The document discusses substance abuse in the United States, focusing on opioids. It describes how opioid prescriptions and overdoses have increased dramatically in recent decades. The economic and social costs of the opioid epidemic are immense. The document then discusses factors that contribute to substance use disorders, common physical and mental health findings in patients with substance abuse issues, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction, and recommended pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments for alcohol and opioid abuse.
Dual diagnosis occurs when a person has both a substance abuse disorder and a mental health disorder. Treating both conditions is necessary for recovery, which typically involves detoxification followed by rehabilitation for substance abuse and treatment for the mental health disorder. Over half of those with substance abuse or dependence have also experienced a mental health disorder at some point. Integrated treatment programs that address substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, and other issues like housing, employment, legal concerns, and family/medical problems are recommended for those with dual diagnoses.
A systematic review_on_the_use_of_psychosocial.4Paul Coelho, MD
This document summarizes a systematic review of 27 empirical studies on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. The most widely studied interventions were contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy, primarily in the context of methadone treatment. The results generally support providing psychosocial interventions along with medications to improve outcomes like reducing opioid use and increasing treatment retention and completion rates, though benefits varied across studies. However, significant gaps remain in understanding the most effective combination and delivery of psychosocial treatments with different medications. More research is needed to optimize treatment of the opioid epidemic.
My Role Salesforce DeveloperMy Working Client Truck Rental Com.docxroushhsiu
My Role: Salesforce Developer
My Working Client: Truck Rental Company
Purpose:
This assignment is a written assignment where students will demonstrate how this course research has connected and put into practice within their own career.
Description:
Provide a reflection of at least 500 words (2 pages double spaced) of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to your current work environment.
Deliverable:Prepare a 2 page (excluding title and reference page) APA styled Microsoft Word document that shares a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course as well as demonstrates a connection to your current work environment.
Critique the decision making of two of your peers in your response posts.
1. Do you agree/disagree with their medication choice? Why?
2. Is there anything else you recommend including?
3. Compare peer's decision making to yours—what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Your response should include evidence of review of the course material through proper citations using APA format.
Reply one:
1)Psychosis: Again, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is best made over time because repeated observations increase the reliability of the diagnosis. A diagnosis of schizophrenia is reached through an assessment of patient-specific signs and symptoms, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Schizophrenia presents with four symptom clusters: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective disturbances. Positive symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders/behaviors, and movement disorders. Negative symptoms include a flat affect, alogia, anhedonia, lack of self-motivation, social withdrawal. Cognitive symptoms include poor executive function, difficulty focusing, memory deficits. And finally, affective disturbances include odd expressions or actions, poor self-esteem, depression with an increased risk of suicide (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2011).
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia include the persistence of two or more of the following active-phase symptoms, each lasting for a significant portion of at least a one-month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms. At least one of the qualifying symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech (DSM-5, 2013). Patient Andy presents with delusions, auditory/cenesthetic hallucinations, and increasing social withdrawal extending upon two months. As well, an estimated 80% of clients affected by a psychotic disorder experience their first episode between the ages of 16-30. In men, the symptoms tend to present between 18 and 25 years of age. In women, the onset of symptoms has two peaks, the first between 25 years of age and the mid-30s, and the second after 40 years of age (Hol ...
The document discusses reasons for drug use and abuse. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today than in the past, including more potent drugs, younger experimentation, and greater availability of information. It also lists basic reasons people take drugs like pleasure-seeking, peer pressure, and relieving pain. The document examines definitions of addiction, models of addiction, risk factors, and biological explanations for drug abuse.
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
Here are the 11 DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder filled in with the blank (___) replaced with "alcohol":
1. Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol
5. Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused
Risk Factors Among the Minority and Underserved alis8917
This document summarizes a proposed study to develop and evaluate a health education curriculum addressing tobacco use and other health risks among religiously diverse congregations. The study aims to establish partnerships with underserved congregations, develop and implement a training program incorporating science-based health behaviors and religious teachings, and evaluate the impact on knowledge and intentions to address health risks among trainees and congregation members. The intervention will combine behavioral theory with relevant spiritual messages and counseling, incorporating contemplative practices. Funding may come from sources including the NCMHD and local health departments.
Dual diagnosis occurs when a person has both a substance abuse disorder and a mental health disorder. Treating both conditions is necessary for recovery, which typically involves detoxification followed by rehabilitation for substance abuse and treatment for the mental health disorder. Over half of those with substance abuse or dependence have also experienced a mental health disorder at some point. Integrated treatment programs that address substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, and other issues like housing, employment, legal concerns, and family/medical problems are recommended for those with dual diagnoses.
A systematic review_on_the_use_of_psychosocial.4Paul Coelho, MD
This document summarizes a systematic review of 27 empirical studies on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. The most widely studied interventions were contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy, primarily in the context of methadone treatment. The results generally support providing psychosocial interventions along with medications to improve outcomes like reducing opioid use and increasing treatment retention and completion rates, though benefits varied across studies. However, significant gaps remain in understanding the most effective combination and delivery of psychosocial treatments with different medications. More research is needed to optimize treatment of the opioid epidemic.
My Role Salesforce DeveloperMy Working Client Truck Rental Com.docxroushhsiu
My Role: Salesforce Developer
My Working Client: Truck Rental Company
Purpose:
This assignment is a written assignment where students will demonstrate how this course research has connected and put into practice within their own career.
Description:
Provide a reflection of at least 500 words (2 pages double spaced) of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to your current work environment.
Deliverable:Prepare a 2 page (excluding title and reference page) APA styled Microsoft Word document that shares a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course as well as demonstrates a connection to your current work environment.
Critique the decision making of two of your peers in your response posts.
1. Do you agree/disagree with their medication choice? Why?
2. Is there anything else you recommend including?
3. Compare peer's decision making to yours—what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Your response should include evidence of review of the course material through proper citations using APA format.
Reply one:
1)Psychosis: Again, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is best made over time because repeated observations increase the reliability of the diagnosis. A diagnosis of schizophrenia is reached through an assessment of patient-specific signs and symptoms, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Schizophrenia presents with four symptom clusters: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective disturbances. Positive symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders/behaviors, and movement disorders. Negative symptoms include a flat affect, alogia, anhedonia, lack of self-motivation, social withdrawal. Cognitive symptoms include poor executive function, difficulty focusing, memory deficits. And finally, affective disturbances include odd expressions or actions, poor self-esteem, depression with an increased risk of suicide (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2011).
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia include the persistence of two or more of the following active-phase symptoms, each lasting for a significant portion of at least a one-month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms. At least one of the qualifying symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech (DSM-5, 2013). Patient Andy presents with delusions, auditory/cenesthetic hallucinations, and increasing social withdrawal extending upon two months. As well, an estimated 80% of clients affected by a psychotic disorder experience their first episode between the ages of 16-30. In men, the symptoms tend to present between 18 and 25 years of age. In women, the onset of symptoms has two peaks, the first between 25 years of age and the mid-30s, and the second after 40 years of age (Hol ...
The document discusses reasons for drug use and abuse. It provides 10 reasons why drug use is more serious today than in the past, including more potent drugs, younger experimentation, and greater availability of information. It also lists basic reasons people take drugs like pleasure-seeking, peer pressure, and relieving pain. The document examines definitions of addiction, models of addiction, risk factors, and biological explanations for drug abuse.
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH
1
ADVANCED NURSING RESEARCH 2
Evidence Based Practice Grant Proposal
Table of Contents
31.Purpose
42.Background
5Research objectives
6Theoretical framework
63.EBP Model
74.Proposed Change
85.Outcomes
86.Evaluation Plan
97.Dissemination Plan
9Tools to be Used
9Peer review tools for the proposal
11Grant Request
11Proposed Tasks
11Task 1: Case study- Reviewing existing literature on stigma around mental health complications
11Task 2: Interviewing clinicians that have dealt with the study topic
12Task 3: Interviewing patients of mental health
12Schedule
13Budget
148.Appendices
14a.Informed Consent
19Certificate of Consent
19Signature or Date
21b.Literature Matrix
32c.Tools and equipment to be used
34References
Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a ...
Here are the 11 DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder filled in with the blank (___) replaced with "alcohol":
1. Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol
5. Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused
Risk Factors Among the Minority and Underserved alis8917
This document summarizes a proposed study to develop and evaluate a health education curriculum addressing tobacco use and other health risks among religiously diverse congregations. The study aims to establish partnerships with underserved congregations, develop and implement a training program incorporating science-based health behaviors and religious teachings, and evaluate the impact on knowledge and intentions to address health risks among trainees and congregation members. The intervention will combine behavioral theory with relevant spiritual messages and counseling, incorporating contemplative practices. Funding may come from sources including the NCMHD and local health departments.
Slides for spirituality and health meeting (alex & kentya)alis8917
This document summarizes a proposed study to develop and evaluate a health education curriculum addressing tobacco use and other health risks among religiously diverse congregations. The study aims to establish partnerships with underserved congregations, develop and implement a training program incorporating science-based health behaviors and religious teachings, and evaluate the impact on knowledge and intentions to address health risks among trainees and congregation members. The intervention will combine behavioral theory with relevant spiritual messages and counseling, incorporating contemplative practices. The goal is to advance understanding of the role of religion and spirituality in health behavior change.
1Joseph Role of Opioid Education for the YouthEsther Joscargillfilberto
This document discusses the role of opioid education for youth. It finds that educating youth about opioids can help reduce misuse by making them aware of the risks of addiction and overdose. However, media coverage of opioids may also increase curiosity and accidental exposure. While prevention programs show promise, limitations include the possibility that education increases initial curiosity about drugs. Overall, early intervention through education may help delay first-time use and reduce health risks for youth.
Key Stakeholders in Public Health Issue.docx4934bk
Key stakeholders in a public health issue include those affected by the issue as well as those who can influence or make decisions related to the issue. It is important to identify stakeholders to understand their interests and perspectives which informs policy analysis. Primary care physicians, specialists, and other healthcare providers have an interest in public health issues that impact patient care. Government agencies also have an interest as they are responsible for funding programs and creating regulations and policies. Identifying stakeholders is crucial for conducting a thorough policy analysis.
Techniques of treatment on drug addicted people in sover life rehab centerNafiz Al Kalam
No nation on earth is untouched by the effects of drug abuse. The problem has reached such a
proportion that it has become a global threat. From the impoverished villages where drugs are
grown to the modern cities where they are ultimately sold, drugs follow a complex route that hits every country in the world; Bangladesh is no exception.
Running head OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER .docxglendar3
Running head: OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 1
OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 7
Opioid Crisis Public Policy Paper
Anniesha Overton
Strayer Umiversity
Summary of the policy
The opioid crisis has been a significant public health concern in the United States since the late 1990s. The inability to develop strategic legislation and regulation to control the use of opioid has been critical to the development of the opioid crisis. The opioid crisis involves the use of both prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs. According to the Center for Disease control and prevention, the rate of opioid addiction has been significantly increasing over the years. From 1999 to 2016, at least 350,000 individuals have died from related opioid addiction, which includes prescription and illicit opioids.
Unlicensed pharmacies and overdependence on these drugs in pain management have been major concepts, which have created a challenging setting where the abuse of prescription drugs can be controlled. The underlying basis of this problem is the current assumption in the United States that medical practitioners can cure almost everything. Even though it is essential to understand that prescription drugs are effective in pain management, the drugs are required to be offered based on the prescriptions issued (McDonald & Lambert, 2016). It is also noted that they should not be used regularly since they created a very detrimental habit to patient wellbeing because they have addictive properties, which make it dangerous when consumed in large portions.
Confronting opioid addiction requires significant efforts by all stakeholders in healthcare in ensuring that there is a common objective in providing that there is a crucial focus in integrating quality focus in preventing opioid addiction. Considering the fact that a prescribed drug mainly propagates opioid addiction. It is essential to ensure that they are issued through consideration of critical healthcare knowledge regarding the admissibility of opioid drugs (Bihel, 2016). Nurses have a significant role to play regarding the overall development of the opioid addiction crisis. Critical issues that have been identified in opioid drug abuse include improper use, lack of the required knowledge and related interpretation in the use of opioid prescribed drugs and decreased regulation and legislation from the government regarding the existing concern on the increasing addiction levels across the country.
Players
The increase in opioid crisis has had a direct and indirect influence on different stakeholders. Therefore developing a strong focus on essential strategies that can help limit the overall impact of the opioid crisis on the lives of an individual is critical. The national institute on drug abuse reported that in 2015, 33,091 deaths were reported be.
Running head OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER .docxtodd581
Running head: OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 1
OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 7
Opioid Crisis Public Policy Paper
Anniesha Overton
Strayer Umiversity
Summary of the policy
The opioid crisis has been a significant public health concern in the United States since the late 1990s. The inability to develop strategic legislation and regulation to control the use of opioid has been critical to the development of the opioid crisis. The opioid crisis involves the use of both prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs. According to the Center for Disease control and prevention, the rate of opioid addiction has been significantly increasing over the years. From 1999 to 2016, at least 350,000 individuals have died from related opioid addiction, which includes prescription and illicit opioids.
Unlicensed pharmacies and overdependence on these drugs in pain management have been major concepts, which have created a challenging setting where the abuse of prescription drugs can be controlled. The underlying basis of this problem is the current assumption in the United States that medical practitioners can cure almost everything. Even though it is essential to understand that prescription drugs are effective in pain management, the drugs are required to be offered based on the prescriptions issued (McDonald & Lambert, 2016). It is also noted that they should not be used regularly since they created a very detrimental habit to patient wellbeing because they have addictive properties, which make it dangerous when consumed in large portions.
Confronting opioid addiction requires significant efforts by all stakeholders in healthcare in ensuring that there is a common objective in providing that there is a crucial focus in integrating quality focus in preventing opioid addiction. Considering the fact that a prescribed drug mainly propagates opioid addiction. It is essential to ensure that they are issued through consideration of critical healthcare knowledge regarding the admissibility of opioid drugs (Bihel, 2016). Nurses have a significant role to play regarding the overall development of the opioid addiction crisis. Critical issues that have been identified in opioid drug abuse include improper use, lack of the required knowledge and related interpretation in the use of opioid prescribed drugs and decreased regulation and legislation from the government regarding the existing concern on the increasing addiction levels across the country.
Players
The increase in opioid crisis has had a direct and indirect influence on different stakeholders. Therefore developing a strong focus on essential strategies that can help limit the overall impact of the opioid crisis on the lives of an individual is critical. The national institute on drug abuse reported that in 2015, 33,091 deaths were reported be.
Alcoholism refers to uncontrolled alcohol intake and is considered a disease with physical and mental components. Treatments for alcoholism include aversion-desensitization therapy, home detoxification, and outpatient treatment for women. Aversion-desensitization therapy involves patients watching videos of their drinking confessions and being confronted by therapists in order to associate negative feelings with alcohol.
Relationship Between Drugs and Health Workers - Sample Essaya1customwritings
A1CustomWritings.com are experienced in all academic levels of assignments and in any academic fields, the team of experts of our custom essay writing service have the ability to help you with any requirements of your essay. Our team takes pride in the quality of work provided to our customers and we pledge to do whatever it takes to ensure you receive a paper of only the highest quality.
This document summarizes the misconceptions around opioid use and addiction. It discusses how opioids work in the brain to produce both analgesia and euphoria through activation of mu-opioid receptors. Repeated use leads to tolerance and physical dependence, but addiction only occurs in a small percentage of patients and involves distinct molecular mechanisms. Common misconceptions include equating addiction, tolerance and physical dependence. The document advocates for strategies to minimize risks of diversion and abuse through abuse-deterrent formulations.
This document discusses substance dependence disorder. It begins by outlining the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and impairment. It then discusses epidemiology, finding higher rates in males and those aged 18-25. Comorbidity is also common, especially with other psychiatric disorders in youth. Treatment approaches are suggested, notably motivational interviewing which has been shown as effective as other programs.
The prevalence of the alcohol and drugs abuse is notably more than cancer and heart disease collectively in the US cost $328billion a year (2005)
Research has observed that despite additions treatment, most addicts do not seek medical attention.
Two main factors are attributed to this fact;
Limited access
Uncoordinated system of care. Causing relapse after detoxification
Outcomes research seeks to understand the end results of health care practices and interventions, including effects on quality of life and mortality. It links the care received to outcomes experienced to improve quality. Outcomes can be grouped as care-related, patient-related, or performance-related and are measured over short, intermediate, and long terms. Agencies like AHRQ and PCORI fund outcomes research to establish evidence-based practices and evaluate care quality. PCORI's mission includes increasing research quality and speeding evidence implementation to influence funded research.
Prescription opioid use among adults with mental health disorders in the US.Paul Coelho, MD
This study analyzed nationally representative health survey data to examine prescription opioid use among US adults with mental health disorders. The key findings were:
1) An estimated 18.7% of the 38.6 million American adults with mental health disorders use prescription opioids, accounting for 51.4% of the total opioid prescriptions distributed in the US each year.
2) Adults with mental health disorders were over 3 times more likely to use opioids compared to adults without mental health disorders.
3) Having a mental health disorder was associated with a more than 2 times greater odds of prescription opioid use after adjusting for other health factors.
Prescription Opioid Use Among Adults with Mental Health Disorders in the USPaul Coelho, MD
This study used nationally representative survey data to examine prescription opioid use among US adults with mental health disorders. The key findings were:
1) An estimated 18.7% of the 38.6 million American adults with mental health disorders use prescription opioids, accounting for 51.4% of the total opioid prescriptions distributed in the US each year.
2) Adults with mental health disorders were over 3 times more likely to use opioids compared to adults without mental health disorders.
3) Having a mental health disorder, such as depression or anxiety, was associated with a more than 2 times greater odds of prescription opioid use after adjusting for other factors.
The pharmaceutical industry has made it very difficult to know what the clinical trial evidence actually is regarding psychotropics. Consequently, primary care physicians and other front-line practitioners are at a disadvantage when attempting to adhere to the ethical and scientific mandates of evidence based prescriptive practice. This article calls for a higher standard of prescriptive care derived from a risk/benefit analysis of clinical trial evidence. The authors assert that current prescribing practices are empirically unsound and unduly influenced by pharmaceutical company interests, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. In the spirit of evidenced based medicine’s inclusion of patient values as well as the movement toward health home, we present a patient bill of rights for psychotropic prescription. We then offer guidelines to raise the bar of care equal to the available science for all prescribers of psychiatric medications.
Prescription Drug Misuse: Among Young Adultsamankhosa
A project that explains the prevalence of prescription drug misuse, specifically among the young adult population. Includes information on warning and behavioural signs of prescription drug abuse, commonly abused prescription drugs, cultural awareness, and related policies and prevention strategies.
Opioid addiction is a growing problem that significantly impacts individuals and society. Social workers are on the front lines addressing this issue through clinical work, education, and intervention programs. Research shows there are many triggers that can lead to opioid use, including use of other drugs like tobacco, avoidance of withdrawal symptoms, exposure to peer groups that use drugs, and conditioning of the brain to see drugs as rewarding despite negative consequences. Understanding these triggers is important for social workers to help prevent and intervene in opioid addiction.
This document discusses drug abuse and dependence. It defines drugs, drug abuse, and drug dependence according to WHO. It notes that an estimated 12-20 million people in the US smoke marijuana and 30-50% of high school students have used marijuana. Dependence-producing drugs have the capacity to cause dependence. Prevention approaches include legislation, education, and providing alternative community activities for youth. Treatment involves identification, detoxification, counseling, rehabilitation, and vocational training to prevent relapse.
This document discusses a presentation on expanding the use of naloxone. The presentation includes three speakers who will discuss (1) naloxone collaborative practice agreements with pharmacies, (2) a model for using intranasal naloxone as a universal precaution for patients on chronic opioid therapy, and (3) whether co-prescribing intranasal naloxone impacts overdose deaths. The document provides background on the speakers and moderators, as well as learning objectives and an agenda for the presentation.
Intro to Prevention: Psychopharmacology Guest LectureJulie Hynes
Current A&D Conditions in lane County: And why we need prevention. Guest lecturer: Julie Hynes, MA, RD, CPS - PreventionLane at Lane County Public Health
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docxherminaprocter
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docxherminaprocter
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
.
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This document summarizes a proposed study to develop and evaluate a health education curriculum addressing tobacco use and other health risks among religiously diverse congregations. The study aims to establish partnerships with underserved congregations, develop and implement a training program incorporating science-based health behaviors and religious teachings, and evaluate the impact on knowledge and intentions to address health risks among trainees and congregation members. The intervention will combine behavioral theory with relevant spiritual messages and counseling, incorporating contemplative practices. The goal is to advance understanding of the role of religion and spirituality in health behavior change.
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This document discusses the role of opioid education for youth. It finds that educating youth about opioids can help reduce misuse by making them aware of the risks of addiction and overdose. However, media coverage of opioids may also increase curiosity and accidental exposure. While prevention programs show promise, limitations include the possibility that education increases initial curiosity about drugs. Overall, early intervention through education may help delay first-time use and reduce health risks for youth.
Key Stakeholders in Public Health Issue.docx4934bk
Key stakeholders in a public health issue include those affected by the issue as well as those who can influence or make decisions related to the issue. It is important to identify stakeholders to understand their interests and perspectives which informs policy analysis. Primary care physicians, specialists, and other healthcare providers have an interest in public health issues that impact patient care. Government agencies also have an interest as they are responsible for funding programs and creating regulations and policies. Identifying stakeholders is crucial for conducting a thorough policy analysis.
Techniques of treatment on drug addicted people in sover life rehab centerNafiz Al Kalam
No nation on earth is untouched by the effects of drug abuse. The problem has reached such a
proportion that it has become a global threat. From the impoverished villages where drugs are
grown to the modern cities where they are ultimately sold, drugs follow a complex route that hits every country in the world; Bangladesh is no exception.
Running head OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER .docxglendar3
Running head: OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 1
OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 7
Opioid Crisis Public Policy Paper
Anniesha Overton
Strayer Umiversity
Summary of the policy
The opioid crisis has been a significant public health concern in the United States since the late 1990s. The inability to develop strategic legislation and regulation to control the use of opioid has been critical to the development of the opioid crisis. The opioid crisis involves the use of both prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs. According to the Center for Disease control and prevention, the rate of opioid addiction has been significantly increasing over the years. From 1999 to 2016, at least 350,000 individuals have died from related opioid addiction, which includes prescription and illicit opioids.
Unlicensed pharmacies and overdependence on these drugs in pain management have been major concepts, which have created a challenging setting where the abuse of prescription drugs can be controlled. The underlying basis of this problem is the current assumption in the United States that medical practitioners can cure almost everything. Even though it is essential to understand that prescription drugs are effective in pain management, the drugs are required to be offered based on the prescriptions issued (McDonald & Lambert, 2016). It is also noted that they should not be used regularly since they created a very detrimental habit to patient wellbeing because they have addictive properties, which make it dangerous when consumed in large portions.
Confronting opioid addiction requires significant efforts by all stakeholders in healthcare in ensuring that there is a common objective in providing that there is a crucial focus in integrating quality focus in preventing opioid addiction. Considering the fact that a prescribed drug mainly propagates opioid addiction. It is essential to ensure that they are issued through consideration of critical healthcare knowledge regarding the admissibility of opioid drugs (Bihel, 2016). Nurses have a significant role to play regarding the overall development of the opioid addiction crisis. Critical issues that have been identified in opioid drug abuse include improper use, lack of the required knowledge and related interpretation in the use of opioid prescribed drugs and decreased regulation and legislation from the government regarding the existing concern on the increasing addiction levels across the country.
Players
The increase in opioid crisis has had a direct and indirect influence on different stakeholders. Therefore developing a strong focus on essential strategies that can help limit the overall impact of the opioid crisis on the lives of an individual is critical. The national institute on drug abuse reported that in 2015, 33,091 deaths were reported be.
Running head OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER .docxtodd581
Running head: OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 1
OPIOID CRISIS PUBLIC POLICY PAPER 7
Opioid Crisis Public Policy Paper
Anniesha Overton
Strayer Umiversity
Summary of the policy
The opioid crisis has been a significant public health concern in the United States since the late 1990s. The inability to develop strategic legislation and regulation to control the use of opioid has been critical to the development of the opioid crisis. The opioid crisis involves the use of both prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs. According to the Center for Disease control and prevention, the rate of opioid addiction has been significantly increasing over the years. From 1999 to 2016, at least 350,000 individuals have died from related opioid addiction, which includes prescription and illicit opioids.
Unlicensed pharmacies and overdependence on these drugs in pain management have been major concepts, which have created a challenging setting where the abuse of prescription drugs can be controlled. The underlying basis of this problem is the current assumption in the United States that medical practitioners can cure almost everything. Even though it is essential to understand that prescription drugs are effective in pain management, the drugs are required to be offered based on the prescriptions issued (McDonald & Lambert, 2016). It is also noted that they should not be used regularly since they created a very detrimental habit to patient wellbeing because they have addictive properties, which make it dangerous when consumed in large portions.
Confronting opioid addiction requires significant efforts by all stakeholders in healthcare in ensuring that there is a common objective in providing that there is a crucial focus in integrating quality focus in preventing opioid addiction. Considering the fact that a prescribed drug mainly propagates opioid addiction. It is essential to ensure that they are issued through consideration of critical healthcare knowledge regarding the admissibility of opioid drugs (Bihel, 2016). Nurses have a significant role to play regarding the overall development of the opioid addiction crisis. Critical issues that have been identified in opioid drug abuse include improper use, lack of the required knowledge and related interpretation in the use of opioid prescribed drugs and decreased regulation and legislation from the government regarding the existing concern on the increasing addiction levels across the country.
Players
The increase in opioid crisis has had a direct and indirect influence on different stakeholders. Therefore developing a strong focus on essential strategies that can help limit the overall impact of the opioid crisis on the lives of an individual is critical. The national institute on drug abuse reported that in 2015, 33,091 deaths were reported be.
Alcoholism refers to uncontrolled alcohol intake and is considered a disease with physical and mental components. Treatments for alcoholism include aversion-desensitization therapy, home detoxification, and outpatient treatment for women. Aversion-desensitization therapy involves patients watching videos of their drinking confessions and being confronted by therapists in order to associate negative feelings with alcohol.
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This document summarizes the misconceptions around opioid use and addiction. It discusses how opioids work in the brain to produce both analgesia and euphoria through activation of mu-opioid receptors. Repeated use leads to tolerance and physical dependence, but addiction only occurs in a small percentage of patients and involves distinct molecular mechanisms. Common misconceptions include equating addiction, tolerance and physical dependence. The document advocates for strategies to minimize risks of diversion and abuse through abuse-deterrent formulations.
This document discusses substance dependence disorder. It begins by outlining the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and impairment. It then discusses epidemiology, finding higher rates in males and those aged 18-25. Comorbidity is also common, especially with other psychiatric disorders in youth. Treatment approaches are suggested, notably motivational interviewing which has been shown as effective as other programs.
The prevalence of the alcohol and drugs abuse is notably more than cancer and heart disease collectively in the US cost $328billion a year (2005)
Research has observed that despite additions treatment, most addicts do not seek medical attention.
Two main factors are attributed to this fact;
Limited access
Uncoordinated system of care. Causing relapse after detoxification
Outcomes research seeks to understand the end results of health care practices and interventions, including effects on quality of life and mortality. It links the care received to outcomes experienced to improve quality. Outcomes can be grouped as care-related, patient-related, or performance-related and are measured over short, intermediate, and long terms. Agencies like AHRQ and PCORI fund outcomes research to establish evidence-based practices and evaluate care quality. PCORI's mission includes increasing research quality and speeding evidence implementation to influence funded research.
Prescription opioid use among adults with mental health disorders in the US.Paul Coelho, MD
This study analyzed nationally representative health survey data to examine prescription opioid use among US adults with mental health disorders. The key findings were:
1) An estimated 18.7% of the 38.6 million American adults with mental health disorders use prescription opioids, accounting for 51.4% of the total opioid prescriptions distributed in the US each year.
2) Adults with mental health disorders were over 3 times more likely to use opioids compared to adults without mental health disorders.
3) Having a mental health disorder was associated with a more than 2 times greater odds of prescription opioid use after adjusting for other health factors.
Prescription Opioid Use Among Adults with Mental Health Disorders in the USPaul Coelho, MD
This study used nationally representative survey data to examine prescription opioid use among US adults with mental health disorders. The key findings were:
1) An estimated 18.7% of the 38.6 million American adults with mental health disorders use prescription opioids, accounting for 51.4% of the total opioid prescriptions distributed in the US each year.
2) Adults with mental health disorders were over 3 times more likely to use opioids compared to adults without mental health disorders.
3) Having a mental health disorder, such as depression or anxiety, was associated with a more than 2 times greater odds of prescription opioid use after adjusting for other factors.
The pharmaceutical industry has made it very difficult to know what the clinical trial evidence actually is regarding psychotropics. Consequently, primary care physicians and other front-line practitioners are at a disadvantage when attempting to adhere to the ethical and scientific mandates of evidence based prescriptive practice. This article calls for a higher standard of prescriptive care derived from a risk/benefit analysis of clinical trial evidence. The authors assert that current prescribing practices are empirically unsound and unduly influenced by pharmaceutical company interests, resulting in unnecessary risks to patients. In the spirit of evidenced based medicine’s inclusion of patient values as well as the movement toward health home, we present a patient bill of rights for psychotropic prescription. We then offer guidelines to raise the bar of care equal to the available science for all prescribers of psychiatric medications.
Prescription Drug Misuse: Among Young Adultsamankhosa
A project that explains the prevalence of prescription drug misuse, specifically among the young adult population. Includes information on warning and behavioural signs of prescription drug abuse, commonly abused prescription drugs, cultural awareness, and related policies and prevention strategies.
Opioid addiction is a growing problem that significantly impacts individuals and society. Social workers are on the front lines addressing this issue through clinical work, education, and intervention programs. Research shows there are many triggers that can lead to opioid use, including use of other drugs like tobacco, avoidance of withdrawal symptoms, exposure to peer groups that use drugs, and conditioning of the brain to see drugs as rewarding despite negative consequences. Understanding these triggers is important for social workers to help prevent and intervene in opioid addiction.
This document discusses drug abuse and dependence. It defines drugs, drug abuse, and drug dependence according to WHO. It notes that an estimated 12-20 million people in the US smoke marijuana and 30-50% of high school students have used marijuana. Dependence-producing drugs have the capacity to cause dependence. Prevention approaches include legislation, education, and providing alternative community activities for youth. Treatment involves identification, detoxification, counseling, rehabilitation, and vocational training to prevent relapse.
This document discusses a presentation on expanding the use of naloxone. The presentation includes three speakers who will discuss (1) naloxone collaborative practice agreements with pharmacies, (2) a model for using intranasal naloxone as a universal precaution for patients on chronic opioid therapy, and (3) whether co-prescribing intranasal naloxone impacts overdose deaths. The document provides background on the speakers and moderators, as well as learning objectives and an agenda for the presentation.
Intro to Prevention: Psychopharmacology Guest LectureJulie Hynes
Current A&D Conditions in lane County: And why we need prevention. Guest lecturer: Julie Hynes, MA, RD, CPS - PreventionLane at Lane County Public Health
Similar to 12Week IV, Discussion Post Care for the Client with a Subst.docx (20)
2. Framework Graphic Candidates will create a graphic that re.docxherminaprocter
2. Framework Graphic
Candidates will create a graphic that reflects an understanding of a conceptual/theoretical framework (preferably related to their dissertation topic). In a graphic, candidates’ creations should clearly represent their vision of the framework and include 1 – 2 paragraphs on how the dependent and independent variables are evidenced.
Dissertation topic that I submitted is in the attachment that has a file name as Survey -27
.
2. Research Article Review – Read one (1) research articles on T.docxherminaprocter
2. Research Article Review
–
Read one (1) research articles on Therapeutic Recreation in Long Term Center or a specific treatment
modality/facilitation technique appropriate for older population in a long term care setting (e.g., assisted living, nursing home, etc.) and write a reaction paper based on guide questions. Must be 3 pages minimum. No plagiarism. Must have knowledge in Therapeutic Recreation Major and modalities.
Attached is an
EXAMPLE
of what I am looking for.
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2) In examining Document 4 and Document 6, how did the.docxherminaprocter
2)
In examining
Document 4
and
Document 6
, how did the onset of the Cold War redefine what it meant to be an American? What role do these documents suggest loyal citizens play in waging war against Communism? In examining the political cartoon (
Document 5
), how does the artist critique the “anti-subversive” efforts that took place during the Second Red Scare? In what ways does the McCarthy era continue to influence American society?
3)
The turbulent 1960s saw numerous attempts to identify the root problems within American society and the role of citizens in resolving them. In examining
Document 7
,
Document 8
, and
Document 9
, what common problems are identified within American society? What are some of the differences? What role did each of these documents suggest Americans should play in achieving social justice? Are their arguments persuasive? Why or why not?
4)
The last several decades of the Twentieth Century saw the emergence of new groups of Americans claiming rights as citizens. To what extent does the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment (
Document 10
) to be ratified, but the signing of Title IX (
Document 11
) into law, signal about the changing role and rights of women in modern America? After reading President George H.W. Bush’s remarks (
Document 12
), why do you believe it took so long for the country to acknowledge and protect the rights of the disabled?
5)
How does Maya Angelou’s inauguration poem (
Document 13
) reflect upon the identity of “hyphenated Americans” by the early 1990s? In reading
Document 14
, how does President-Elect Barack Obama define Americanism? Looking back over documents 1-13, did his election, as the first person of color to become President of the United States, resolve the questions and crises surrounding the definition of an American citizen? In a post-9/11 world, has America progressed in its inclusiveness? Why or why not?
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2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment f.docxherminaprocter
2. Sandra is a parent who believes that play is just entertainment for children, whereas Petra is a parent who believes that play is developmentally beneficial for children. Which is likely to be true about Sandra and Petra?
Group of answer choices
A. Sandra’s children are more likely to have richer imaginations than Petra’s children.
B. Sandra is less likely than Petra to encourage pretend play.
C. Petra is more likely than Sandra to encourage associative play.
D. Petra is less likely than Sandra to provide props for her children to play with.
3. Three-year-old Aiko is pretending that her teddy bear is going to the beach and places a paper plate on the teddy bear’s head as a “hat.” Aiko is demonstrating...
Group of answer choices
A. dual representation
B. egocentrism
C. centration
D. animistic thinking
5.
Nikki and Anna are both running for class president. When Anna wins the election, Nikki is jealous and spreads rumors about Anna. Nikki is displaying .. (pick below.......) aggression
A. verbal
B."reactive",
C"physical",
D"proactive"]
6. Kris has a preschool-age daughter named Leila. When Kris gives Leila three cookies and asks her to count them, Leila points to each cookie, one-by-one, and says, “One, two, three.” When Kris asks Leila, “How many cookies do you have?” Leila proudly answers, “Three!” Leila is demonstrating an understanding of...
Group of answer choices
A. Cardinality
B.arithmetic
C. quantity comparisons
D. Ordinality
.
2.2 Discussion What Is LeadershipGetting StartedR.docxherminaprocter
This document provides instructions and background information for an assignment on ethics and values in leadership. It discusses how leaders face ethical dilemmas that require balancing competing priorities and values. Students are asked to read about ethical reasoning and creating an ethical organizational culture from their textbook. They are also instructed to read two articles on virtuous leadership and business. The assignment requires students to describe a personal ethical dilemma, discuss how an ethical culture can influence such dilemmas, and cite the provided sources in a 400-500 word paper.
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-si.docxherminaprocter
2. You are a member of the Human Resource Department of a medium-sized organization that is implementing a new interorganizational system that will impact employees, customers, and suppliers. Your manager has requested that you work with the system development team to create a communications plan for the project. He would like to meet with you in two hours to review your thoughts on the KEY OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNICATIONS PLAN. What should those objectives be?
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2.1. What is Strategic Human Resource Management Differentiate bet.docxherminaprocter
Strategic human resource management involves using HR tools and metrics to align human resource strategies with overall business strategies. Managers can improve employee engagement through job analysis, which collects data on jobs using methods like surveys, interviews, and observations to understand job requirements. Job analysis also identifies the competencies needed for roles, which are written descriptions of knowledge, skills, and abilities required for success.
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven .docxherminaprocter
2,___Use of no less than six slides and no more than seven:
a. An introductory slide with the title or research question and your name and student number.
b. The remaining 4-5 pieces of information will be responsible for answering the information question:
What was the impact of ________en the history of _________?
c. An APA-style bibliography slide.
3.__one or more than another image in the power point related to the theme. One of these images may be the image of the neighbor being investigated.
4.__Bibliografía (no less than 4 references: Two from the Internet, one from one book and one from an interview- APA style)
7. ___write in your own words. No copy paste.
8. __ (Correct spelling and punctuation and note that the writing is yours and not a copy paste from the Internet or a book). Check the work before delivering it with this same check list.
V. Depth
9.__Desarrollo of the research question. Answer it through the power point presentation.
10. __ Depth in the study. Copy paste is not accepted. Any plagiarism (may be: copy a concept, even a sentence, whose intellectual author is not you, invalidates this research- see the university's politics regarding plagiarism). Each criterion is worth ten points.
¿Cómo impacta la novela a la historia de Puerto Rico?
Yeralis M. Rivera Arguinzoni
B00569846
Dra. Vilma Pizarro
Historia de Puerto rico
Universidad Interamericana Recinto de Barranquitas
Comienzos de la novela en Puerto Rico
La literatura en Puerto Rico comienza a finales del siglo XIX.
Movimiento del romanticismo( Europa: Alemania, Inglaterra y España)
Géneros literarios: Poesía, teatro, ensayo y narrativa( novela, cuentos, leyendas, etc.).
La novela es el último género en llegar a Puerto Rico y a América.
En estas novelas trataban los temas de: el amor a la patria, el destino, la muerte, Dios y el progreso, entre otros.
La primera novela puertorriqueña
Hay dos teorías sobre la primer novela puertorriqueña:
Luz y Sombra(1893) = Escrita por Ana Roque de Duprey, primera novela escrita en Puerto Rico.
“La Peregrinación de Bayoán”(1863) = Escrita por Eugenio María de Hostos, primera novela escrita por un puertorriqueño pero es escrita en España. Esta es la mas aceptada como la primera novela puertorriqueña. Su tema principal era la lucha por la identidad del puertorriqueño. Ideas políticas y sociales de Hostos luego del grito de Lares y el grito de Yara(Cuba), fueron expresadas en esta novela.
Otros escritores importantes de la época
Manuel Zeno Gandía = Considerado como el más grande novelista de Puerto Rico. Sus obras: “La Charca”, “Garduña” y “El Negocio”, conocidas como “Crónicas de un mundo enfermo”, se escriben ya bajo el naturalismo. Presentan a un Puerto Rico enfermo y la situación crítica de un Puerto Rico abandonado por España.
Enrique A. Laguerre = Sus obras más importantes: “La Resaca” y “La llamarada”. Sus obras presentan la pésima situación de vida del campesinado a finales del siglo XIX.
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2. Multicultural Interview Paper Students may begin this.docxherminaprocter
2.
Multicultural Interview Paper
Students may begin this assignment by selecting an individual from a culture differing from their own. This may be any culture or subgroup covered in the course content, such as adolescents, elderly adults, and persons with disabilities.
Students are not limited to these groups.
Students will create a series of interview questions focused on issues and concerns pertinent to the culture or subgroup
. Interview questions are to be specific and designed to help the student learn more about the culture or subgroup as it relates to Addictions & course studies. Students may use their text book and other course resources as guidelines for developing questions. Students should develop a minimum of eight-10 interview questions.
Students
must
submit interview questions to the course instructor and receive approval of the questions before proceeding with the assignment.
Students will then use these approved questions during the interview with the consenting individual and write a two page summarization of the questions with the answers received by the individual. The paper must be in question/answer format.
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2-4A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and.docxherminaprocter
2-4
A summary of your findings regarding sexual orientation and its impact on life-span development, including findings from the resources and from the journal article(s) you selected during your research
An explanation of how you might apply your findings to social work practice
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2- to 4A description of the services in your local communi.docxherminaprocter
2- to 4
A description of the services in your local community that support individuals in later adulthood
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the services you identified
A description of service gaps you identified
An explanation of how to improve existing services
A description of services that should be added, and why
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2 or more paragraphAs previously noted, the Brocks have some of.docxherminaprocter
2 or more paragraph
As previously noted, the Brocks have some of their investment portfolio in conservative stocks. These equities have had very slow growth while regularly paying a small dividend.
Pam and Josh have received several emails recently with suggestions about various biotechnology, retailing, and environmental companies. The investment advisers believe that these industries would provide an opportunity for strong long-term financial gains.
In recent years, the Brocks have made extensive use of mutual funds in their investment portfolio. However, they are concerned that their selection of the funds may not be coordinated. With over 9,200 different mutual funds available, this financial marketplace is confusing.
The Brocks start the evaluation process by connecting various types of mutual funds to their investments goals. Next, they assess the past performance and management of the funds. Finally, they talk with various financial advisers and other investors to gather additional information.
Life Situation
Pam, 43
Josh, 45
3 Children, ages 16, 14 and 11
Financial Data
Monthly income$4,900 / Living expenses$4,450/ Assets$262,700/ Liabilities$84,600/ Emergency Fund$5,000
Q1. According to Pam, "We both know we should have started our investment program sooner, but we always seemed to have 'emergencies' that took what extra money we had." To what extent should the Brocks invest in stocks as a major portion of their investment portfolio?
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2-1 IntroductionUber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startu.docxherminaprocter
2-1 Introduction
Uber Technologies Inc. (Uber) is a tech startup that provides ride-sharing services by
facilitating a connection between independent contractors (drivers) and riders with the use
of an app. Uber has expanded its operations to 425 cities in 72 countries around the world
and is valued at around $70 billion, making it the world’s most valuable startup.
Approximately 30 million users use Uber’s services monthly. Uber has become a key player
in the sharing economy, a new economic model in which independent contractors rent out
their underutilized resources such as vehicles or lodging to other consumers. The sharing
economy is quickly becoming an alternative to owning resources outright. Because its
services cost less than taking a traditional taxi, Uber and similar ride-sharing services have
upended the taxi industry. The company has experienced resounding success and is
looking toward expansion both internationally and within the United States.
However, Uber’s rapid success is creating challenges in the form of legal and regulatory,
social, and technical obstacles. The taxi industry, for instance, is arguing that Uber has an
unfair advantage because it does not face the same licensing requirements as they do.
Others accuse Uber of not vetting their drivers, creating potentially unsafe situations. Some
major cities are banning ride-sharing services like Uber because of these various concerns.
Additionally, Uber has faced various lawsuits, including a lawsuit filed by its independent
contractors. Its presence in the market has influenced lawmakers to draft new regulations to
govern this “app-driven” ride-sharing system. Legislation can often hinder a company’s
expansion opportunities because of the resources it must expend to comply with regulatory
requirements. Uber has been highly praised for giving independent contractors an opportunity to earn money as long as they have a car, while also offering convenient ways for consumers to get around at lower costs. Although its “Surge Pricing” technique has been criticized for charging higher fares during popular times, it is also becoming a model for other companies such as Zappos in how it compensates its call center employees. The biggest issues Uber faces include legal action because drivers are not licensed, rider and driver safety,protection and security of customer and driver information, and a lack of adequate insurance coverage. To be successful, Uber must address these issues in its marketing strategy so it can reduce resistance as it expands into other cities.
2-2 Background
In 2009 Travis Kalanick and Garrett Camp developed a smartphone application to connect
drivers-for-hire with people needing rides to a destination in their city. Earlier in the year the
founders had attended the inaugural address in Washington, D.C. and could not hail a taxi.
They recognized the need for a convenient, low-cost transportation service. This innovative
service was originally founded.
2 postsRe Topic 2 DQ 1Social determinants of health are fac.docxherminaprocter
2 posts
Re: Topic 2 DQ 1
Social determinants of health are factors affecting peoples’ health, functioning and well-being, such as environmental conditions, social, and economic variables. Socioeconomic environmental factors contributing to infectious disease occurrence include crowding, unsanitary, unavailability of uncontaminated foods and water. These conditions provide an environment required for continuous chain of infection; the process required for transmission of disease. There are 6 components in the chain, or a cycle, of infection: organisms, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and a suspectable host (Green, 2018). To stop spreading of a communicable disease, the process has to interrupted or the chain of infection has to be broken at any point. Nurses, working in communities can decrease of the infectious diseases spreading. Promoting vaccination to lowering susceptible hosts number; and educating on sign and symptoms for early self-isolation to protect one’s family members from getting sick, breaking the transmission link. Educating on thorough hand hygiene and reducing face touching may protect one from getting sick eliminate portal of entry link. Proper respiratory hygiene, such as using disposable tissues and covering the mouth when sneezing, may stop the transmission on the stage of the pathogen leaving the reservoir via portal of exit (CDC.gov).
Noncommunicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, have grown in endemic and epidemic proportions, are developing from a combination of determinants including environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors, additionally to genetic disposition (Green, 2018). Lack of knowledge and motivation, unavailability of healthcare services and financial resources contribute to developing of such diseases.q
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2 peer responses due in 4 hoursMALEETAS POSTWorld War .docxherminaprocter
2 peer responses due in 4 hours
MALEETA'S POST:
World War II film
Saving Private Ryan (1998), directed by one of my favorites,
Steven Spielberg, is what I the topic my topic of week five’s discussion. This film is like no other World War II film that I have seen because of the realistic combat. I found myself getting overwhelmed, covering my eyes, and getting sick to my stomach from time to time through the movie. From the very beginning of the film on Omaha Beach, the D-Day landing scene gave me a glimpse of how the stress of combat experience could have felt.
Movie-watchers do not think about how the color scheme plays a significant part and sets different tones. The muddy browns, dark greens, and greys are the predominant colors throughout the movie. This movie does not have many vibrant, happy colors, and for a good reason. For instance, in
Saving Private Ryan
, the Normandy landing scene opens slowly to a beach. The setting is solemn, and the continuous color scheme of bland greys is an excellent cinematography piece. I felt like it made the red blood colors and the explosion colors stand out even more. Also, almost every shot was dreary and had vintage-like colors that gave the feeling of war and hopelessness. There was a part in this scene when the soldiers were near water that contrasted the typically dreary colors with a calming blue hue. The change of color gave me some hope that it may be safer under the surface, and then those hopes were instantly shattered when shots were fired, and red clouds pierced through the calming blue colors punishing me for even thinking there was any hope approaching the soldiers. This is an excellent mise-en-scene because it represented my change of emotions.
Another color paly example is in the scene where “Duty” is talking and joking as the crew marches toward their mission. Throughout this scene, the conversation is more cheerful, but the lighting and colors of grey and green continue to give a gloomy narrative, so my mood does not change much.
Saving Private Ryan has the same dull, dreary colors and low-key lighting, which looks dark and intensifies the shadows as the other War films in Week Five’s content. The desaturation of color is often used in war films.
Saving Private Ryan’s narrative, editing, camera movement, and color scheme throughout the movie jumped out of the screen and attacked me as a viewer. Every part of its cinematography placed the watcher in the combat experience, and I loved it in a good but bad way.
COLIN'S POST:
The war film I watched for this week was
1917 (2019)
directed by Sam Mendes. This film takes place during World War I and follows two British soldiers throughout most of the movie. This film is unique because it is shot as a "one shot film" where the director uses lighting and different angles with very few cuts to give a continuous feeling throughout the entire film. It gives audiences a more connected feeling as it seems like the scenes never end.
2 Pages for 4 questions below1) Some say that analytics in gener.docxherminaprocter
2 Pages for 4 questions below
1) Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and other say they do not. Discuss arguments for both point of view.
2) What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3) Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4) Search the internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and team work.
Reflection paper 3 Pages
What has been significant about this course that will help you perform data science tasks in the future.
Please refer to at least
2 items
in the course content that really stood out to either positive or negative.
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2 Ethics Session 1.pptxEthics in Engineering Pra.docxherminaprocter
2 Ethics Session 1.pptx
Ethics in Engineering Practice
MET 2711
1
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
What is Engineering?
Engineers concern themselves with:
“the art of the practical application of scientific and empirical knowledge to the design and production or accomplishment of various sorts of constructive projects, machines and materials of use or value to man.”
“Value is not necessarily measured by an economic yardstick; the ancient pyramids and not a few structures since are of slight economic worth, while their value in terms of faith and beauty has often been considerable.”
2
Socrates on Ethics
Ethics are the norms by which acceptable and unacceptable behavior are measured.
According to Socrates, one develops ethics through maturity, wisdom and love.
Introduced the concept of teaching ethics and acceptable standards of conduct in 400 B.C.
Believed virtue was found primarily in human relationships, love and friendship, not through material gains.
3
https://classroom.synonym.com/what-were-socrates-beliefs-on-ethics-12084753.html
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
A Brief Look at Engineering Projects Through the Ages
4
Roman Aquaducts
Contributed to the health and welfare of the society
Provided 200 million gallons of clean running water and plumbing to individual structures daily (200 gallons per person)
Supported economic activity
Allowed city of Rome to grow to approximately 1 million people
312 BCE to 500 AD
5
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Earliest and largest free-standing dome
Built as Europe recovered from the Black Plague, which killed approximately 1/3 of the population
An example of a project that reflected optimism for the future (faith and beauty)
Design competition in 1423
Brunelleschi proposes unique design, but contract requires him to share project responsibilities with Ghiberti
Brunelleschi had lost prior design competition to Ghiberti
6
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36
Santa Maria del Fiori (Florence Basilica)
Designs unique dome requiring no scaffolding. Uses brick in herringbone pattern to distribute weight out and down.
Includes a series of horizontal chains to keep structure from expanding outward
When time to install chains, Brunelleschi claims to be ill, so Ghiberti starts chain installation (without full details from Brunelleschi)
Brunelleschi “recovers” and criticizes the work, saying it will all have to be re-done
Setting up his fellow architect to fail (dishonorable conduct)
7
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-ar.
2 1 5L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e sC H A P T E R.docxherminaprocter
2 1 5
L e a r n I n g o b j e c t I v e s
C H A P T E R 8
H U M A N R E S O U R C E S
M A N A G E M E N T
They’re not employees, they’re people.
—Peter Drucker
➤ Describe the range of human resource functions in the medical practice.
➤ Appreciate the range of professionals that are found in medical practices.
➤ Articulate the steps in the hiring function.
➤ Understand regulations that are specific to the employment process.
➤ Illustrate the steps in managing change.
➤ Describe why leading change is important to medical practice management.
In t r o d u c t I o n
Healthcare employment constitutes about 9 percent of the American workforce, with about
3 percent being professionals (KFF 2016). Hiring and sustaining a high-caliber staff are
two of the most important functions of managing a physician practice. Without a prop-
erly trained and motivated staff, providing high-quality services to the practice’s patients
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 4/7/2020 7:56 PM via SUNY CANTON
AN: 1839064 ; Wagner, Stephen L..; Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management
Account: s8846236.main.eds
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f M e d i c a l P r a c t i c e M a n a g e m e n t2 1 6
is difficult. An old saying in human resources management, “Hire for attitude, and train
for skill,” is particularly applicable today, when in the highly competitive medical practice
environment, patients have increasingly high expectations of their providers. Simply having
technical skills is not adequate to build and maintain a successful practice. Staff must be
able to engage patients in a positive and constructive way to earn their trust and satisfac-
tion. Although data seem to conflict on this point, many researchers believe engaged and
satisfied patients are more likely to comply with the instructions of their providers than are
disengaged, unsatisfied patients, leading to better outcomes (e.g., Kane, Maciejewski, and
Finch 1997). More recently, a study by Fenton, Jerant, and Bertaski (2012) found little
connection between satisfaction and clinical outcome; in fact, the researchers found that
mortality was higher, as were expenditures and utilization, among more satisfied groups.
Other authors have observed this tenuous connection as well (Kennedy, Tevis, and Kent
2014). The controversy has intensified as more physician payment is tied to patient satis-
faction. Some issues that complicate this concept are the lack of common definitions and
measures of satisfaction and the complexity inherent in defining.
2 Requirements Elicitation A Survey of Techniques, Ap.docxherminaprocter
2 Requirements Elicitation: A Survey of Techniques,
Approaches, and Tools
Didar Zowghi and Chad Coulin
Abstract: Requirements elicitation is the process of seeking, uncovering, acquir-
ing, and elaborating requirements for computer based systems. It is generally un-
derstood that requirements are elicited rather than just captured or collected. This
implies there are discovery, emergence, and development elements to the elicita-
tion process. Requirements elicitation is a complex process involving many ac-
tivities with a variety of available techniques, approaches, and tools for perform-
ing them. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these determine when each is
appropriate depending on the context and situation. The objectives of this chapter
are to present a comprehensive survey of important aspects of the techniques, ap-
proaches, and tools for requirements elicitation, and examine the current issues,
trends, and challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in this field.
Keywords: requirements, elicitation, techniques, approaches, tools, issues, chal-
lenges, trends, survey.
2.1 Introduction
The importance of requirements engineering (RE) within software systems deve l-
opment has long been established and recognized by researchers and practitioners
alike (Chapter 1). The elicitation of requirements represents an early but continu-
ous and critical stage in the development of software systems. The requirements
for a software system may be spread across many sources. These include the prob-
lem owners, the stakeholders, documentation, and other existing systems. Because
of the communication rich nature of requirements elicitation activities, many of
the effective techniques do not originate from the traditional areas of software en-
gineering or computer science research. Techniques for requirements elicitation
are derived mostly from the social sciences, organizational theory, group dynam-
ics, knowledge engineering, and very often from practical experience.
The process of requirements elicitation is generally accepted as one of the criti-
cal activities in the RE process. Getting the right requirements is considered as a
vital but difficult part of software development projects [36]. A recent field study
of fifteen RE teams carried out by Hofmann and Lehner [31] identified key RE
practices that should lead to project success. Effective elicitation of requirements
was arguably among the most important of the resulting recommended good RE
practices.
Requirements elicitation itself is a very complex process involving many activi-
ties, with multiple techniques available to perform these activities. The multi-
disciplinary nature of requirements elicitation only adds to this complexity. Elici-
tation is subject to a large degree of error, influenced by key factors ingrained in
communication problems. Despite the importance of requirements elicitation
within software development, insufficient.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
12Week IV, Discussion Post Care for the Client with a Subst.docx
1. 1
2
Week IV, Discussion Post: Care for the Client with a Substance
Abuse Diagnosis
Opioids are substances extracted from opium poppy, they are a
sophisticated group of prescribed drugs that are used in pain
management, especially after significant surgeries.
Unfortunately, when these medications are used in an
uncontrolled manner, they have adverse addictive effects. These
drugs are specifically designed to treat severe pain and are often
prescribed following surgery or injury or for health conditions
that cause extensive chronic illness such as cancer. At times,
when taken in a way other than prescribed by a licensed
practitioner, they can cause euphoric and pleasurable effects,
making them a high demand on the streets. The death statistics
resulting from opioid overdose in the United States between
1999 and 2010 increased exponentially, and it was recorded that
in 2010 alone, the number of deaths recorded from opioid
overdose was 16,651 deaths (Volkow, Frieden, Hyde, P. & Cha,
S., 2014).
In the last 20 years, both therapeutic and illicit opioid use has
escalated in the United States (Volkow et al., 2014). The total
number of opioid prescriptions dispensed from the United States
outpatient retail pharmacies increased from 174.1 million in
2000 to 256.9 million in 2009 (Brown, A.R., 2018). The over-
prescription of opioid medications widely contributes to an
increase in opioid overdose, and this has had a massive impact
on the states. The United States has used more than 1 trillion
dollars since the year 2001 to try and contain the pandemic.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that
the total "economic burden" of prescription opioid misuse alone
in the United States is $78.5 billion a year, including the costs
of healthcare, lost productivity, addiction treatment, and
criminal justice involvement. The increase in drugs used by
2. injection has also contributed to the spread of diseases
including HIV and hepatitis C. As we have seen throughout the
history of medicine, science can be a major part of the solution
in such a public health crisis. Expanding access to effective,
evidence-based treatments for those with addiction and also less
severe substance use disorders is critical, but broader
prevention programs and policies are also essential to reduce
substance misuse and the pervasive health and social problems
caused by it.
Time and again, studies have found that there are high levels of
correlation between mental and emotional disorders and
addiction. This means that those who suffer from addiction have
a higher-than-average likelihood of also suffering from a
psychiatric disorder (Coon, Mitterer, & Martini, 2019). That
said, it is extremely important for the Psychiatric Mental Health
Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) to recognize both physical and
mental exam findings consistent with substance abuse disorder.
The earlier a diagnosis is made, the better the prognosis.
However, use over periods of years produces physical and
psychological findings that make diagnosis much easier. Some
examples of physical symptoms and findings that ensue after
persistent use include the following:
· Malnutrition, including cachexia, but also obesity (the person
may forget to eat, not want to eat, or eat unhealthily because the
only thing that makes them feel better is drugs or alcohol).
· Systemic infections including cellulitis, sexually transmitted
diseases, HIV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, and bacterial
endocarditis (the individual may use dirty needles, have
unprotected sex for drugs, live or sleep in filthy crowded areas).
· Elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, chest pain, transient
ischemic attacks, restlessness, sweating, and tremors (symptoms
consistent of withdrawal).
· Physical damage from administering a drug that involve
chronic sinus/nasal problems, worsening bronchitis from
marijuana or cocaine smoking, or "track marks" from injection
drug use
3. · The myriad systemic effects of alcoholism, including delirium,
liver enlargement or failure, ascites, anemia, thrombocytopenia
and bleeding, seizures, trauma, myopathy, and cardiomyopathy
(Alcohol damages the liver, which is responsible for filtering
out toxins and blood clotting).
· Increased aggression, irritability, personality changes,
lethargy, and depression
Every substance has slightly different effects on the brain, but
all addictive drugs, including alcohol, opioids, and cocaine,
produce a pleasurable surge of the neurotransmitter dopamine in
the basal ganglia This area is responsible for controlling
reward and our ability to learn based on rewards. As substance
use increases, these circuits adapt. They scale back their
sensitivity to dopamine, leading to a reduction in a substance’s
ability to produce euphoria or the “high” that comes from using
it (Knudson, Abraham, & Roman, 2011). This is known
as tolerance, and it reflects the way that the brain maintains
balance and adjusts to a new normal, the frequent presence of
the substance. However, as a result, users often increase the
amount of the substance they take so that they can reach the
level of high they are used to. These same circuits control our
ability to take pleasure from ordinary rewards like food, sex,
and social interaction, and when they are disrupted by substance
use, the rest of life can feel less and less enjoyable to the user
when they are not using the substance.
Management of alcohol withdrawal is directed at
alleviating symptoms and identifying and correcting metabolic
derangements. Benzodiazepines are used to control psychomotor
agitation and prevent progression to more severe withdrawal.
Supportive care, including intravenous fluids, nutritional
supplementation, and frequent clinical reassessment including
vital signs, is important (Spithoff et al., 2017).
Treatment with opioid agonists (methadone or buprenorphine) is
the first-line treatment for opioid use disorder (Knudson et al.,
2011).
The CDC (2020) recognizes that group therapy has been a core
4. aspect of drug and alcohol addiction recovery for several
decades, and it has proven to be very effective. Clients that
participate in group therapy have a higher rate of accountability
regarding their own behaviors. Motivational interviewing and
cognitive behavioral therapies are also remarkably effective on
an individualized level (Centers of Disease Control and
Prevention, 2020).
Brown, A. R. (2018). A Systematic Review of Psychosocial
Interventions in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction. Journal of
Social Work Practice in Addictions, 28(4), 135-142. Retrieved
from www.practiceinaddictions.com
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. (2020).
https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html
Spithoff, S., Turner, S., Gomes, T., Martins, D., & Singh, S.
(2017). First-line medications for alcohol use disorders among
public drug plan beneficiaries in Ontario. Canadian family
physician Medecin de famille canadien, 63(5), e277–e283.
Volkow, N., Frieden, T., Hyde, P., & Cha, S. (2014).
Medication-assisted therapies-tackling the opioid overdose
epidemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 67(2), 181-187.
Retrieved from www.nejm.org
Discussion Question Rubric
Note: Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based
practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on
your textbook as a reference); and National Standard
Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide
any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on
the rubric.
5. Discussion Question Rubric – 100 Points
Criteria
Exemplary
Exceeds Expectations
Advanced
Meets Expectations
Intermediate
Needs Improvement
Novice
Inadequate
Total Points
Quality of Initial Post
Provides clear examples supported by course content and
references.
Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly
resource that was not provided in the course materials.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with
explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-
based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course
content using course materials and scholarly resources to
support importantpoints.
Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions.
Cites two references.
35 points
Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with
definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with
minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application
to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development.
6. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or
development.
Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion
instructions.
Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support
content.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role
development. Synthesis of course content is superficial.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or
inadequate preparation.
No references cited.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points
40
Peer Response Post
Offers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the
discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer
post. Post provides additional value to the conversation.
All instruction requirements noted.
40 points
Evidence of further synthesis of course content. Provides
clarification and new information or insight related to the
7. content of the peer’s post.
Response is supported by course content and a minimum of one
scholarly reference per each peer post.
All instruction requirements noted.
35 points
Lacks clarification or new information. Scholarly reference
supports the content in the peer post without adding new
information or insight.
Missing reference from one peer post.
Partially followed instructions regarding number of reply posts.
Most instruction requirements are noted.
31 points
Post is primarily a summation of peer’s post without further
synthesis of course content.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or
inadequate preparation.
Did not follow instructions regarding number of reply posts.
Missing reference from peer posts.
Missing several instruction requirements.
Submits post late.
27 points
40
Frequency of Distribution
8. Initial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days.
All instruction requirements noted.
10 points
Initial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days.
8 points
Minimum of two post options (initial and/or peer) made on
separate days.
7 points
All posts made on same day.
Submission demonstrates inadequate preparation.
No post submitted.
6 points
10
Organization
Well-organized content with a clear and complex purpose
statement and content argument. Writing is concise with a
logical flow of ideas
5 points
Organized content with an informative purpose statement,
supportive content, and summary statement. Argument content
is developed with minimal issues in content flow.
4 points
Poor organization and flow of ideas distract from content.
Narrative is difficult to follow and frequently causes reader to
reread work.
Purpose statement is noted.
9. 3 points
Illogical flow of ideas. Prose rambles. Purpose statement is
unclear or missing.
Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or
inadequate preparation.
No purpose statement.
Submits assignment late.
2 points
5
APA, Grammar, and Spelling
Correct APA formatting with no errors.
The writer correctly identifies reading audience, as
demonstrated by appropriate language (avoids jargon and
simplifies complex concepts appropriately).
Writing is concise, in active voice, and avoids awkward
transitions and overuse of conjunctions.
There are no spelling, punctuation, or word-usage errors.
5 points
Correct and consistent APA formatting of references and cites
all references used. No more than two unique APA errors.
The writer demonstrates correct usage of formal English
language in sentence construction. Variation in sentence
structure and word usage promotes readability.
There are minimal to no grammar, punctuation, or word-usage
errors.
10. 4 points
Three to four unique APA formatting errors.
The writer occasionally uses awkward sentence construction or
overuses/inappropriately uses complex sentence structure.
Problems with word usage (evidence of incorrect use of
thesaurus) and punctuation persist, often causing some
difficulties with grammar. Some words, transitional phrases,
and conjunctions are overused.
Multiple grammar, punctuation, or word usage errors.
3 points
Five or more unique formatting errors or no attempt to format in
APA.
The writer demonstrates limited understanding of formal written
language use; writing is colloquial (conforms to spoken
language).
The writer struggles with limited vocabulary and has difficulty
conveying meaning such that only the broadest, most general
messages are presented.
Grammar and punctuation are consistently incorrect. Spelling
errors are numerous.
Submits assignment late.
2 points
5
Total Points
100
11. Care for the Client with a Substance Use Diagnosis
Hi, and thank you. I only need two reply posts, one for each of
the students below. I did already complete the discussion post
itself. I highlighted the directions. It does not have to be too
extensive. Could you please just separate the two replies for me
(on different documents)?
Thank you!!
Initial Post
In a Word document, address the following prompts:
· Elaborate on etiology, stressors, problems of addiction,
dependence, and relapse in the U.S. currently.
· Discuss potential objective physical and mental examination
findings when examining a client with a substance abuse issues
with rationales.
· Discuss the neurobiological mechanism that underlies the
addictive behavior reinforcing properties.
· What are the first-line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy
interventions with implications for monitoring (for alcohol and
for opioid abuse).
Post your completed Word document to this discussion forum.
Use APA format with reference list (two to three books and/or
articles).
Reply Posts
Reply to at least two of your peers. In your replies, write a
maximum two paragraphs for each reply with two to three
sentences each that synthesizes one to two pieces of research.
Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this
activity will be graded.
The described expectations meet the passing level of 80%.
Students are directed to review the Discussion Grading Rubric
for criteria which exceed expectations
First Reply
Shannon Schaal
12. Substance abuse is defined as the hazardous or harmful
use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit
drugs (World Health Organization, 2020). Substance abuse is
characterized by overindulgence in an addictive substance.
From 1999 to 2016, over 630,000 people have died from a drug
overdose (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020).
Substance abuse has become an epidemic in the United States.
Increased numbers of individuals are dying every day due to
overdoses. Approximately 66% of all drug overdose deaths in
2016 involved an opioid (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 2020). Barry, Sherman, and McGinty (2018) report
that opiate overdoses are the leading cause of injury related
death in the United States and contribute to reversals in life
expectancy gains. On average, 115 Americans die daily from an
opioid overdose (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2020). Access to drugs is becoming easier and easier.
Individuals are beginning drug use at younger ages. Drug
addiction can destroy a person’s life. Substance abuse can lead
to poor family dynamics, domestic violence, child abuse,
vehicle accidents, loss of employment, and even death. The
purpose of this discussion is to review the etiology of substance
dependence, discuss objective physical and mental examination
findings for a substance abuse patient, and discuss the
neurobiological mechanism that underlies addictive behavior.
This discussion will also review first-line pharmacological and
psychotherapeutic interventions for substance abuse.
There are multiple factors that contribute to the
etiology of substance use disorders including psychodynamic
factors, genetic factors, and neurochemical factors. Sadock,
Sadock, and Ruiz (2014) report that addiction has been
described as a “brain disease”, and that the critical processes
that transform voluntary drug-using behavior to compulsive
drug use are changes in the structure and neurochemistry of the
brain of the drug user. Drug availability, social acceptability,
and peer pressures may be the major determinants of initial drug
use; however, other factors such as personality and individual
13. biology play a key role in how the effects of a given drug are
perceived and the degree to which repeated drug use produces
changes in the central nervous system (Sadock et al., 2014).
Other factors, including the particular actions of the drug, may
be primary determinants of whether drug use progresses to drug
dependence, whereas still others may be important influences on
the likelihood that drug use (1) leads to adverse effects or (2)
leads to successful recovery from dependence (Sadock et al.,
2014). As with treatment for other chronic diseases, treatment
for addiction does not offer a cure. The chronic nature of
addiction means that for some people relapse,or a return to drug
use after an attempt to stop, can be part of the process (National
Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020). Recent drug relapse statistics
show that more than 85% of individuals relapse and return to
drug use within the year following treatment (American
Addiction Centers, 2020). Researchers estimate that more than
two thirds of individuals in recovery relapse within weeks to
months of beginning addiction treatment (American Addiction
Centers, 2020). These statistics reinforce the importance of
addiction treatment programs and access to treatment.
There are several objective physical and mental
examination findings which can indicate the presence of a
substance use disorder. Mersy (2013) reports that physical exam
findings that can suggest the presence of a substance use
disorder include tremor (suggestive of withdrawal from alcohol
or opiates), odor of alcohol on breath, enlarged or tender liver,
nasal irritation (suggestive or snorting substances), labile blood
pressure or tachycardia (suggestive of intoxication or
withdrawal from multiple substances), presence of hepatitis B
or C, or presence of HIV infection (suggestive of possible
needle sharing). Mental examination findings suggestive of a
substance use disorder include insomnia, history of frequent
trauma, frequent absences from work/school, sexual
dysfunction, and presence of other mental health disorders
(Mersy, 2013). A high prevalence of additional psychiatric
disorders is found among persons seeking treatment for
14. substance abuse; and some studies have shown that up to 50%
of those suffering from addiction have a comorbid psychiatric
disorder (Sadock et al., 2014). Additionally, positive results on
various screening tools can be suggestive of the presence of a
substance use disorder.
Understanding the neurobiological mechanism is
critical in understanding addiction. Researchers have identified
particular neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors
involved with most substances of abuse. The major
neurotransmitters involved in developing substance abuse and
substance dependence are the opioid, catecholamine
(particularly dopamine), and GABA systems (Sadock et al.,
2014). Even in a person with completely normal receptor
function and neurotransmitter concentration, the long-term use
of a particular substance of abuse may eventually modulate
receptor systems in the brain so that the presence of the
substance in needed to maintain homeostasis (Sadock et al.,
2014).
There are various pharmacological treatments available
for substance use disorders. Saxon, Strain, and Peavy (2020)
report that first-line pharmacological treatment for patients with
an opioid use disorder include treatment with an opioid agonist
or an opioid antagonist. Examples of these medications include
methadone, subutex, and suboxone. The use of methadone
requires close monitoring. Most patients using methadone are
required to visit clinics daily to receive dosage administration.
Subutex and suboxone are available by prescription.
Medications used during alcohol withdrawal include
benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, anticonvulsants, clonidine, and
beta blockers (Sadock et al., 2014). Most clinicians choose
benzodiazepines for safety (Sadock et al., 2014). Patients
withdrawing from alcohol should be monitored for the duration
of detoxification, which is typically five to seven days for most
patients. If detoxification from alcohol has been completed and
the patient does not have a comorbid mental health condition,
little evidence favors prescribing psychotropic medications for
15. the treatment of alcoholism (Sadock et al., 2014). However,
certain medications can be prescribed to blunt the rewarding
effects of drinking and decrease alcohol cravings. These
medications include naltrexone and campral.
There are various psychotherapeutic treatments
available for substance use disorders. Dickerson et al. (2018)
report that motivational interviewing is one of the best studied
evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders.
Motivational interviewing is described as a directive, client-
centered counselling style for eliciting behavior change by
helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence (Rollnick &
Miller, 2013). Another effective psychotherapy method for
treatment of substance use disorders is cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT). Easton, Crane, and Mandel (2018) report that
CBT utilizes social learning theory, classical conditioning, and
operant conditioning to help individuals acquire healthier,
prosocial behaviors to replace established maladaptive
behaviors. Easton et al. (2018) further report that ample
evidence across several randomized controlled trials supports
the effectiveness of CBT at decreasing alcohol and drug use.
Research indicates an enhanced treatment outcome and longer
period of recovery with the combined treatment of motivational
interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy when compared
with either treatment alone (Khattra et al. 2017)
Second Reply
Priscilla Asonye
According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2018)
(NSDUH, in 2017, about 19.7 million American adults aged (12
and older battled a substance use disorder with almost 74%
suffering from alcohol use disorder and about 38% battled illicit
drug use disorder. In 2017, about 8.5million American adults
were reported to have suffered from both a mental health
disorder and a substance use disorder, or co-occurring disorders
with drug abuse and addiction costing American society more
than $740billion annually in lost workplace productivity,
16. healthcare expenses, and crime-related cost National Institute
on Drug Abuse (2017)
Etiology:
Both the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service
Administration (SAMHSA) and the National Institutes of
Health(NIH) similarly describe addiction as a long- term and
relapsing condition characterized by the individual
compulsively seeking and using drugs despite adverse
consequences. Presently the prevailing view regarding
prediction of whether an individual will become addicted to
substance is that interaction of the person’s unique biology and
environment both influence how the drug will impact a person’s
susceptibility to becoming addicted National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA (2018) According to NIDA (2018), Biological
factors impacting addiction accounts for between 40%-60% of
an individual’s risk for addition, this includes, genes and
epigenetics, gender, ethnicity and stage of development, home
environment, family dynamics, friends and school. According to
NIDA (2018) people get addicted to drugs for many reasons but
one of the major factors behind why drugs are so addictive is
the rewarding, euphoric high they bring about as drugs have the
potential to significantly impact the systems in the brain
relating to pleasure and motivation and making it difficult for
other natural pleasures to compare. Dopamine is one of the
brain chemicals often discussed in the addictive power of
substances. Scientist believe that when a rewarding event
occurs, the brain releases dopamine to signal the experience and
encourage repetition. Dopamine tells the brain that the
experience of using a drug is important and should be repeated
and programed the brain to remember the people, place, things
associated with the use, so it will be easier for the person to
repeat the situation. With repetition, these burst of dopamine
tells the brain to value drugs more than natural reward, and the
brain adjust so that the reward circuit becomes less sensitive to
natural rewards. This can make a person feel depressed or
emotionally “flat” at a time they are not using drug NIDA
17. (2018) Over time, the desire for drug becomes a learned reflex-
so that the person can be triggered to use by people, place, and
things that are alike to their drug use just as someone might get
hungry driving by sight or smell of food NIDA (2018).
Discuss potential objective physical and mental examination
finding s when examining a client with a substance abuse issues
with rationale
According to Johnson and Vanderhoef (2016) substance abuse
or dependence produces many physical symptoms which are
usually a result of sequelae of use or abuse and depending on
whether if the patient is in the intoxicating or withdrawal
stages. Physical finding related to alcohol/substance use
disorders include drastic weight loss or gain, changes in
appearance and or hygiene, dilated or constricted pupils, red
eyes, slurred speech/problem with motor coordination HEENT,
poor oral health Johnson & Vanderhoef (2016)
Specifically, patients going through alcohol cessation or
reduction in substance use has been heavy or prolonged are
known to exhibit the following symptoms, within several hours
or days of reduction or cessation of substance intake: hand
tremor, insomnia, sweating, increase heart rate and increased
BP due to autonomic hyperreflexia Johnson and Vanderhoef
(2016) Patient also exhibits behavior such as hallucination or
illusions, psychomotor agitation, anxiety and may have seizure
also due to autonomic hyperreflexia. For other street drugs and
opioids, different drug use result to different behaviors for
example, stimulants: agitation, anxiety, irritability, mood
swings and elevated mood. Opioids: mood swing, aggression,
disinhibition, impaired cognition, slurred speech and
psychomotor slowing etc. Johnson &Vanderhoef (2016)
Discuss the neurobiological mechanisms that underlies the
addictive behavior reinforcing properties. Positive rewards of
reinforcement result in the social rewards commonly associated
with drug use such as disinhibition, euphoric mood, and anxiety
reduction. Drug- specific alterations in the normal level and
18. function of neurotransmitters occur as the body adapts to the
chronic presence of the substance of abuse. Neuroadaptive
process becomes very significant when the person tops
substance use. Neuroadaptive change may be more enduring in
some person, possibly lasting for years, thus increasing their
potential for relapse. This concept helps to explain why, after a
long period of sobriety, a person who return to substance abuse
often picks up at the same level they stop. Johnson &
Vanderhoef (2016)
What are the first line pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy
intervention with implications for monitoring (for alcohol and
for opioid abuse. According to Johnson and Vanderhoef (2016)
pharmacological treatments are symptom specific. E.g. for acute
alcohol withdrawal (detox agents replace uncontrolled use of
substance with slow tapering of controlled substance such as
benzoes are scheduled and gradually used to minimized
neuroadaptive rebound.
Also polytherapy is newer approach that matches drugs required
for safe and effective withdrawal with neurotransmitter deficiet
created by the substance use. Medication used are SSRI, Opioid
antagonist (naltrexone, anti –seizure meds such as tegretol and
valproic acid, adrenergic medication and anti- craving
medication such as naltrexone and multimodality treatment
possibly for life time treatment often required Johnson and
Vanderhoef (2016)