The document is a quiz on the autonomic nervous system covering its anatomy, receptors, effects, and control. It contains 25 multiple choice questions testing knowledge about the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, including their roles in regulating functions like heart rate, digestion, and sweating. The final question asks which condition seen in elderly is due to problems with the sympathetic rather than parasympathetic nervous system.
The document provides an overview of the urinary system including:
1) The gross anatomy of the kidneys and nephrons, including structures like the renal medulla, renal cortex, renal columns, renal sinus, ureters, and calyces.
2) The process of filtration through the glomerulus and nephron, including factors that influence glomerular filtration rate.
3) The role of renal tubules in reabsorbing nutrients and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance as urine is formed.
This document presents a case study of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with nausea, lower back pain, and right abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a 5.4mm kidney stone in her right kidney based on abdominal sonography. Laboratory tests including a complete blood count, urine analysis, and biochemistry were performed. The patient was prescribed medications including Cystone, Zenflox UTI, Zerodolspas, Ranidom, and Aristozyme to treat the kidney stone and associated symptoms along with counseling on diet and lifestyle changes. Drug interactions between the prescribed medications were also noted.
The document is a chapter about joints that contains questions and answers about the classification and types of joints in the human body. It discusses the main types of joint classification, characteristics of synovial joints like the joint cavity, and specific synovial joints like the shoulder, hip, and knee. The chapter contains information about different types of synovial joints including ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints. It also reviews the movements that occur at various joints in the body.
The document contains a quiz on the central nervous system covering topics like brain anatomy, physiology, higher brain functions, protection mechanisms, and the spinal cord. It includes over 50 multiple choice questions across these topics with explanations of the answers. The questions test knowledge of areas like the lobes of the cerebrum, parts of the brainstem, sensory and motor pathways, memory systems, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and spinal cord anatomy.
The document discusses the muscular system through a quiz format. It covers topics like muscle origins, insertions, actions, and classifications. Muscle names and functions are tested in questions about the deltoid, trapezius, triceps, biceps, abdominals, and other muscle groups. Joints and bones are described as levers, with questions about first, second and third class levers. Fascicle patterns and muscle shapes are also addressed.
1. This document provides multiple choice questions and answers related to respiratory system diseases.
2. It covers topics like pulmonary tuberculosis, community acquired pneumonia, lung cancers, asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and occupational lung diseases.
3. The questions assess knowledge on clinical presentation, investigations, diagnosis and management of various respiratory conditions.
This document contains a review of the cardiovascular system and the heart, including heart anatomy, blood flow through the heart, heart conduction, the cardiac cycle, and cardiac output and control. It covers topics like the layers of the heart, heart valves, heart sounds, the conduction system, phases of the cardiac cycle, and factors that influence cardiac output. Multiple choice questions are included under each section for self-testing.
The document is a quiz about the integumentary system (skin). It consists of multiple choice questions organized into sections on the epidermis, dermis, accessory glands, and hair and nails. The questions test knowledge of the layers of the skin, components and functions of the epidermis and dermis, types of glands, and structures associated with hair and nails.
The document provides an overview of the urinary system including:
1) The gross anatomy of the kidneys and nephrons, including structures like the renal medulla, renal cortex, renal columns, renal sinus, ureters, and calyces.
2) The process of filtration through the glomerulus and nephron, including factors that influence glomerular filtration rate.
3) The role of renal tubules in reabsorbing nutrients and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance as urine is formed.
This document presents a case study of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with nausea, lower back pain, and right abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a 5.4mm kidney stone in her right kidney based on abdominal sonography. Laboratory tests including a complete blood count, urine analysis, and biochemistry were performed. The patient was prescribed medications including Cystone, Zenflox UTI, Zerodolspas, Ranidom, and Aristozyme to treat the kidney stone and associated symptoms along with counseling on diet and lifestyle changes. Drug interactions between the prescribed medications were also noted.
The document is a chapter about joints that contains questions and answers about the classification and types of joints in the human body. It discusses the main types of joint classification, characteristics of synovial joints like the joint cavity, and specific synovial joints like the shoulder, hip, and knee. The chapter contains information about different types of synovial joints including ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints. It also reviews the movements that occur at various joints in the body.
The document contains a quiz on the central nervous system covering topics like brain anatomy, physiology, higher brain functions, protection mechanisms, and the spinal cord. It includes over 50 multiple choice questions across these topics with explanations of the answers. The questions test knowledge of areas like the lobes of the cerebrum, parts of the brainstem, sensory and motor pathways, memory systems, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and spinal cord anatomy.
The document discusses the muscular system through a quiz format. It covers topics like muscle origins, insertions, actions, and classifications. Muscle names and functions are tested in questions about the deltoid, trapezius, triceps, biceps, abdominals, and other muscle groups. Joints and bones are described as levers, with questions about first, second and third class levers. Fascicle patterns and muscle shapes are also addressed.
1. This document provides multiple choice questions and answers related to respiratory system diseases.
2. It covers topics like pulmonary tuberculosis, community acquired pneumonia, lung cancers, asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and occupational lung diseases.
3. The questions assess knowledge on clinical presentation, investigations, diagnosis and management of various respiratory conditions.
This document contains a review of the cardiovascular system and the heart, including heart anatomy, blood flow through the heart, heart conduction, the cardiac cycle, and cardiac output and control. It covers topics like the layers of the heart, heart valves, heart sounds, the conduction system, phases of the cardiac cycle, and factors that influence cardiac output. Multiple choice questions are included under each section for self-testing.
The document is a quiz about the integumentary system (skin). It consists of multiple choice questions organized into sections on the epidermis, dermis, accessory glands, and hair and nails. The questions test knowledge of the layers of the skin, components and functions of the epidermis and dermis, types of glands, and structures associated with hair and nails.
The document discusses the classification, histology, structure, development and homeostasis of bones. It provides questions and answers about the key parts and features of bones, including that long bones have a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses ends, compact bone is made of osteons, and bone development involves osteoblasts building bone matrix that is then mineralized. Homeostasis of bones relies on a balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and vitamins such as vitamin D are important for bone health.
This case study describes a 35-year-old male patient admitted with gastroenteritis. Laboratory tests revealed elevated white blood cell count and stool culture growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis, confirming bacterial gastroenteritis. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics, anticholinergics, antipyretics and probiotics. He showed improvement and was discharged on oral medications including antibiotics, antacids and antiemetics with counseling on diet and hydration.
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important subjects of the 21st century. With the potential to cause nearly $100 trillion in damage to the world health and economy, the issue of infections untreatable by modern antibiotics is one that leaves many concerned and looking for answers.
What’s even more concerning is the scarce, almost empty antibiotic pipeline. Between 1935 and 1968, there were over 15 new classes of antibiotics developed, since 2000, there have only been 3. We all know why this is the case: antibiotic development is not only risky, it also does not have a viable ROI.
In response, the US government provided the GAIN Act which provide waived fees and market exclusivity. Federal funding awarded through NIAID and BARDA are also available to alleviate the high cost of development, making antibiotic development lucrative and attractive to pharma and biotech.
Private funding agencies such as Wellcome Trust, IMI and ARLG have also come up with plans to provide relief.
But are these enough?
- See more at: http://goo.gl/f2AYmE
This document provides information about muscle tissues in the human body. It discusses the anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers and their organization into fascicles. It describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, how calcium ions trigger the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. It also covers muscle metabolism and the different pathways that generate ATP during muscle contraction. The document concludes with characteristics of smooth muscle fibers and how they contract through calcium binding to calmodulin rather than troponin.
This document contains a quiz on topics related to the nervous system, including nervous tissue histology, membrane potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters, and other fundamentals. It asks multiple choice questions on these topics and provides explanations for the answers. The questions cover topics such as the cells involved in myelination, ion gradients during resting potentials, the phases of action potentials, and classifications of neurotransmitters.
This document describes three case studies in gastroenterology:
1. A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Imaging showed gallstone obstruction and cholecystitis. He underwent ERCP for gallstone removal and stent placement, and was referred for cholecystectomy.
2. A 75-year-old woman presented with GI bleeding. Endoscopy revealed a bleeding duodenal ulcer, which was treated.
3. A 52-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis presented with worsening jaundice and ascites. He had signs of decompensated liver disease and alcohol withdrawal. Management included ascitic tap, IV thiamine
The document appears to be a quiz on the skeletal system organized into sections on cranial bones, facial bones, vertebrae and thorax, upper limb, lower limb, and a final round. It contains questions and answers about various bones and bone features in a multiple choice format with the goal of testing knowledge of bone names, locations, and characteristics.
The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity chapter discusses:
1) Sensory receptors that detect stimuli and nerves that transmit this information to the central nervous system.
2) The peripheral nervous system includes nerves, ganglia, and cranial and spinal nerves.
3) Reflex arcs involve sensory receptors, sensory neurons, integration in the central nervous system, motor neurons, and effector organs in rapid automatic responses to stimuli.
This document summarizes a clinical meeting discussing a 60-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent upper abdominal pain over the past 2 years. Examination findings included tenderness and guarding in the epigastrium. Investigations revealed elevated serum lipase, anemia, and ultrasound findings suggestive of chronic pancreatitis. The provisional diagnosis was chronic pancreatitis, with differential diagnoses of chronic cholecystitis or peptic ulcer disease. CT scan and laboratory results confirmed the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis due to pancreatic calculi, complicated by iron deficiency anemia.
This document outlines the steps for taking a patient's medical history and performing a physical examination. It discusses obtaining details about the patient's name, age, sex, religion, and other demographic information. It describes assessing the chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical history, associated conditions, personal habits, and family history. The physical examination section covers inspecting, palpating, percussing, and auscultating different body systems. It provides guidance on the general survey, local examination, and focused examination of head/neck, chest, abdomen, extremities, and external genitalia. The goal is to gather all relevant health information to form a provisional diagnosis.
This document provides questions and answers related to renal system BCQs (board certification questions). It covers topics like nephrotic syndrome, renal stones, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, prostate issues, and renal cancers. The questions are in multiple choice format and cover definitions, presentations, investigations, management options, and other clinical aspects of various kidney-related diseases.
Growth and development Internal exam.pdfNeerajOjha17
This document is an internal assessment on growth and development from October 17, 2022 with 50 total marks. It consists of 25 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark each (25 marks total) and 5 short answer questions worth 5 marks each (25 marks total). The multiple choice questions cover topics like PICA disorder, thumb sucking, dental eruption timing, autism screening tools, temperament, growth rates, and developmental milestones. The short answer questions ask about defining growth and development, bone age estimation, the developmental origin of adult diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and approaching a child with developmental delays.
1. A 14-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and vomiting and was diagnosed with acute appendicitis based on examination and ultrasound findings of an inflamed appendix.
2. She underwent an open appendectomy with spinal anesthesia and was treated post-operatively with IV and oral antibiotics and analgesics.
3. Her condition improved over her 4-day hospital stay and she was discharged on oral medications with instructions to follow-up as needed.
The document contains questions and answers about muscle anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structure of skeletal muscle including sarcomeres, myofibrils and connective tissues. It also addresses the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction including the roles of calcium, ATP and troponin. Additional sections cover muscle contraction mechanics, energy systems and smooth muscle characteristics.
Krok 1 - 2015 Question Paper (Stomatology)Eneutron
1. Mastoiditis has resulted from untreated middle ear inflammation, causing an abscess to erupt into the sternocleidomastoid muscle bed. This pathological process is located in the lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae cervical fascia.
2. Examination of a 22-year-old patient revealed a destroyed medial tubercle on the cutting edge of the right maxillary first molar, which is called the paracone.
3. Alveolar bleeding was detected following extraction of the maxillary second premolar, likely caused by damage to the anterior superior alveolar artery.
The document contains 35 multiple choice questions about various pathological processes and diagnoses based on autopsy and biopsy findings. The questions cover topics like tumors, infections, inflammatory conditions and their pathological features found during examination of tissues and organs.
Krok 2 - 2013 Question Paper (General Medicine)Eneutron
A 28-year-old patient has been experiencing infertility for 4 years of marriage with regular unprotected sex. Examination showed normal genitals and tubal patency but basal body temperature recordings over 3 cycles showed a single phase, indicating anovulatory cycles. The most likely cause of infertility is an anovulatory menstrual cycle.
This document presents the case of a 10-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with recurrent illnesses over the past few months. His symptoms included fever, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of taste, and tingling/numbness. His medical history revealed previous episodes of bleeding and fits. Laboratory tests found macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B12 levels. Based on his strict vegetarian diet and symptoms, he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. Treatment with vitamin B12 injections led to improvement of his symptoms and normalization of red blood cell levels on follow up testing.
The patient, a 40-year old female, presented with fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and shortness of breath. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 100°F, low blood pressure and rapid pulse and breathing. Laboratory tests showed anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low protein, sodium and potassium levels. Ultrasound showed minimal free fluid in the abdomen. She was diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis with anemia, likely caused by a bacterial infection. Her treatment plan included antibiotics, antiemetics, analgesics and potassium supplementation to normalize her symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. She received counseling on diet, hygiene and medication adherence to prevent further complications.
Mr. Y, a 20-year-old male, presented with sudden sharp abdominal pain on the right lower quadrant for several hours. His symptoms included vomiting and a high pain rating. On examination, he had guarding and tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Tests showed an elevated white blood cell count. He was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent an open appendectomy. During surgery, his appendix was found to be inflamed. He was treated post-operatively with antibiotics and pain medication.
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary body functions. It describes the anatomy and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and increases heart rate and respiration. The parasympathetic division acts to conserve energy and increases digestion. Control of the ANS is centered in the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei.
This document contains a series of questions and answers about nervous tissue and the nervous system. It covers topics like nervous system histology, membrane and action potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters and integration. Some of the key points addressed include the types of neuroglial cells, where Nissl bodies and synaptic knobs are located, how myelin sheaths are produced, how the resting membrane potential is maintained, what occurs during an action potential, the roles of the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, and examples of different classes of neurotransmitters.
The document discusses the classification, histology, structure, development and homeostasis of bones. It provides questions and answers about the key parts and features of bones, including that long bones have a diaphysis shaft and epiphyses ends, compact bone is made of osteons, and bone development involves osteoblasts building bone matrix that is then mineralized. Homeostasis of bones relies on a balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and vitamins such as vitamin D are important for bone health.
This case study describes a 35-year-old male patient admitted with gastroenteritis. Laboratory tests revealed elevated white blood cell count and stool culture growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis, confirming bacterial gastroenteritis. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics, anticholinergics, antipyretics and probiotics. He showed improvement and was discharged on oral medications including antibiotics, antacids and antiemetics with counseling on diet and hydration.
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important subjects of the 21st century. With the potential to cause nearly $100 trillion in damage to the world health and economy, the issue of infections untreatable by modern antibiotics is one that leaves many concerned and looking for answers.
What’s even more concerning is the scarce, almost empty antibiotic pipeline. Between 1935 and 1968, there were over 15 new classes of antibiotics developed, since 2000, there have only been 3. We all know why this is the case: antibiotic development is not only risky, it also does not have a viable ROI.
In response, the US government provided the GAIN Act which provide waived fees and market exclusivity. Federal funding awarded through NIAID and BARDA are also available to alleviate the high cost of development, making antibiotic development lucrative and attractive to pharma and biotech.
Private funding agencies such as Wellcome Trust, IMI and ARLG have also come up with plans to provide relief.
But are these enough?
- See more at: http://goo.gl/f2AYmE
This document provides information about muscle tissues in the human body. It discusses the anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers and their organization into fascicles. It describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, how calcium ions trigger the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. It also covers muscle metabolism and the different pathways that generate ATP during muscle contraction. The document concludes with characteristics of smooth muscle fibers and how they contract through calcium binding to calmodulin rather than troponin.
This document contains a quiz on topics related to the nervous system, including nervous tissue histology, membrane potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters, and other fundamentals. It asks multiple choice questions on these topics and provides explanations for the answers. The questions cover topics such as the cells involved in myelination, ion gradients during resting potentials, the phases of action potentials, and classifications of neurotransmitters.
This document describes three case studies in gastroenterology:
1. A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Imaging showed gallstone obstruction and cholecystitis. He underwent ERCP for gallstone removal and stent placement, and was referred for cholecystectomy.
2. A 75-year-old woman presented with GI bleeding. Endoscopy revealed a bleeding duodenal ulcer, which was treated.
3. A 52-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis presented with worsening jaundice and ascites. He had signs of decompensated liver disease and alcohol withdrawal. Management included ascitic tap, IV thiamine
The document appears to be a quiz on the skeletal system organized into sections on cranial bones, facial bones, vertebrae and thorax, upper limb, lower limb, and a final round. It contains questions and answers about various bones and bone features in a multiple choice format with the goal of testing knowledge of bone names, locations, and characteristics.
The peripheral nervous system and reflex activity chapter discusses:
1) Sensory receptors that detect stimuli and nerves that transmit this information to the central nervous system.
2) The peripheral nervous system includes nerves, ganglia, and cranial and spinal nerves.
3) Reflex arcs involve sensory receptors, sensory neurons, integration in the central nervous system, motor neurons, and effector organs in rapid automatic responses to stimuli.
This document summarizes a clinical meeting discussing a 60-year-old female patient presenting with recurrent upper abdominal pain over the past 2 years. Examination findings included tenderness and guarding in the epigastrium. Investigations revealed elevated serum lipase, anemia, and ultrasound findings suggestive of chronic pancreatitis. The provisional diagnosis was chronic pancreatitis, with differential diagnoses of chronic cholecystitis or peptic ulcer disease. CT scan and laboratory results confirmed the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis due to pancreatic calculi, complicated by iron deficiency anemia.
This document outlines the steps for taking a patient's medical history and performing a physical examination. It discusses obtaining details about the patient's name, age, sex, religion, and other demographic information. It describes assessing the chief complaints, history of present illness, past medical history, associated conditions, personal habits, and family history. The physical examination section covers inspecting, palpating, percussing, and auscultating different body systems. It provides guidance on the general survey, local examination, and focused examination of head/neck, chest, abdomen, extremities, and external genitalia. The goal is to gather all relevant health information to form a provisional diagnosis.
This document provides questions and answers related to renal system BCQs (board certification questions). It covers topics like nephrotic syndrome, renal stones, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, prostate issues, and renal cancers. The questions are in multiple choice format and cover definitions, presentations, investigations, management options, and other clinical aspects of various kidney-related diseases.
Growth and development Internal exam.pdfNeerajOjha17
This document is an internal assessment on growth and development from October 17, 2022 with 50 total marks. It consists of 25 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark each (25 marks total) and 5 short answer questions worth 5 marks each (25 marks total). The multiple choice questions cover topics like PICA disorder, thumb sucking, dental eruption timing, autism screening tools, temperament, growth rates, and developmental milestones. The short answer questions ask about defining growth and development, bone age estimation, the developmental origin of adult diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and approaching a child with developmental delays.
1. A 14-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and vomiting and was diagnosed with acute appendicitis based on examination and ultrasound findings of an inflamed appendix.
2. She underwent an open appendectomy with spinal anesthesia and was treated post-operatively with IV and oral antibiotics and analgesics.
3. Her condition improved over her 4-day hospital stay and she was discharged on oral medications with instructions to follow-up as needed.
The document contains questions and answers about muscle anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structure of skeletal muscle including sarcomeres, myofibrils and connective tissues. It also addresses the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction including the roles of calcium, ATP and troponin. Additional sections cover muscle contraction mechanics, energy systems and smooth muscle characteristics.
Krok 1 - 2015 Question Paper (Stomatology)Eneutron
1. Mastoiditis has resulted from untreated middle ear inflammation, causing an abscess to erupt into the sternocleidomastoid muscle bed. This pathological process is located in the lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae cervical fascia.
2. Examination of a 22-year-old patient revealed a destroyed medial tubercle on the cutting edge of the right maxillary first molar, which is called the paracone.
3. Alveolar bleeding was detected following extraction of the maxillary second premolar, likely caused by damage to the anterior superior alveolar artery.
The document contains 35 multiple choice questions about various pathological processes and diagnoses based on autopsy and biopsy findings. The questions cover topics like tumors, infections, inflammatory conditions and their pathological features found during examination of tissues and organs.
Krok 2 - 2013 Question Paper (General Medicine)Eneutron
A 28-year-old patient has been experiencing infertility for 4 years of marriage with regular unprotected sex. Examination showed normal genitals and tubal patency but basal body temperature recordings over 3 cycles showed a single phase, indicating anovulatory cycles. The most likely cause of infertility is an anovulatory menstrual cycle.
This document presents the case of a 10-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with recurrent illnesses over the past few months. His symptoms included fever, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of taste, and tingling/numbness. His medical history revealed previous episodes of bleeding and fits. Laboratory tests found macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B12 levels. Based on his strict vegetarian diet and symptoms, he was diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. Treatment with vitamin B12 injections led to improvement of his symptoms and normalization of red blood cell levels on follow up testing.
The patient, a 40-year old female, presented with fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and shortness of breath. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 100°F, low blood pressure and rapid pulse and breathing. Laboratory tests showed anemia, elevated liver enzymes, low protein, sodium and potassium levels. Ultrasound showed minimal free fluid in the abdomen. She was diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis with anemia, likely caused by a bacterial infection. Her treatment plan included antibiotics, antiemetics, analgesics and potassium supplementation to normalize her symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. She received counseling on diet, hygiene and medication adherence to prevent further complications.
Mr. Y, a 20-year-old male, presented with sudden sharp abdominal pain on the right lower quadrant for several hours. His symptoms included vomiting and a high pain rating. On examination, he had guarding and tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Tests showed an elevated white blood cell count. He was diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent an open appendectomy. During surgery, his appendix was found to be inflamed. He was treated post-operatively with antibiotics and pain medication.
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary body functions. It describes the anatomy and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and increases heart rate and respiration. The parasympathetic division acts to conserve energy and increases digestion. Control of the ANS is centered in the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei.
This document contains a series of questions and answers about nervous tissue and the nervous system. It covers topics like nervous system histology, membrane and action potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters and integration. Some of the key points addressed include the types of neuroglial cells, where Nissl bodies and synaptic knobs are located, how myelin sheaths are produced, how the resting membrane potential is maintained, what occurs during an action potential, the roles of the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, and examples of different classes of neurotransmitters.
The document discusses the peripheral nervous system and reflex activity. It covers sensory receptors, nerves and ganglia, cranial and spinal nerves, motor activity and reflex arcs, and spinal reflexes. Multiple choice questions are provided under each section topic testing understanding of concepts like nociceptor function, proprioceptor location, nerve coverings, cranial nerve involvement in facial muscles, and reflex receptor types and functions.
The document describes the peripheral nervous system and reflex activity. It contains questions and answers about various topics including sensory receptors, nerves and ganglia, cranial and spinal nerves, motor activity and reflex arcs, and spinal reflexes. The questions test knowledge in these areas and cover topics such as the types of sensory receptors, characteristics of nerves and ganglia, cranial and spinal nerve functions, reflex arc components and types of reflexes.
This document contains a quiz on topics related to the nervous system, including nervous tissue histology, membrane potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters, and other fundamentals. It asks multiple choice questions on these topics and provides explanations for the answers. The questions cover topics such as the cells involved in myelination, ion gradients at rest, channels involved in the action potential phases, the definition of a synapse, types of neurotransmitters, and more.
This document contains a quiz about the brain and cranial nerves. It includes 50 multiple choice questions divided into sections on the brainstem and diencephalon, cerebrum and cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid, cranial nerves, and a grab bag section. Each question is accompanied by the answer. The document aims to test knowledge of brain and cranial nerve anatomy and functions.
This document contains a series of questions and answers about the fundamentals of the nervous system and nervous tissue. It covers topics like nervous system histology, membrane and action potentials, synapses, neurotransmitters and integration. Some key points addressed include the types of neuroglial cells, where Nissl bodies and synaptic knobs are located, how membranes maintain resting potential, the roles of ions in the action potential process, what occurs at synapses, and classifications of neurotransmitters.
1) The document describes the integration of nervous system functions including sensation, skeletal muscle control, brainstem function, and other brain functions.
2) It provides examples of questions and answers about various topics such as sensory receptors, motor control pathways, brain areas, memory, and more.
3) The questions are from a quiz or game format with multiple choice answers about nervous system topics at different point values.
The document discusses the endocrine system, including endocrine organs such as the pancreas and pituitary gland, hormones they secrete such as insulin and growth hormone, how the system is controlled by negative feedback loops, and pathologies that can result from too much or too little of certain hormones like hypoglycemia and Cushing's disease. It provides questions and answers about these topics in a quiz-like format.
The document discusses the endocrine system through a quiz format. It covers the main endocrine organs like the pituitary, thyroid and pancreas. It also discusses hormones, how the endocrine system is controlled through feedback loops, and pathologies that can result from too much or too little of certain hormones. The quiz questions cover the key topics addressed in each section of the chapter on the endocrine system.
This document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the major sense organs - the eye, ear, taste and smell. It contains multiple choice questions about eye anatomy including the structures of the eye like the cornea, muscles and blood vessels. Questions also cover eye physiology topics such as accommodation, myopia and the role of the lens. The sections about ear anatomy and physiology discuss the structures of the inner, middle and outer ear as well as functions like hearing and balance. Taste and smell receptors are described as are the cranial nerves involved in taste.
This document contains an interactive quiz on the anatomy and physiology of the special senses (eyes, ears, taste and smell). It is divided into sections covering eye anatomy, eye physiology, taste and smell, ear anatomy, and ear physiology. Each section contains 5 multiple choice questions testing understanding of concepts like eye structures, vision processes, taste receptor types, inner ear anatomy, and hearing mechanisms.
This document contains an interactive quiz on the anatomy and physiology of the special senses (eyes, ears, taste and smell). It is divided into sections covering eye anatomy, eye physiology, taste and smell, ear anatomy, and ear physiology. Each section contains 5 multiple choice questions testing understanding of concepts like eye structures, vision processes, taste receptor types, inner ear anatomy, and hearing mechanisms.
This document appears to be a quiz on basic anatomy and physiology concepts. It contains questions and answers about topics like the major body cavities, directional terms, tissues and organs, and other fundamental structural elements of the human body. The questions progress from introductory to more advanced knowledge in a multiple choice question format.
This document provides an overview of the muscular system through a quiz format. It covers topics such as muscle origins, insertions, actions, and classifications. The quiz is divided into sections on introductions to muscles, lever systems, origins, insertions, and actions. It tests knowledge of specific muscles as well as broader concepts in muscle anatomy and physiology.
This document outlines the rules and categories for a palliative care Jeopardy game involving 5 categories (Nausea/Vomiting/Constipation, PQRST Pain Assessment, Pain Pathogenesis, Opioid Facts, and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms) and sample questions in increasing point values under each category. Sample questions test knowledge of medication indications, side effects, pain assessment terminology, and palliative care principles.
This document contains a quiz on different components and functions of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma, hemostasis, and blood types. It is formatted as a game show with questions worth $100-$500 on each topic. For each question, the user selects an answer which is then revealed as correct or incorrect before moving on to the next question. The quiz aims to test knowledge of blood cell production, composition, roles in immunity and oxygen transport, coagulation, and blood group antigens.
The document outlines 5 sections that cover different aspects of the structure and function of the heart: structure of the heart, pathway of blood through the heart and valves, conducting system and innervation, blood supply and disorders, and the heart throughout life. It provides information about the layers of the heart, flow of blood through the chambers and valves, electrical conduction system, coronary arteries and disorders like CAD, and fetal heart development. The sections include questions and answers to test understanding of topics within each area.
The document contains questions and answers about human reproductive anatomy and physiology. It covers topics like male and female reproductive systems, hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and gamete production, and birth processes. The questions are multiple choice and part of a quiz about reproductive systems.
This document provides an overview of cell anatomy, transport processes, organelles, and cell division. It covers topics like the components of the cell membrane, types of transport like diffusion and active transport, structures like mitochondria and lysosomes, and the stages of mitosis and cytokinesis. Multiple choice questions are included throughout to test understanding.
Based on the assessment findings provided, M.H. appears to have developed postoperative pneumonia and ileus.
The crackles heard on auscultation of her lungs along with a fever suggest she has a postoperative pulmonary infection like pneumonia.
Her abdominal tenderness, distension and absence of bowel sounds indicate she has developed an ileus, which is delayed return of normal bowel function and gas/stool movement after surgery. The brownish-green drainage from her NG tube is also consistent with ileus.
This document discusses perioperative nursing care. It describes the various areas of the surgical suite including restricted, semirestricted, and unrestricted areas. It then outlines the roles and responsibilities of the different members of the surgical team, including nurses, surgeons, anesthesiologists and other support staff. It provides details on preoperative preparation of the patient, room and equipment, intraoperative care and positioning of the patient, and postoperative recovery of the patient.
The document describes the presurgical assessment process for a patient undergoing breast lumpectomy. It outlines gathering information on the patient's medical history including cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, genitourinary, hepatic and musculoskeletal systems. It also describes assessing the patient's medications, allergies, psychosocial factors and ensuring informed consent is obtained. The document uses the example of a 45-year-old female with hypertension, diabetes and anxiety about her breast cancer surgery to demonstrate the presurgical assessment.
This document discusses how psychosocial, cultural, and genetic factors can influence pharmacotherapy outcomes. It notes that effective pharmacotherapy requires considering biological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental variables that may impact drug response. Specific influences discussed include spiritual/religious beliefs, ethnicity, culture, literacy levels, and genetic polymorphisms. Gender differences are also outlined, such as varying responses, behaviors, and drug coverage based on sex. The holistic nursing approach of considering all these influences is emphasized for achieving successful pharmacotherapy.
The document discusses drug administration throughout the lifespan. It covers considerations for drug use during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and aging. Key factors that affect pharmacokinetics at different life stages are growth and development changes, organ system changes, and age-related changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding life stage considerations and providing appropriate patient education for safe and effective pharmacotherapy.
This document discusses complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, focusing on herbal supplements. It defines CAM as treatments considered outside mainstream healthcare. Major CAM characteristics include treating each person as an individual and emphasizing mind-body connections. The document reviews various CAM healing methods, common herbal supplements, dietary supplement regulations, and the nurse's role in educating patients about CAM therapies and potential herb-drug interactions. It emphasizes the need for rigorous research on herbal supplement effectiveness and standardization.
This document discusses key concepts in pharmacodynamics including:
1) Pharmacodynamics examines how medicines change the body and helps predict drug effects.
2) Frequency distribution and dose-response curves illustrate variability in individual drug responses.
3) The median effective dose is the dose that produces a therapeutic response in 50% of patients.
4) Drugs can act as agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists at receptor sites to stimulate or inhibit responses.
1. Medication errors are common and can harm patients, increasing costs and negatively impacting facilities. They are caused by factors involving healthcare providers, patients, and systems.
2. It is important to accurately document and report all medication errors to determine root causes and implement strategies to prevent future errors. Reducing distractions, cross-checking orders, and reconciling medications can help reduce errors.
3. Educating patients on their medications also helps reduce errors by empowering them to participate in the medication administration process. Automated systems, electronic records, and updated policies further aim to minimize medication errors.
The document discusses the nursing process as it relates to pharmacology and medication administration. It describes the 5 steps of the nursing process - assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Considerable detail is provided about properly assessing patients, identifying nursing diagnoses related to medication, setting goals and expected outcomes, implementing interventions like medication administration and monitoring, and evaluating the effectiveness of the care plan. The overarching goals of the nursing process in pharmacology are safe and effective medication administration and optimal patient wellness.
This document discusses the key principles of pharmacokinetics - how drugs move through the body. It describes the four main components of pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Absorption involves a drug moving from its site of administration through membranes and into circulation. Distribution is the transport of drugs throughout tissues, influenced by factors like blood flow and binding to plasma proteins. Metabolism biochemically alters drugs in the liver to make them more easily excreted. Excretion primarily occurs through the kidneys which filter drugs out of the bloodstream. Understanding pharmacokinetics helps explain how the body handles medications and any obstacles they may face.
Drugs are organized in two ways: by therapeutic classification based on their clinical effects, and by pharmacologic classification based on their mechanism of action. Drugs have three names - a chemical name assigned by IUPAC, a generic name assigned by the USAN Council, and one or more trade or brand names assigned by the marketing company. Drugs considered to have abuse or addiction potential are scheduled by the DEA into five categories, with Schedule I having the highest abuse potential and Schedule V the lowest. Drugs are also classified based on their teratogenic risk to a fetus from A to X.
1) Pharmacology has its origins in ancient times when various cultures used plants and herbs to treat medical issues. It developed into a distinct discipline in the 19th century with the isolation of active compounds from natural substances and study of their effects.
2) John Jacob Abel established the first pharmacology department in the United States in 1890, advancing the field of modern pharmacology. Regulations and standards for drug development, labeling, and safety have strengthened over time through organizations like the USP and laws.
3) Nurses play a key role in pharmacology due to their direct involvement in patient care across all settings. Understanding how different factors influence individual drug responses is important for safe administration.
This chapter discusses principles of drug administration for nurses. It outlines the nursing process for drug administration including nurse responsibilities such as understanding classifications, actions, side effects, and ensuring safe preparation and administration. Common medication errors are also reviewed. The chapter then covers allergic reactions, the five rights of administration, routes of administration including enteral, topical and parenteral, and special considerations for various types of drug delivery such as transdermal patches, ophthalmic drops, and otic drops. Measurement systems, abbreviations, and documentation requirements are also discussed.
This document summarizes various rheumatic disorders that can cause musculoskeletal dysfunction. It describes osteoarthritis as a local degenerative joint disorder associated with aging that causes joint pain and stiffness. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that can cause joint destruction in multiple symmetrically involved joints. Other systemic disorders discussed include systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout, which involves uric acid crystal deposition in joints. Pediatric joint disorders like juvenile idiopathic arthritis are also reviewed.
This document discusses various types of musculoskeletal trauma, diseases, and alterations. It covers bone fractures, dislocations, infections, tumors, and soft tissue injuries. Specific conditions covered include osteoporosis, rickets, Paget's disease, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, osteosarcoma, ligament injuries, tendon injuries, and muscle strains. Treatment options are provided for many conditions, which may include surgery, antibiotics, chemotherapy, calcium supplements, and physical therapy.
1. The document discusses the pathophysiology of pain, which involves transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of pain signals in the body.
2. Pain signals are transmitted from nociceptors via the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord and brain. Various neurotransmitters are involved at different stages of transmission.
3. Pain perception is influenced by both physical and psychological factors and can be modulated in the brain using various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.
This document summarizes several chronic neurological disorders including seizure disorder, dementia, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Bell's palsy. It describes the key characteristics, causes, symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment approaches for each condition.
This document discusses mechanisms and manifestations of acute brain injury. It covers several topics:
1) Mechanisms of primary and secondary brain injury including ischemia, cellular energy failure, excitatory amino acids, reperfusion injury, abnormal autoregulation, increased intracranial pressure, and brain herniation.
2) Manifestations of brain injury including level of consciousness assessed by Glasgow Coma Scale, pupil reflexes, oculovestibular reflex, and corneal reflex.
3) Traumatic brain injury classifications including mild, moderate and severe injuries, as well as types of primary injuries like focal, polar and diffuse injuries, and intracranial hematomas.
This document discusses common gastrointestinal disorders and their manifestations. It describes different types of dysphagia, including problems with food delivery into the esophagus (Type I), transport down the esophagus (Type II), and entry into the stomach (Type III). Other manifestations covered include heartburn, abdominal pain, vomiting, changes in bowel habits like constipation and diarrhea, and intestinal gas. Causes and symptoms are provided for each manifestation.
1. The document discusses the structure, function, embryology and disorders of the gallbladder and exocrine pancreas.
2. It describes the anatomy of the pancreaticobiliary system including the gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct and pancreas.
3. Key disorders covered include cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and acute pancreatitis. The causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of each are explained.
1. Chapter 14 - The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction ANS Anatomy Receptors Effects of
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
the ANS
Control of the
ANS
$100 $100 $100 $100
$200 $200 $200 $200
$300 $300 $300 $300
$400 $400 $400 $400
$500 $500 $500 $500
FINAL ROUND
2. Introduction:
$100 Question
All of the following are effects of the
sympathetic nervous system except:
a. increase in heart rate
b. increase in digestion
c. increase in respiration
d. increase in
blood pressure
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
3. Introduction:
$100 Answer
All of the following are effects of the
sympathetic nervous system except:
a. increase in heart rate
b. increase in digestion
c. increase in respiration
d. increase in
blood pressure
BACK TO GAME
4. Introduction:
$200 Question
Norepinephrine is secreted by ________.
a. some axons of the voluntary nervous
system
b. some axons of the parasympathetic nervous
system
c. some axons of the sympathetic
nervous system
d. both choices a and b
ANSWER
are correct BACK TO GAME
5. Introduction:
$200 Answer
Norepinephrine is secreted by ________.
a. some axons of the voluntary nervous
system
b. some axons of the parasympathetic nervous
system
c. some axons of the sympathetic
nervous system
d. both choices a and b
are correct BACK TO GAME
6. Introduction:
$300 Question
All of the following statements about the ANS
are true except:
a. the cell bodies of the preganglionic
neurons are in the CNS
b. the autonomic ganglia are in the PNS
c. the autonomic ganglia contain motor
neurons only
d. the presynaptic axons extend
ANSWER
to the effectors BACK TO GAME
7. Introduction:
$300 Answer
All of the following statements about the ANS
are true except:
a. the cell bodies of the preganglionic
neurons are in the CNS
b. the autonomic ganglia are in the PNS
c. the autonomic ganglia contain motor
neurons only
d. the presynaptic axons extend
to the effectors BACK TO GAME
8. Introduction:
$400 Question
All of the following “D”s describe the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system except:
a. digestion
b. defecation
c. diuresis
d. deep breathing
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
9. Introduction:
$400 Answer
All of the following “D”s describe the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous
system except:
a. digestion
b. defecation
c. diuresis
d. deep breathing
BACK TO GAME
10. Introduction:
$500 Question
All of the following “E”s are used to
describe the sympathetic nervous system
except:
a. excitement
b. embarrassment
c. excretion
d. exercise
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
11. Introduction:
$500 Answer
All of the following “E”s are used to
describe the sympathetic nervous system
except:
a. excitement
b. embarrassment
c. excretion
d. exercise
BACK TO GAME
12. ANS Anatomy:
$100 Question
Which of the following statements is true of
the parasympathetic nervous system?
a. the preganglionic fibers are shorter than
the postganglionic fibers
b. the fibers emerge from the brain and
sacral portion of the spinal cord
c. the ganglia lie close to the
spinal cord
d. all of the above statements
ANSWER
are true BACK TO GAME
13. ANS Anatomy:
$100 Answer
Which of the following statements is true of
the parasympathetic nervous system?
a. the preganglionic fibers are shorter than
the postganglionic fibers
b. the fibers emerge from the brain and
sacral portion of the spinal cord
c. the ganglia lie close to the
spinal cord
d. all of the above statements
are true BACK TO GAME
14. ANS Anatomy:
$200 Question
The parasympathetic fibers that constrict
the iris originate in the ______ ganglia.
a. ciliary
b. otic
c. pteropalatine
d. submandibular
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
15. ANS Anatomy:
$200 Answer
The parasympathetic fibers that constrict
the iris originate in the ______ ganglia.
a. ciliary
b. otic
c. pteropalatine
d. submandibular
BACK TO GAME
16. ANS Anatomy:
$300 Question
Which of the following is not true of the
sympathetic nervous system?
a. the preganglionic neuron cell bodies are
found in the CNS
b. the postganglionic neurons are in the PNS
c. some preganglionic fibers
travel to the adrenal medulla
d. the ganglia are close to
ANSWER
the effectors BACK TO GAME
17. ANS Anatomy:
$300 Answer
Which of the following is not true of the
sympathetic nervous system?
a. the preganglionic neuron cell bodies are
found in the CNS
b. the postganglionic neurons are in the PNS
c. some preganglionic fibers
travel to the adrenal medulla
d. the ganglia are close to
the effectors BACK TO GAME
18. ANS Anatomy:
$400 Question
About 90% of the parasympatheic fibers
are located in which cranial nerve?
a. III
b. VII
c. IX
d. X
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
19. ANS Anatomy:
$400 Answer
About 90% of the parasympatheic fibers
are located in which cranial nerve?
a. III
b. VII
c. IX
d. X
BACK TO GAME
20. ANS Anatomy:
$500 Question
This cranial nerve contains all of the
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
innervating the head:
a. V
b. VII
c. VIII
d. X
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
21. ANS Anatomy:
$500 Answer
This cranial nerve contains all of the
parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
innervating the head:
a. V
b. VII
c. VIII
d. X
BACK TO GAME
22. Receptors:
$100 Question
Which of the following are types of
adrenergic receptors?
a. nicotinic
b. muscarinic
c. alpha
d. both choices a and b
are correct
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
23. Receptors:
$100 Answer
Which of the following are types of
adrenergic receptors?
a. nicotinic
b. muscarinic
c. alpha
d. both choices a and b
are correct
BACK TO GAME
24. Receptors:
$200 Question
Nicotinic receptors are found in all of the
following except:
a. autonomic ganglia
b. skeletal muscles
c. adrenal medulla
d. heart
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
25. Receptors:
$200 Answer
Nicotinic receptors are found in all of the
following except:
a. autonomic ganglia
b. skeletal muscles
c. adrenal medulla
d. heart
BACK TO GAME
26. Receptors:
$300 Question
Which of the following is sometimes
referred to as a “misplaced” sympathetic
ganglion?
a. celiac ganglion
b. collateral ganglion
c. splanchnic nerve
d. adrenal medulla
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
27. Receptors:
$300 Answer
Which of the following is sometimes
referred to as a “misplaced” sympathetic
ganglion?
a. celiac ganglion
b. collateral ganglion
c. splanchnic nerve
d. adrenal medulla
BACK TO GAME
28. Receptors:
$400 Question
Muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic
receptors in that __________.
a. they are always excitatory
b. they respond to acetylcholine
c. they can be inhibitory
d. they are found in the
voluntary nervous system
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
29. Receptors:
$400 Answer
Muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic
receptors in that __________.
a. they are always excitatory
b. they respond to acetylcholine
c. they can be inhibitory
d. they are found in the
voluntary nervous system
BACK TO GAME
30. Receptors:
$500 Question
Atropine, which blocks muscarinic
receptors, could cause all of the following
except:
a. dilated eyes
b. dry mouth
c. skeletal muscle paralysis
d. decreased heart rate
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
31. Receptors: :
$500 Answer
Atropine, which blocks muscarinic
receptors, could cause all of the following
except:
a. dilated eyes
b. dry mouth
c. skeletal muscle paralysis
d. decreased heart rate
BACK TO GAME
32. Effects of the ANS:
$100 Question
The parasympathetic nervous system is
more active when we are _______.
a. at rest
b. digesting food
c. exercising
d. both choices a and b
are correct
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
33. Effects of the ANS:
$100 Answer
The parasympathetic nervous system is
more active when we are _______.
a. at rest
b. digesting food
c. exercising
d. both choices a and b
are correct
BACK TO GAME
34. Effects of the ANS:
$200 Question
Body temperature regulation is under the
control of the ____________.
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. voluntary nervous system
d. both the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
systems
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
35. Effects of the ANS:
$200 Answer
Body temperature regulation is under the
control of the ____________.
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. voluntary nervous system
d. both the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
systems
BACK TO GAME
36. Effects of the ANS:
$300 Question
The parasympathetic nervous system
shares control with the sympathetic
nervous system over all of the following
except:
a. heart
b. respiratory system
c. salivary glands
d. blood vessels
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
37. Effects of the ANS:
$300 Answer
The parasympathetic nervous system
shares control with the sympathetic
nervous system over all of the following
except:
a. heart
b. respiratory system
c. salivary glands
d. blood vessels
BACK TO GAME
38. Effects of the ANS:
$400 Question
The effects of the sympathetic nervous
system differs from the parasympathetic in all
of the following except:
a. it is a regulatory effect
b. some fibers release norepinphrine
c. its effects are more diffuse
than they are localized
d. its effects last longer than
ANSWER
the parasympathetic BACK TO GAME
39. Effects of the ANS:
$400 Answer
The effects of the sympathetic nervous
system differs from the parasympathetic in all
of the following except:
a. it is a regulatory effect
b. some fibers release norepinphrine
c. its effects are more diffuse
than they are localized
d. its effects last longer than
the parasympathetic BACK TO GAME
40. Effects of the ANS:
$500 Question
Drugs classified as alpha-blockers can
help decrease _______.
a. respiration
b. heart rate
c. blood pressure
d. urination
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
41. Effects of the ANS:
$500 Answer
Drugs classified as alpha-blockers can
help decrease _______.
a. respiration
b. heart rate
c. blood pressure
d. urination
BACK TO GAME
42. Control of the ANS:
$100 Question
The main integration center for the ANS is
the _______.
a. medulla
b. midbrain
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
43. Control of the ANS:
$100 Answer
The main integration center for the ANS is
the _______.
a. medulla
b. midbrain
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
BACK TO GAME
44. Control of the ANS:
$200 Question
Which of the following is an example of
cerebral control of the ANS?
a. autonomic reflexes
b. biofeedback
c. emotional responses
d. reciprocal inhibition
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
45. Control of the ANS:
$200 Answer
Which of the following is an example of
cerebral control of the ANS?
a. autonomic reflexes
b. biofeedback
c. emotional responses
d. reciprocal inhibition
BACK TO GAME
46. Control of the ANS:
$300 Question
Cardiac and vasomotor reflex centers are
found in the _______.
a. midbrain
b. thalamus
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
47. Control of the ANS:
$300 Answer
Cardiac and vasomotor reflex centers are
found in the _______.
a. midbrain
b. thalamus
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla
BACK TO GAME
48. Control of the ANS:
$400 Question
Visceral responses to emotion are
mediated by the _______.
a. reticular formation
b. medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
49. Control of the ANS:
$400 Answer
Visceral responses to emotion are
mediated by the _______.
a. reticular formation
b. medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
BACK TO GAME
50. Control of the ANS:
$500 Question
The hypothalamus controls the autonomic
regions of the brainstem and spinal cord
via the _______.
a. reticular formation
b. midbrain
c. limbic system
d. cerebral cortex
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
51. Control of the ANS:
$500 Answer
The hypothalamus controls the autonomic
regions of the brainstem and spinal cord
via the _______.
a. reticular formation
b. midbrain
c. limbic system
d. cerebral cortex
BACK TO GAME
52. FINAL ROUND Question
Which of the following conditions
sometimes seen in the elderly is a
problem of the sympathetic rather than the
parasympathetic nervous system?
a. constipation
b. orthostatic hypotension
c. urinary retention
ANSWER
d. dry eyes BACK TO GAME
53. FINAL ROUND Answer
Which of the following conditions
sometimes seen in the elderly is a
problem of the sympathetic rather than the
parasympathetic nervous system?
a. constipation
b. orthostatic hypotension
c. urinary retention
d. dry eyes BACK TO GAME