully expand Tregs from umbilical cord blood (CB) through CD25 selection and CD3/CD28 bead stimulation while maintaining a functional
The document discusses immunotherapy strategies for multiple myeloma. It summarizes that while current therapies have improved survival, most patients still relapse. It then reviews several immunotherapeutic approaches including allogeneic stem cell transplantation, vaccination strategies targeting antigens like MAGE and idiotype, dendritic cell-based vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies targeting proteins like CS1, CD38, and CD138. Emerging cellular immunotherapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and natural killer cells targeting myeloma antigens are also discussed. Clinical trials of these approaches demonstrate feasibility and some early signs of efficacy but also highlight ongoing challenges to further improve outcomes.
This document discusses immunotherapy for lymphomas, specifically chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. It provides an overview of CAR-T development and studies in adults with B-cell lymphomas. It describes identification and management of toxicities from CAR-T therapy such as cytokine release syndrome and neurologic symptoms. The document also summarizes current CAR studies targeting CD19 and discusses unmet needs in CAR-T research such as improving efficacy, antigens, and decreasing tumor immunosuppression.
This document discusses individualized allogeneic immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after low toxicity conditioning. It notes that while allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) is an effective treatment for AML, toxicity remains a major issue. Low toxicity conditioning is achievable and important for older/unfit patients, but low toxicity does not mean only reduced intensity - disease control is still critical. Individualized conditioning may be needed to balance low toxicity with adequate disease control. The document advocates for personalized, optimized allo HSCT approaches tailored to patient, disease, and donor factors to further improve outcomes of AML patients.
This document summarizes recent updates on the treatment of acute lymphoblastic lymphoma from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Hematology Association conferences. It discusses:
1) Long-term data showing the combination of dasatinib and chemotherapy can achieve long-term remissions in Philadelphia chromosome-positive adults.
2) New chemotherapy regimens including rituximab that achieved high one-year remission rates in trials for frontline ALL treatment.
3) The use of blinatumomab, a bispecific antibody, to achieve high remission rates in patients with minimal residual disease after frontline therapy.
4) Several new trials combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors like nilot
1) Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can be performed in elderly patients aged 60 years and older with hematological malignancies.
2) A prospective study of 75 patients aged 60-70 years who received a reduced-intensity conditioning allo-HSCT found 2-year overall survival of 36% and non-relapse mortality of 9%.
3) Outcomes can be improved by careful patient selection considering factors like age, comorbidities, disease risk, and through tailored conditioning regimens and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
1. PREOPERATIVE THERAPY
FOR RESECTABLE
PANCREATIC CANCER
R AC H N A S H ROF F , MD , MS
A S S I S T A N T P ROF E S SOR ,
D E P T OF GI ME D I CA L ONCOLOGY
M. D . A N D E R SON CA NCE R CE N T E R
R S H ROF F@MD A N D E R SON .ORG
A U B HO 2 0 1 4
2. PANCREATIC CANCER SURVIVAL BY
STAGE/TREATMENT
n 5-yr OS (%)
Median OS
(Mos.)
Adjusted HR
(95% CI)
Resectable -> OR 2736 24.6 19.3
Resectable -> No OR 3644 2.9 8.4 2.24 (2.07 – 2.43)
Stage III or IV 68521 0.8 4.2 4.16 (3.86 – 4.48)
Billimoria, Ann Surg 2007
3. LOCAL DISEASE STAGING
Potentially
Resectable
Borderline
Resectable*
Locally
Advanced
SMV-PV T-V-I < 180º
T-V-I ≥ 180º and / or
reconstructable occlusion
Unreconstructable
Occlusion
SMA No T-V-I T-V-I < 180º T-V-I ≥ 180º
CHA No T-V-I
Reconstructable
short-segment
T-V-I of any degree
Unreconstructable
Celiac
Trunk
No T-V-I T-V-I < 180º T-V-I ≥ 180
*, Intergroup Definition; T-V-I: tumor-vessel interface
4. CONKO-001
Oettle, JAMA 2007
DFS with surgery alone: DISMAL
DFS with postoperative gemcitabine: BETTER
5. EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF ADJUVANT
THERAPY
Trial Year n Treatment arm Control arm
Median OS (mos)
(treatment v. control)
Systemic gemcitabine +/- CXRT is standard postoperative therapy
p
GITSG 1985 43
5-FU-based
chemoradiation followed
by maintenance 5-FU
Observation 21.0 v. 10.9 0.03
EORTC 1999 114
5-FU-based
chemoradiation
Observation 17.1 v. 12.6 NS
ESPAC-1 2001 541 Chemotherapy No chemotherapy 19.7 v. 14.0 < 0.01
Chemoradiation No chemoradiation 15.5 v. 16.1 NS
ESPAC-1 2004 289 Chemotherapy No chemotherapy 20.1 v. 15.5 < 0.01
Chemoradiation No chemoradiation 15.9 v. 17.9 0.05
CONKO 2008 368 Gemcitabine Observation 22.8 v. 20.2 0.005
RTOG
97-04
2008 388
Gemcitabine, 5-FU-based
chemoradiation,
Gemcitabine
5-FU, 5-FU-based
chemoradiation, 5-FU
20.5 v. 16.9 NS
6. Oettle, JAMA 2007
CONKO-001
3-year DFS: 24%
DFS with adjuvant therapy for the “best of the best”
Let’s face it: also pretty dismal.
Median age: 61
Median PS: 80
Postop CA 19-9:
< 2.5 ULN
Median time to
randomization: 3
weeks
Most rec in year 1-2
7. RATIONALE FOR NEOADJUVANT
THERAPY
• Provides immediate therapy for subclinical mets
• All resected patients get multimodality therapy
• Patient selection for surgery
• Oncologic issues
• Performance status
• Enhancement of R0 resection
8. OCCULT MICROSCOPIC METASTASES
Rapid recurrence common following “radical” resection +/- postop therapy due to
existing disease that is not dealt with surgically
Van den Broeck, E J Surg Onc 2009
9. ADJUVANT VS. NEOADJUVANT
THERAPY
Recovery
4-8 weeks
S CTX +/- CXRT (~6 months)
Presentation with PDAC
OR S
Dropout
S CTX +/- CXRT on/off protocol (2 – 6 months) S OR
The goal is eradication of microscopic disease – local and distant
10. Series (Year) N Margin Status %
Median OS
(Mos.)
p
Johns Hopkins
(2006)
1175
R1/R2 42 14
< 0.0001
R0 58 20
University of Leeds
- UK (2006)
26
R1 85 11
0.01
R0 15 37
ESPAC -1 (2001) 541
R1 19 11
0.006
R0 81 17
University of
Naples - Italy
(2000)
75
R1/R2 20 9
0.001
R0 80 26
Rush-Presbyterian-
St. Luke's (1999)
75
R1 29 8
0.01
R0 71 17
MGH (1993) 72
R1/R2 51 12
0.05
R0 49 20
At least macroscopically complete resection is critical to OS
11. WHAT IS RESECTABLE PANCREATIC
CANCER?
• Absence of
extrapancreatic
disease
• Tissue plane
between tumor and
SMA/CA
• Patent SMV-PV
confluence
2
3
1
T
V
A
Criteria yield high rates of microscopically complete (R0) resection
12. Concordance Coefficient 0.07 (95% CI: 0.02 – 0.13)
The SMA margin distance is routinely overestimated by preoperative CT
Overestimated Underestimated
RADIOLOGY:PATHOLOGY
13. SMA margin distance measured histopathologically following
SMA Margin
Distance
N
pancreaticoduodenectomy
(n = 194)
Preop CXRT
(n = 147)
Initial Surgery
(n = 47)
p*
Positive 8 3 (2) 5 (11)
0.01
≤1mm 40 28 (19) 12 (26)
>1mm < 1cm 72 53 (36) 19 (40)
≥1cm 66 57 (39) 9 (19)
Preop CXRT associated with longer SMA margin distance even though include all patients
with borderline resectable disease
* Not recorded in 8 patients
14. TIME TO LOCAL RECURRENCE
Neoadjuvant
Local recurrence from dartmouth
Greer, JACS 2008
Neodjuvant
P = 0.03
Adjuvant
Preoperative CXRT prolongs time to LR