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4. Shovels, Spades & Scoops
• Versatile tools used for digging & scooping
• Shovels have long handles & are round- or
square-pointed
• Spades have longer blades
• Scoops are flat with high sides
8. Forks
• Pitchfork: Used to
move coarse,
lightweight materials
• Spading Fork: Effective
in breaking up soil clods
9. Rakes
• Metal bow rake:
Used for heavy duty
raking
Lawn rake: Used
for clippings,
leaves, & other
light debris
10. Pruners
• Anvil pruner: Top blade is sharp & cuts against
an anvil-shaped bottom blade
• Bypass pruner: Cuts in a scissor-like manner
with two cutting blades
11. Shears
• Lopping shears: Used to
prune larger limbs, has
2 smaller blades with
long handles
• Hedge shears: Used to
prune & shape hedges;
has 2 scissor-like blades
18. Drop Spreaders
• Have wheel-driven gears
• One wheel drives the roller than pushes the
seeds or fertilizers through the hopper’s
bottom
• Video
19. Sprayers
• Used to apply
pesticides &
fertilizer solutions
• Hand held sprayers
use compressed air
to spray solutions
20. Carts & Wheelbarrows
• Lawn/Utility Carts
are ideal carriers for
equipment &
materials
• Wheelbarrows carry
soil, mulch, or rocks
21. Specialty Tools
• Grass shears: Used to
trip grass in areas
inaccessible to a mower
• Weed cutter: Cuts
weeds & grasses in
uncultivated areas
22. Specialty Tools (cont’d.)
• Trowel: Used to dig
& mix soil & plant
bulbs
• Weeder: Cuts roots
of weeds below the
soil surface
• Cultivator: Has 3-4
tines used to break
up hard soil around
plants
24. Maintaining & Storing Hand
Tools
• Clean tools to remove soil & other debris
• Check tools for bent or dull blades
• Check tools for broken handles
• Replace broken equipment
• Store tools indoors
25. Small Power Tools
• Essential to increase
work efficiency
• Two categories:
– Electric Motor Powered
Tools
– Gasoline Engine
Powered Tools
26. Electric Motor Powered Tools
• Power is supplied by an electric current
• Two types:
– Direct-drive powered
– Pulley-drive powered
28. Pulley-drive Powered
• Power is applied directly to a drive pulley which is
connected to the power head by a belt or chain
• Examples:
– Edgers
– Mower decks
29. Gasoline Engine Powered Tools
• Power is supplied by an internal combustion
engine
• Two types:
– 2-cycle engines
– 4-cycle engines
Video
30. 2-Cycle Engines
• The intake, compression, power, & exhaust cycles
are completed in two strokes
• Equipment examples:
– Trimmer/Weeder
– Leaf Blower
– Chain Saw
Two Stroke Animation
31. 4-Cycle Engines
• Completes intake, compression, power, &
exhaust cycles in four strokes
• Equipment examples:
– Lawn mowers
– Rototiller
– Grass edger
– Aerators
Four Stroke Animation
32. Before Using Power Equipment:
• Inspect the equipment to see if it is
mechanically safe to start
• Check the area in which the tool will be used for
hazards
• Review steps to starting, using & stopping
equipment
• Warn others around when you are about to
begin work
33. Maintaining & Storing Small
Power Tools
• Use basic maintenance & storage procedures
• See operation manual for each type of
equipment
34. Maintaining & Storing Small Power
Tools (cont’d.)
• Clean equipment of dirt & debris after each use
• Clean off any moisture on the exterior of the
equipment
• Store in clean & dry cabinets
• Do not wrap power cords around equipment
35. Large Power Equipment
• Greatly increase the efficiency of work
• Examples:
– Cutting Equipment
– Soil Digging Equipment
– Soil Moving Equipment
– Tillage Equipment
– Tractors
– Transport Equipment
36. Cutting Equipment
• Used to cut materials into small pieces &
maintain grasses
• Examples:
– Grinders
– Mowers
– Shredders
39. Tillage Equipment
• Used to prepare seedbeds, to aerate soils, &
to free soil of weeds
• Examples: Cultivator & Rototiller
40. Tractors
• Often used to operate other types of
equipment
• Uses:
– Mowing
– Towing
– Tilling
– Raking
41. Transport Equipment
• Used to move materials from one place to
another
• Examples:
– Trucks
– Forklifts
– Trailers
– Tree spades
42. Maintaining & Storing Large
Power Equipment
• Check equipment systems regularly to keep them
in proper working order
• Should be stored in a safe & protected manner to
prevent injury & malfunctioning
43. References:
• Biondo, Ronald J. and Charles B. Schroeder. Introduction to Landscaping
Design, Construction, and Maintenance. (2003). Interstate Publishers, Inc.:
Danville, IL.
• Ingels, Jack E. Ornamental Horticulture: Principles & Practices. (1985).
Delmar Publishers Inc.: Albany, New York.
• Introduction to Ornamental Horticulture. (1986). Catalog No. 115B.
Instructional Materials Service: College Station, Texas.
• Ornamental Horticulture. (1982). Department of Vocational Agriculture
and Renewable Natural Resources Education and Washington State
Commission for Vocational Education: Olympia, Washington.
• Richardson, William B. and Gary E. Moore. Working in Horticulture. (1980).
McGraw-Hill, Inc., Dallas, Texas.
