The HMV brand originated in the 1890s with the development of the disc gramophone. By the early 1900s, it had become the Gramophone Company, building a dedicated record factory and opening the first HMV music shop in 1921. In 1931, the Gramophone Company merged with Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. Throughout the 20th century, HMV manufactured radios, televisions and other electronics under various brand names. The iconic Nipper logo, featuring a dog listening to a phonograph, was first used in advertising in 1900 and is based on a painting by Francis Barraud of his brother's dog. The logo has since been updated to look more contemporary while still retaining elements of its heritage.