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This document discusses different types of pile foundations that can be used for building construction projects. It describes preformed concrete piles that come in various sizes and can be percussion driven into place, with the number of locks varying depending on the pile size. Partially preformed piles are also discussed, which are composite piles of precast concrete combined with in-situ concrete or steel and in-situ concrete. These piles are suitable for medium to large contracts where bored piles would not work due to issues like running water or loose soils.
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This document discusses beams and columns used in building construction. It defines a beam as a horizontal structural element that withstands loads primarily by resisting bending. Beams carry and transfer transverse loads across supporting elements like columns. Concrete beams can be classified as T-beams, L-beams, or rectangular beams based on their cross-sectional shape. The document also outlines a 5-step process for constructing columns involving setting up wooden panels and forms, pouring cement inside to form the column shape, and allowing the concrete to cure and harden over 28 days.
18 superstructure2.compressed
This document discusses different types of columns used in ancient and modern construction. It describes three main column types from ancient Greece and Rome - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - as well as modern column materials like reinforced concrete and steel. Details are provided on structural elements of columns, how they transmit weight from above to below, and common column shapes and construction methods.
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The document discusses superstructures and load-bearing walls in building construction. It defines a superstructure as an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline, such as the buildings, bridges, or ships. It also defines a load-bearing wall as a wall that bears the load resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure, and that concrete, block, or brick are most often used for load-bearing walls in large buildings.
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The document discusses pile caps for building foundations. Piles are often grouped together and linked with reinforced concrete caps, which can also be connected by ground beams, as it is more economical than using piles singly. The pile caps distribute and transfer the building loads from the piles to the ground.
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Pad foundations are designed to support high loads over a limited area and have a rectangular shape. Raft foundations are designed to float on poor ground and distribute heavy local loads to reduce the pressure on the ground, which is useful for low bearing capacity soils. Slab foundations involve excavation, laying binding concrete, and casting reinforced concrete.
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The document discusses types of foundations for building construction projects. It describes shallow foundations including strip foundations, which are long continuous concrete strips buried in the ground to provide support for linear loads. The main function of any foundation is to safely sustain and transmit building loads like dead, imposed, and wind loads to the ground without causing settlement or movement that could damage the structure or compromise its stability.
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The document outlines the 10 step process for building construction including: 1) excavation to the desired level, 2) laying a concrete base, 3) preparing formwork, 4) placing spacer blocks, 5) laying main reinforcing bars, 6) adding transverse rebar, 7) erecting reinforcement for stumps, 8) adding more ties to formwork, 9) laying concrete into the formwork, and 10) dismantling formwork after curing of the concrete. It also mentions pad foundations.
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The diagram shows the external sewerage system works which includes roof drain connections, drain foundations, and road drainage all linked to a main sewer pipe buried underground. Setting out the sewer pipe requires excavating the correct gradient and laying the pipe underground. The external works include manhole covers and frames to service the system as well as gutters and underground pipes collecting and channeling water to the main sewer pipe carrying water out of the housing area.
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The document discusses soil filling and the setting out process for building construction. A loader is used to transfer and fill soil to create a flat site for building, since the land is initially sloped. The loader has a versatile bucket to load and fill soil where needed. The setting out process involves establishing the building line, frontage line, two right angles to the frontage line, and final back line. Pegs and string lines are then used to mark the building outline.
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This document discusses setting out for building construction projects. Setting out establishes marks and lines to define the position and level of construction elements so that work can proceed with reference to them. Common equipment used in setting out includes theodolites and reference pegs. Theodolites are electronic devices used to accurately measure vertical and horizontal angles, which is essential for large construction projects. Reference pegs are hammered into the ground to mark alignments and road levels.
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This document provides information about a residential housing project located in Kajang, Selangor called SK Villa. The project consists of 16 2-story shop-office houses and 10 2-story semi-detached houses, begun in January 2014 and expected to be completed in November 2015. It is being developed by VCS Properties Sdn Bhd Group with architectural design by E.H. Lim Architect and main contractor VCS Builders Sdn Bhd.
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This document outlines the contents of a construction project, including an introduction, site and safety plans, external work like setting and earthwork, foundation types and construction processes, superstructure elements like beams, columns, slabs, walls and staircases, doors and windows, roof types and construction processes, and references sections with summaries and cited sources. The document provides information over several chapters on the various elements of the construction site, foundation, and superstructure for the project.
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This document provides the names and student IDs of 7 students enrolled in the Building Construction 1 course (ARC1523) at the university. The project title is listed as "Documentation and Analysis" and the names and student IDs listed are the members of the student group working on this project.
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This document provides references for a building construction project documentation and analysis prepared by Nuraiman Shakir, student ID 0311759. The references relate to architectural drawings and documents for Project 1 under the subject BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION1ARC1523.
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- 1. BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION1ARC1523 PROJECT1:DOCUMENTATIONANDANALYSIS PREPAREDBY:WONGPEAKKY(1101A13474) 13 PILEDFOUNDATIONS: Thesecanbedefinedasaseriesofcolumnsconstructedorinsertedintothegroundtotransmittheloadsofastructuretoalowerlevelofsubsoil.Piledfoundationscanbeusedwhen suitablefoundationconditionsarenotpresentatoruneconomic. PreformedConcretepiles: Varietyoftypesavailablewhicharegenerallyusedonmedium tolargecontractsofnotlessthanonehundredpileswheresoftsoildepositsoverlieafirmerstrata. Thesepilesarepercussiondrivenusingadroporsingleactinghammer. Piledimension(mm) PossibleNo.oflocksperjoint 250x250,300x300, 4 350x350and400x400 350x350,400x400 and450x450 8 Partiallypreformedpiles:Thesearecompositespilesofprecastconcreteandin-situconcreteorsteelandin-situconcrete.Thesepercussiondrivenpilesareusedonmedium to largecontractswhereboredpileswouldnotbesuitableowingtorunningwaterorveryloosesoils.largecontractswhereboredpileswouldnotbesuitableowingtorunningwaterorveryloosesoils. 4.1FOUNDATION