12- Analyzing Coat Color Mutants - Wild type gerbils from Arizona- Mon.docx
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12. Analyzing Coat Color Mutants - Wild type gerbils from Arizona, Montana, indiana and Califomia are black. - You have obtained pure-breeding mutant varieties of gerbils that are white or pink from these different places. - You know that each gerbil strain has a mutation in a single autosomal gene. - The table below shows E1 proseny obtained when crossing purebreeding WT and mutants to each other. - Bolded boxes at the top and side indicate the purebreeding parent strains you crossed to each other. - The intersection of these boxes represents the phenotype of the F 1 offspring of a particular cross. For each cross, you can assume 100% of the F1 progeny are of the color indicated. a) What is the purpose of crossing the mutant to wild type (black) and observing F1 progeny phenotypes? b) What is the purpose of crossing the mutants to each other and observing F1 progeny phenotypes? c) Which of the strains cannot be used for the analysis you described in (b)? Why? d) When you cross pure-breeding white from Arizona and indiana to each other, you get black in the F 1 . What does this indicate about the mutations that give rise to white in these 2 strains? e) To further explain your answer in (d), assign genotypes for the cross between the 2 purebreeding strains from Indiana and Arizona and their resulting F 1 . Use the letter A if only alleles of one gene are segregating in the cross, letters A and B if 2 genes are involved, etc. Denote dominant alleles with a capital letter and recessive alleles with a small letter. .
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Soalan bioday
A male homozygous dominant black mouse is bred with a female homozygous recessive brown mouse. The offspring would be expected to be 100% black, as the black phenotype is dominant over brown.
Genetics
Inheritance is the study of heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s and formulated the fundamental laws of heredity. Genes located on chromosomes control characteristics and are inherited in pairs, with one gene from each parent. Genes come in different forms called alleles, which can be dominant or recessive. Genetic crosses using Punnett squares can predict the inheritance of traits in offspring based on the alleles present in the parents.
BI 211 Graded problem set 9 The drosophila alleles for black.pdf
BI 211 Graded problem set 9 The drosophila alleles for black body (instead of the normal tan
color, which is the wild type) and curved Wings (instead of the wild-type straight wings) are both
recessive and on chromosome 2. Gene "C" designates color, with alleles C representing the
dominant tan allele and c representing the recessive black allele, while gene " W " designates the
wing shape gene with W being the dominant straight allele and w the recessive curved allele. You
want to discover how close together these two genes are on chromosome 2. You place one male
from a pure breeding stock and one female from a pure breeding stock (these are the 'parental'
flies) into vial 1. The offspring of this cross (cross 1) hatch in vial 1 . These F1 offspring are
heterozygous for both genes. 1. What is (are) the genotype(s) of the offspring of cross 1 (the F1
flies)? b. To perform the mapping experiment, you select a single male with the genotype coww
and place it into a vial you label 'vial 2' along with a female F1; this is cross 2 . You get 500
offspring in vial 2 (these are the F2 fies). Among these F2 flies, 65 have tan bodies and curved
wings, 70 have black bodies and straight wings, 190 have black bodies and curved wings, and 175
have tan bodies and straight wings. What are the genotypes of offspring with parental phenotypes
(hint there are twol). Show your work. c. What are the genotypes of the recombinant offspring
(hint: there are also twol). d. Two true breeding parents (parents of cross 1) gave rise to the F 1
flies in vial 1. What is the genotype of each parent? parent 1: parent 2: e. What is the percent of
recombinants for these two genes? Show your work..
5. genetics
The document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. It then explains various genetic concepts like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex-linked inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and uses examples like blood types and flower color to illustrate these concepts. The document also discusses how pedigrees can be used to track genetic traits within a family.
5. genetics
The document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. It then explains various genetic concepts like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex-linked inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and uses examples like blood types and flower color to illustrate these concepts. The document also discusses how pedigrees can be used to track genetic traits within a family.
1. In the ADABarka plant the synthesis of pink pigment in the petals .pdf
1. In the ADABarka plant the synthesis of pink pigment in the petals is controlled by two genes,
S and K. (Unless told otherwise, you can always assume that all other genes in a pathway are
homozygous WT in these individuals.) The pathway is If a pure breeding plant was unable to
catalyze the first reaction, what color of petals would you expect to see? If a pure breeding plant
was unable to catalyze the second reaction, what color of petals would you expect to see? If the
plants from parts .a and b were crossed, what color petals will these FI offspring plants have?
What would be the expected phenotypic ratios in a cross between F1 plants? Make sure you
include phenotypic class information with your ratios.
Solution
a. the colour would always be yellow
b.the colour would be green
c: the flowers would be pink coloured because on crossing a would have k geneintact and b
would have s gene intact ... thus whole pathway is complimented and pink colour is the result
...... but genotype would be s1s0k1k0 kind (1 and 0 mean presence and absence of gene).
d. since f1 will genotype s1s0k1ko on selfing
(s1s0k1k0 x s1s0k1k0 ) gametes produced would be s1k1, s1k0, s0k1, s0k0 assuming 1 and 0
mean presence and absence of allele
we will have ratio as 7 pink :3 green: 2yellow
hope it answers your question
should u need further clarification kindly tell.
Presentation 02 genetics i
The document discusses several of Gregor Mendel's discoveries and laws of genetics from his experiments with pea plants including:
1) Mendel's law of segregation which states that alleles for a gene separate into gametes during reproduction.
2) His law of independent assortment which states that different genes assort independently if located on separate chromosomes.
3) That dominant alleles are fully expressed in heterozygotes while recessive alleles have no visible effect.
Help if you can Genetics question. thanks beforehand! You continue y.pdf
Help if you can Genetics question. thanks beforehand! You continue your experiments with the
black mutation on chromosome II. You cross the reciprocal translocation strain to the black pure
line to generate F_1 flies that are both translocation heterozygotes and Bb heterozygotes. As
before, you testcross F_1 males and females in two separate experiments. What can you
conclude from these results? Select all statements that are true. The F_2 progeny in both
experiments contain recombinants. The F_2 progeny contain recombinants only when F?_1
females are testcrossed. None of the F_2 progeny classes require crossing over. Some of the
F_2 progeny classes require crossing over, others do not. Chromosome II is one of the
chromosomes involved in the reciprocal balanced translocation.
Solution
Since the recombinants can be formed only when there is cross over in atleast one the parent; the
F2 progeny from cross between F1 males and pure black females do not have recombinants.
Only the F2 progeny from the cross between F1 females and pure black males have the
recombinants as cross over occurs in F1 female. The F2 progeny has both parental types and
recombinants; formation of parental types does not require the crossover. Therefore, some of the
F2 progeny class require cross over while others do not. Since the gene is present on the
chromosome II, it is involved in the reciprocal translocation.
Correct statements are
1: The F2 progeny has recombinants only when F1 females are testcrossed
2: Some of the F2 progeny classes require crossing over; others donot.
3: Chromosome II is one of the chromosome for reciprocal translocation..
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A male homozygous dominant black mouse is bred with a female homozygous recessive brown mouse. The offspring would be expected to be 100% black, as the black phenotype is dominant over brown.
Genetics
Inheritance is the study of heredity, or the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s and formulated the fundamental laws of heredity. Genes located on chromosomes control characteristics and are inherited in pairs, with one gene from each parent. Genes come in different forms called alleles, which can be dominant or recessive. Genetic crosses using Punnett squares can predict the inheritance of traits in offspring based on the alleles present in the parents.
BI 211 Graded problem set 9 The drosophila alleles for black.pdf
BI 211 Graded problem set 9 The drosophila alleles for black body (instead of the normal tan
color, which is the wild type) and curved Wings (instead of the wild-type straight wings) are both
recessive and on chromosome 2. Gene "C" designates color, with alleles C representing the
dominant tan allele and c representing the recessive black allele, while gene " W " designates the
wing shape gene with W being the dominant straight allele and w the recessive curved allele. You
want to discover how close together these two genes are on chromosome 2. You place one male
from a pure breeding stock and one female from a pure breeding stock (these are the 'parental'
flies) into vial 1. The offspring of this cross (cross 1) hatch in vial 1 . These F1 offspring are
heterozygous for both genes. 1. What is (are) the genotype(s) of the offspring of cross 1 (the F1
flies)? b. To perform the mapping experiment, you select a single male with the genotype coww
and place it into a vial you label 'vial 2' along with a female F1; this is cross 2 . You get 500
offspring in vial 2 (these are the F2 fies). Among these F2 flies, 65 have tan bodies and curved
wings, 70 have black bodies and straight wings, 190 have black bodies and curved wings, and 175
have tan bodies and straight wings. What are the genotypes of offspring with parental phenotypes
(hint there are twol). Show your work. c. What are the genotypes of the recombinant offspring
(hint: there are also twol). d. Two true breeding parents (parents of cross 1) gave rise to the F 1
flies in vial 1. What is the genotype of each parent? parent 1: parent 2: e. What is the percent of
recombinants for these two genes? Show your work..
5. genetics
The document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. It then explains various genetic concepts like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex-linked inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and uses examples like blood types and flower color to illustrate these concepts. The document also discusses how pedigrees can be used to track genetic traits within a family.
5. genetics
The document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and his discovery of the principles of heredity, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes. It then explains various genetic concepts like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex-linked inheritance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance and uses examples like blood types and flower color to illustrate these concepts. The document also discusses how pedigrees can be used to track genetic traits within a family.
1. In the ADABarka plant the synthesis of pink pigment in the petals .pdf
1. In the ADABarka plant the synthesis of pink pigment in the petals is controlled by two genes,
S and K. (Unless told otherwise, you can always assume that all other genes in a pathway are
homozygous WT in these individuals.) The pathway is If a pure breeding plant was unable to
catalyze the first reaction, what color of petals would you expect to see? If a pure breeding plant
was unable to catalyze the second reaction, what color of petals would you expect to see? If the
plants from parts .a and b were crossed, what color petals will these FI offspring plants have?
What would be the expected phenotypic ratios in a cross between F1 plants? Make sure you
include phenotypic class information with your ratios.
Solution
a. the colour would always be yellow
b.the colour would be green
c: the flowers would be pink coloured because on crossing a would have k geneintact and b
would have s gene intact ... thus whole pathway is complimented and pink colour is the result
...... but genotype would be s1s0k1k0 kind (1 and 0 mean presence and absence of gene).
d. since f1 will genotype s1s0k1ko on selfing
(s1s0k1k0 x s1s0k1k0 ) gametes produced would be s1k1, s1k0, s0k1, s0k0 assuming 1 and 0
mean presence and absence of allele
we will have ratio as 7 pink :3 green: 2yellow
hope it answers your question
should u need further clarification kindly tell.
Presentation 02 genetics i
The document discusses several of Gregor Mendel's discoveries and laws of genetics from his experiments with pea plants including:
1) Mendel's law of segregation which states that alleles for a gene separate into gametes during reproduction.
2) His law of independent assortment which states that different genes assort independently if located on separate chromosomes.
3) That dominant alleles are fully expressed in heterozygotes while recessive alleles have no visible effect.
Help if you can Genetics question. thanks beforehand! You continue y.pdf
Help if you can Genetics question. thanks beforehand! You continue your experiments with the
black mutation on chromosome II. You cross the reciprocal translocation strain to the black pure
line to generate F_1 flies that are both translocation heterozygotes and Bb heterozygotes. As
before, you testcross F_1 males and females in two separate experiments. What can you
conclude from these results? Select all statements that are true. The F_2 progeny in both
experiments contain recombinants. The F_2 progeny contain recombinants only when F?_1
females are testcrossed. None of the F_2 progeny classes require crossing over. Some of the
F_2 progeny classes require crossing over, others do not. Chromosome II is one of the
chromosomes involved in the reciprocal balanced translocation.
Solution
Since the recombinants can be formed only when there is cross over in atleast one the parent; the
F2 progeny from cross between F1 males and pure black females do not have recombinants.
Only the F2 progeny from the cross between F1 females and pure black males have the
recombinants as cross over occurs in F1 female. The F2 progeny has both parental types and
recombinants; formation of parental types does not require the crossover. Therefore, some of the
F2 progeny class require cross over while others do not. Since the gene is present on the
chromosome II, it is involved in the reciprocal translocation.
Correct statements are
1: The F2 progeny has recombinants only when F1 females are testcrossed
2: Some of the F2 progeny classes require crossing over; others donot.
3: Chromosome II is one of the chromosome for reciprocal translocation..
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves- wild-type coloration is red-.docx
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves, wild-type coloration is red, while a mutation called white produces white flowers. Another mutation, called peloria, causes the flowers at the apex of the stem to be huge. Yet another mutation, called dwarf, affects stem length. You cross a white-flowered plant (otherwise phenotypically wild type) to a plant that is dwarf and peloria but has wild-type red flower color. All the F1 plants are tall with white, normal-sized flowers. You cross an F1 plant back to the dwarf and peloria parent, and you see the 543 progeny shown in the chart to the right. (Only mutant traits are noted.) a. White, tall, and normal sized flowers/are the dominant alleles because these are what were expressed in the F1 generation, meaning that these hybrid offspring are exhibiting the dominant trait. b. What were the genotypes of the parents in the original cross? How do you know? c. Draw a map showing the linkage relationships of these three loci. Why is the calculated distance value for the two outside genes smaller than the value you get when you sum the two shorter distances? How can you correct this mistake? Make sure to show all your work. d. Is there interference? If so, calculate the coefficient of coincidence and the interference value (show your work!), and state the interpretation of the interference value.
.
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves- wild-type coloration is red-.docx
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves, wild-type coloration is red, while a mutation called white produces white flowers. Another mutation, called peloria, causes the flowers at the apex of the stem to be huge. Yet another mutation, called dwarf, affects stem length. You cross a white-flowered plant (otherwise phenotypically wild type) to a plant that is dwarf and peloria but has wild-type red flower color. All the F1 plants are tall with white, normal-sized flowers. You cross an F1 plant back to the dwarf and peloria parent, and you see the 543 progeny shown in the chart to the right. (Only mutant traits are noted.) a. White, tall, and normal sized flowers/are the dominant alleles because these are what were expressed in the F1 generation, meaning that these hybrid offspring are exhibiting the dominant trait. b. What were the genotypes of the parents in the original cross? How do you know? c. Draw a map showing the linkage relationships of these three loci. Why is the calculated distance value for the two outside genes smaller than the value you get when you sum the two shorter distances? How can you correct this mistake? Make sure to show all your work. d. Is there interference? If so, calculate the coefficient of coincidence and the interference value (show your work!), and state the interpretation of the interference value.
.
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves- wild-type coloration is red-.docx
(1) In the tubular flowers of foxgloves, wild-type coloration is red, while a mutation called white produces white flowers. Another mutation, called peloria, causes the flowers at the apex of the stem to be huge. Yet another mutation, called dwarf, affects stem length. You cross a white-flowered plant (otherwise phenotypically wild type) to a plant that is dwarf and peloria but has wild-type red flower color. All the F1 plants are tall with white, normal-sized flowers. You cross an F1 plant back to the dwarf and peloria parent, and you see the 543 progeny shown in the chart to the right. (Only mutant traits are noted.) a. White, tall, and normal sized flowers/are the dominant alleles because these are what were expressed in the F1 generation, meaning that these hybrid offspring are exhibiting the dominant trait. b. What were the genotypes of the parents in the original cross? How do you know? c. Draw a map showing the linkage relationships of these three loci. Why is the calculated distance value for the two outside genes smaller than the value you get when you sum the two shorter distances? How can you correct this mistake? Make sure to show all your work. d. Is there interference? If so, calculate the coefficient of coincidence and the interference value (show your work!), and state the interpretation of the interference value.
.
7.genetics and inheritance
The document discusses genetics concepts like alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype. It uses examples like pea plant height and mouse fur color to demonstrate inheritance patterns. Mendel's experiments with pea plants are cited to explain monohybrid crosses and how they were used to determine dominance relationships between alleles and predict offspring traits and genotypes.
7. Genetics And Inheritance
The document discusses genetic inheritance, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, monohybrid crosses through generations F1 and F2, codominance and polygenic inheritance. It provides examples of inheritance patterns and uses Punnett squares to determine expected ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses.
Plant Cytogenetics: Incomplete dominance ppt
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Please Show Work! 1- Mendel did experiments where he kept track of the.docx
Please Show Work!
1. Mendel did experiments where he kept track of the color of the flowers. First, he created two true breeding lines ( F 0 parental generation): parents with purple flowered pea plants produced offspring with purple flowered pea plants, and parents with white flowered pea plants produced offspring with white flowered pea plants. When he crossed purple with white flowered pea plants from these true-breeding lines, all of the offspring were purple. Answer the following questions, label them A-I. A. What is the gene coding for in this example (what traits are we looking at)? B. What are the two alleles and what do they represent (provide the letters, dominant/recessive and colors? C. What percentage of plants in the F 1 generation (also called First generation offspring) are white? D. What is the phenotype of the F 1 generation? E. When members of the F 1 generation are crossed what is the resulting genotypic ratio? F. If the plants are crossed 2000 times from the F 1 generation how many would be white? G. What is the phenotypic ratio of the F 2 generation? H . What would be the genotypic ratio if members of the F 1 generation are backcrossed with individuals from the true white flowered breeding line called F 0 generation? I. If this was done 4000 times how many of the plants would be purple? You must show all your work
.
1- A new phenotype of leaf morphology is found in the wild-curly leaf.pdf
1. A new phenotype of leaf morphology is found in the wild-curly leaf ( CL ) . Two true-
breeding lines following results from crossing and allowing self-fertilization for several
generations. What would be the expected phenotypic ratios of the F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 generations
from a cross of the parental CL pollen onto an F1 pistil above from the cross on the right (a curly
leaf F1 from above). The lines to cross are in bold above. ( 6 points) 2. 2. White ( X w ) is an X -
linked recessive gene; cinnabar ( c n ) and sepia (se) are independent autosomal recessive traits
in Drosophila. Females who are homozygous and males who are hemizygous for white have
white eyes, regardless of what other alleles are present. In addition, individuals who are
homozygous for both cinnabar and sepia are also white. The following crosses were made; then
the F1's were allowed to mate among themselves to produce F 2 s. The following vials of F2
progeny were obtained. Match the cross with the correct vial. ( 8 points).
2. Dihybrid Crosses Goal Using the Mendelian principle of seg.pdf
2. Dihybrid Crosses
Goal: Using the Mendelian principle of segregation and the Punnett Square, make predictions on
paper describing what you might expect to see in a genetic cross of two different genes., given
different inheritance scenarios in true-breeding parents. True breeding individuals are those that
are homozygous for any given trait, i.e., homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive,
irrespective of whether the trait is wild type or mutant.
Stag beetles have large mandibles used for territory defense. Those with large mandibles are
able to ward off potential competition, but those that are black in color are able to sneak by other
beetles to successfully steal resources. Here, A will represent large mandibles, a will represent
small mandibles, B will represent the color red and b will represent the color black. Capital
letters are dominant alleles and lowercase letters are recessive alleles.
Procedure:
1. Given a P gen cross between mutant and wild type, true-breeding individuals, make
predictions on paper of inheritance patterns for a mutant allele according to each of the possible
scenarios described. Assign genotypes in the P gen, and follow genotypes and phenotypes from
the parental generation (P) to the F1 using the Mendelian principle of segregation and Punnett
squares and from F1 to F2.
2. 2. Make sure that both genotypes and phenotypes are clearly indicated for individuals in the P
gen, F1 and F2 generations.
Use the notation AABB, AaBb, aabb to designate homozygous dominant, heterozygous and
homozygous recessive traits, respectively.
Punnett Square Predictions:
1. Use the boxes to diagram the F1 progeny that result from the P gen crosses. In this first
exercise, all P gen are homozygous (i.e., homozygous dominant crossed with homozygous
recessive).
2. Use the boxes to diagram the F1 progeny that result from the P gen crosses. In this first
exercise, all P gen are homozygous (i.e., homozygous dominant crossed with homozygous
recessive).
P gen cross:
phenotypes: Wild (female) X Mutant (male) = Red with large mandibles (female) X Black with
small mandibles (male)
genotypes: AABB (female) X aabb (male)
What are possible genotypes of the offspring? _________________
Gametes
F1 ratios:
Phenotypes: ______________________________________
Genotypes: _____________________________________
Now perform an F1 cross between the offspring from above.
F1 cross (identify the gametes):
phenotypes: _________ X _________ = _____________________________
genotypes: ________ X ________
Gametes
F2 ratios:
Phenotypes: __________________________
Genotypes: __________________________
Gametes.
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This document provides an overview of gene epistasis. It defines epistasis as the phenomenon where the effect of one gene is dependent on the presence of another gene. It discusses the different types of epistatic interactions, including dominant and recessive epistasis. As an example, it describes how epistasis influences human hair color through the interaction of genes that control production of eumelanin and pheomelanin. The document emphasizes that epistasis is important for understanding genetic pathways and evolutionary dynamics.
1 Using the results of Mendels single factor crosses expl.pdf
1. Using the results of Mendel's single factor crosses, explain how his research refuted blending
inheritance and supported particulate theory of inheritance. In your answer provide a clear
explanation for each theory and how Mendel's data fits into this broad finding. 2. In tomatoes, red
fruit color is dominant to yellow. Suppose a tomato plant homozygous for red is crossed with one
homozygous for yellow. Determine the appearance of: (a) the Fl tomatoes (b) the F2 tomatoes (c)
the offspring of a cross of the F1 tomatoes back to the red parent (d) the offspring of a cross of the
F1 tomatoes back to the yellow parent3. A tropical fish tancier produced an albino rebra fish. It
lacked blue stripes characteristic of the normal sebra fish. When she crossed a normal zebra fish
to the albino, all the offipring were normal. When she crossed two of the normal F1 offspring, $4
were albino and % were: normal. When an altino was crossed to the normal offspring, half were
aibino and half were normal. What is the genotype and phenotype of each fish mentioned in this
problem? 4. In pea plants, the appearance of flowers along the main stem is a dominant
phenotype called "axial" and is controlled by an allele T. The recessive phenotype, produced by an
allele t, has flowers only at the end of the stem called "terminal". Pod form displays a dominant
phenotype "inflated", controlled by allele F, and a recessive "constricted" form produced by allele f
. A pure-breeding axial, constricted plant is crossed to one that is purebreeding terminal, inflated.
A. The F1 progeny of this cross are allowed to self-fertilize. What is the expected phenotypic
distribution of the F2 progeny? List the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation and the
phenotypes of the F2 progeny. B. If an F1 plant from the initial cross described above, is crossed
to a plant that is terminal, constricted, what is the expected phenotypic distribution among the
resulting progeny?.
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes blue .pdf
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes, blue and black, and two different
behaviors, brave and smart. These phenotypes are controlled by genes that segregate
independently in which the blue allele (B) is dominant over the black allele (b) and the smart allele
(M) is dominant over the brave allele (m). cross an individual that is homozygous dominant for
both traits with a homozygous recessive for both traits.
-If you cross two cougars of the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes, blue and black, and two different
behaviors, brave and smart. These phenotypes are controlled by genes that segregate
independently in which the blue allele (B) is dominant over the black allele (b) and the smart allele
(M) is dominant over the brave allele (m). cross an individual that is homozygous dominant for
both traits with a homozygous recessive for both traits.
-If you cross two cougars of the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave.
Answer the following questions1. Given the following matings, w
Answer the following questions:
1. Given the following matings, what are the predicted genotypes and genotypic ratios of the offspring?
a) Aa X aa
b) Aa X Aa
c) AA X Aa
2. Wet ear wax (W) is dominant over dry ear wax (w)
a) A 3:1 phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype?
b) A 1:1 phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype?
3. A woman is heterozygous for two genes. How many different types of gametes can she produce, and in what proportions?
4. The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell:
The recessing allele for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for deafness. The normal alleles are represented by A and D, respectively.
a) According to the principle of segregation, what is segregating in these cells?
b) According to Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, what is independently assorting in these cells?
c) How many chromatids are in this cell?
d) Write a genotype of the individual from which this cell was taken.
e) What is the phenotype of this individual?
f) What stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) is represented by this cell?
g) After meiosis is complete, how many chromatids and chromosomes will be present in one of the four progeny cells?
5. Draw the following simple pedigree. A man and a woman have three children: a daughter, then two sons. The daughter marries and has monozygotic twin girls (identical twins). The youngest son in generation II is affected with albinism. (Use proper pedigree symbols; draw, scan and add picture to document; do not submit picture independently).
6. A man with blood type A and a women with blood type B have three children. A daughter with AB and two sons, one with type B and one with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the parents?
...
AP Biology Ch 12 gene linkage groups and chromosome maps
1. The document discusses linkage groups and chromosome mapping in genetics. It provides examples of crosses involving fruit flies that demonstrate genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together, while genes on different chromosomes assort independently.
2. The document explains how observing recombinant vs parental offspring types allows geneticists to determine if genes are linked and calculate the distance between genes on a chromosome.
3. It provides practice problems demonstrating crosses to determine linkage and asks the reader questions about linkage and chromosome mapping concepts.
Biology Form 5 Chapter 5 : 5.1 Inheritance
- Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s and is considered the founder of genetics. Through his experiments, he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
- Mendel determined that traits are passed from parents to offspring through "factors" that we now know as genes. His laws of inheritance include dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
- Mendel's work formed the basis for understanding how traits are inherited and laid the foundation for modern genetics.
INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
INET Lab
Genetics Worksheet Report Template
1
© Access Learning Systems
Student:
Email:
Date:
For each correctly conducted genetics problem, you receive 5 points for a maximum 20 points. All Punnett squares must be shown.
1. There are 3 alleles controlling the ABO blood types. IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type. The third allele, (i) is recessive to the other two alleles. Show your work for each cross.
Indicate which of these parents could produce the given child.
The first one is provided with answers as an example.
(HINT: Do not forget that a heterozygous versus a homozygous blood type may yield different results.)
a)
Parent
Child
A x AB
B
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
i
IA i
IB i
Produce Child of Type?
No
Produce Child of Type?
Yes
b)
Parent
Child
A x O
A
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
c)
Parent
Child
A x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
d)
Parent
Child
A x AB
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
e)
Parent
Child
B x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
f)
Parent
Child
AB x AB
A
Produce Child of Type?
2. The allele for albinism (a) is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (A). A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal. They have three children, two normal and one albino. Give the genotypes for each person listed. Prove your answer.
#
Relationship
Genotype(s)
1
Paternal Grandfather
2
Paternal Grandmother
3
Maternal Grandfather
4
Maternal Grandmother
5
Father
6
Mother
7
Child 1
8
Child 2
9
Child 3
3
4
1
2
5
6
7
9
8
a) Show the cross of the paternal grandparents.
(HINT: What must their genotypes be to produce and albino child?)
b) What are the possible genotypes of the maternal grandmother?
c)
Show the cross of the mother and father.
3. In horses, black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B), and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).
a) What color horse would you use to find out the genotype of a black trotter?
6
5
b) Give the genotype and phenotype. Show your work and discuss the reason you would know the genotype of the black horse.
Possible Allele Pairings with Homozygous Dominant Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Possible Allele Pairings with Heterozygous Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Reasoning:
4
5
4. In Drosophila, the fruit fly, white eyes are determined by a recessive X-linked gene, and the wild-type or normal brick-red eyes are due to its dominant allele. Use symbols of the f.
For a single Mendelian trait, a homozygous dominant individual is cr.pdf
For a single Mendelian trait, a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous
recessive individual. Which of the following is true of the individual offspring of the F1
generation from this cross?
Two individuals of the F1 generation from the cross in the previous question are crossed together
(F1 crossed with F1). Which of the following is true about individual offspring from the F2
generation of this cross? Select all that apply.
only the dominant phenotype will be expressed
both dominant and recessive phenotypes will be expressed
None of the other answers fit.
there will be two different genotypes
there will be three different genotypes
only the recessive phenotype will be expresseda.
only the dominant phenotype will be expressedb.
both dominant and recessive phenotypes will be expressedc.
None of the other answers fit.d.
there will be two different genotypese.
there will be three different genotypesf.
only the recessive phenotype will be expressed.
In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant to ebony body color, while.pdf
In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant
to vestigial wings. Assuming that the P_1 individuals are homozygous, work the following
crosses through the F_2 generation, and determine the phenotypic each generation. Enter your
answers in fraction form (ex: 1/4) in the blanks provided by the list of phenotypes: gray, long
gray, vestigial ebony, long ebony, vestigial
Solution
In Drosophila, gray color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant to
vestigial wings. Assuming that the P1 individuals are homozygous, work the following crosses
through the F2 generation, and determine the phenotypic ratios for each generation
E = gray; e = ebony
V = long; v = vestigial
It is a dihybrid cross, in which phenotypic ratio should be 9:3:3:1
P1: ----> EEVV (homozygous dominant) *eevv (homozygous recessive)
F1 generation offspring are all are EeVv representing ---> heterozygous for both traits (genotype
and
dominant phenotypes); therefore, all gray body & and long wings can be seen as phenotypic
appearance.
P1 dihybrid cross: Punnet square
* ev ev ev ev
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
F2 –generation -dihybrid cross:
* EV Ev eV ev
EV EVEV EVEv EVeV EVeV
Ev EEVv EEvv EeVv Eevv
eV EeVV EeVv eeVV eeVv
ev EVev Evev eVev evev
Genotypic ratios ----> 1/16 EEVV; 1/8 EEVvl; 1/16 EEVV; 1/8 EeVV; 1/4 EeVv; 1/8 Eevv;
1/16 eeVV ;1/18 eeVv; 1/16 eevv
Phenotypic ratio ---->
9/16 gray body and long wings
3/16 gray body and vestigial wings
3/16 ebony body and long wings
1/16 ebony, vestigial
Staphylococcus aureus.
Mendelian genetics lecture quiz
This document provides an overview of Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and the principles of heredity and genetics that he discovered. It discusses Mendel's work crossing pea plants with different traits, such as flower color, and recording the results in subsequent generations. His experiments showed that traits are inherited in discrete units (now known as genes) and follow predictable patterns, such as the 3:1 ratio he observed for dominant and recessive traits in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross. The document also covers Mendel's principle of independent assortment observed in dihybrid crosses.
2- If 5 people from Mexico- 2 people from Canada- and 3 people from Fr.docx
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7. Genetics And Inheritance
The document discusses genetic inheritance, including dominant and recessive alleles, genotypes and phenotypes, homozygous and heterozygous organisms, monohybrid crosses through generations F1 and F2, codominance and polygenic inheritance. It provides examples of inheritance patterns and uses Punnett squares to determine expected ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes from genetic crosses.
Plant Cytogenetics: Incomplete dominance ppt
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Please Show Work! 1- Mendel did experiments where he kept track of the.docx
Please Show Work!
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.
1- A new phenotype of leaf morphology is found in the wild-curly leaf.pdf
1. A new phenotype of leaf morphology is found in the wild-curly leaf ( CL ) . Two true-
breeding lines following results from crossing and allowing self-fertilization for several
generations. What would be the expected phenotypic ratios of the F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 generations
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2. Dihybrid Crosses Goal Using the Mendelian principle of seg.pdf
2. Dihybrid Crosses
Goal: Using the Mendelian principle of segregation and the Punnett Square, make predictions on
paper describing what you might expect to see in a genetic cross of two different genes., given
different inheritance scenarios in true-breeding parents. True breeding individuals are those that
are homozygous for any given trait, i.e., homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive,
irrespective of whether the trait is wild type or mutant.
Stag beetles have large mandibles used for territory defense. Those with large mandibles are
able to ward off potential competition, but those that are black in color are able to sneak by other
beetles to successfully steal resources. Here, A will represent large mandibles, a will represent
small mandibles, B will represent the color red and b will represent the color black. Capital
letters are dominant alleles and lowercase letters are recessive alleles.
Procedure:
1. Given a P gen cross between mutant and wild type, true-breeding individuals, make
predictions on paper of inheritance patterns for a mutant allele according to each of the possible
scenarios described. Assign genotypes in the P gen, and follow genotypes and phenotypes from
the parental generation (P) to the F1 using the Mendelian principle of segregation and Punnett
squares and from F1 to F2.
2. 2. Make sure that both genotypes and phenotypes are clearly indicated for individuals in the P
gen, F1 and F2 generations.
Use the notation AABB, AaBb, aabb to designate homozygous dominant, heterozygous and
homozygous recessive traits, respectively.
Punnett Square Predictions:
1. Use the boxes to diagram the F1 progeny that result from the P gen crosses. In this first
exercise, all P gen are homozygous (i.e., homozygous dominant crossed with homozygous
recessive).
2. Use the boxes to diagram the F1 progeny that result from the P gen crosses. In this first
exercise, all P gen are homozygous (i.e., homozygous dominant crossed with homozygous
recessive).
P gen cross:
phenotypes: Wild (female) X Mutant (male) = Red with large mandibles (female) X Black with
small mandibles (male)
genotypes: AABB (female) X aabb (male)
What are possible genotypes of the offspring? _________________
Gametes
F1 ratios:
Phenotypes: ______________________________________
Genotypes: _____________________________________
Now perform an F1 cross between the offspring from above.
F1 cross (identify the gametes):
phenotypes: _________ X _________ = _____________________________
genotypes: ________ X ________
Gametes
F2 ratios:
Phenotypes: __________________________
Genotypes: __________________________
Gametes.
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1 Using the results of Mendels single factor crosses expl.pdf
1. Using the results of Mendel's single factor crosses, explain how his research refuted blending
inheritance and supported particulate theory of inheritance. In your answer provide a clear
explanation for each theory and how Mendel's data fits into this broad finding. 2. In tomatoes, red
fruit color is dominant to yellow. Suppose a tomato plant homozygous for red is crossed with one
homozygous for yellow. Determine the appearance of: (a) the Fl tomatoes (b) the F2 tomatoes (c)
the offspring of a cross of the F1 tomatoes back to the red parent (d) the offspring of a cross of the
F1 tomatoes back to the yellow parent3. A tropical fish tancier produced an albino rebra fish. It
lacked blue stripes characteristic of the normal sebra fish. When she crossed a normal zebra fish
to the albino, all the offipring were normal. When she crossed two of the normal F1 offspring, $4
were albino and % were: normal. When an altino was crossed to the normal offspring, half were
aibino and half were normal. What is the genotype and phenotype of each fish mentioned in this
problem? 4. In pea plants, the appearance of flowers along the main stem is a dominant
phenotype called "axial" and is controlled by an allele T. The recessive phenotype, produced by an
allele t, has flowers only at the end of the stem called "terminal". Pod form displays a dominant
phenotype "inflated", controlled by allele F, and a recessive "constricted" form produced by allele f
. A pure-breeding axial, constricted plant is crossed to one that is purebreeding terminal, inflated.
A. The F1 progeny of this cross are allowed to self-fertilize. What is the expected phenotypic
distribution of the F2 progeny? List the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation and the
phenotypes of the F2 progeny. B. If an F1 plant from the initial cross described above, is crossed
to a plant that is terminal, constricted, what is the expected phenotypic distribution among the
resulting progeny?.
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes blue .pdf
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes, blue and black, and two different
behaviors, brave and smart. These phenotypes are controlled by genes that segregate
independently in which the blue allele (B) is dominant over the black allele (b) and the smart allele
(M) is dominant over the brave allele (m). cross an individual that is homozygous dominant for
both traits with a homozygous recessive for both traits.
-If you cross two cougars of the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave
There are cougars that have two coat color phenotypes, blue and black, and two different
behaviors, brave and smart. These phenotypes are controlled by genes that segregate
independently in which the blue allele (B) is dominant over the black allele (b) and the smart allele
(M) is dominant over the brave allele (m). cross an individual that is homozygous dominant for
both traits with a homozygous recessive for both traits.
-If you cross two cougars of the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave
a) what is the probability that an individual of the F2 will show at least one of the recessive
phenotypes?
b) what is the proability that an F2 individual will be heterozygote for both genes?
-what are the chances that the cougars wpuld have the following phenotypes
c)Blue and Smart
d)Black and Brave.
Answer the following questions1. Given the following matings, w
Answer the following questions:
1. Given the following matings, what are the predicted genotypes and genotypic ratios of the offspring?
a) Aa X aa
b) Aa X Aa
c) AA X Aa
2. Wet ear wax (W) is dominant over dry ear wax (w)
a) A 3:1 phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype?
b) A 1:1 phenotypic ratio of F1 progeny indicates that the parents are of what genotype?
3. A woman is heterozygous for two genes. How many different types of gametes can she produce, and in what proportions?
4. The following diagram shows a hypothetical diploid cell:
The recessing allele for albinism is represented by a, and d represents the recessive allele for deafness. The normal alleles are represented by A and D, respectively.
a) According to the principle of segregation, what is segregating in these cells?
b) According to Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, what is independently assorting in these cells?
c) How many chromatids are in this cell?
d) Write a genotype of the individual from which this cell was taken.
e) What is the phenotype of this individual?
f) What stage of cell division (mitosis or meiosis) is represented by this cell?
g) After meiosis is complete, how many chromatids and chromosomes will be present in one of the four progeny cells?
5. Draw the following simple pedigree. A man and a woman have three children: a daughter, then two sons. The daughter marries and has monozygotic twin girls (identical twins). The youngest son in generation II is affected with albinism. (Use proper pedigree symbols; draw, scan and add picture to document; do not submit picture independently).
6. A man with blood type A and a women with blood type B have three children. A daughter with AB and two sons, one with type B and one with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the parents?
...
AP Biology Ch 12 gene linkage groups and chromosome maps
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3. It provides practice problems demonstrating crosses to determine linkage and asks the reader questions about linkage and chromosome mapping concepts.
Biology Form 5 Chapter 5 : 5.1 Inheritance
- Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants in the 1860s and is considered the founder of genetics. Through his experiments, he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.
- Mendel determined that traits are passed from parents to offspring through "factors" that we now know as genes. His laws of inheritance include dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
- Mendel's work formed the basis for understanding how traits are inherited and laid the foundation for modern genetics.
INET Lab Genetics Worksheet Report Template1© Access L.docx
INET Lab
Genetics Worksheet Report Template
1
© Access Learning Systems
Student:
Email:
Date:
For each correctly conducted genetics problem, you receive 5 points for a maximum 20 points. All Punnett squares must be shown.
1. There are 3 alleles controlling the ABO blood types. IA and IB are codominant genes so that the combination IAIB produces the AB blood type. The third allele, (i) is recessive to the other two alleles. Show your work for each cross.
Indicate which of these parents could produce the given child.
The first one is provided with answers as an example.
(HINT: Do not forget that a heterozygous versus a homozygous blood type may yield different results.)
a)
Parent
Child
A x AB
B
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
IA
IB
IA
IA IA
IA IB
i
IA i
IB i
Produce Child of Type?
No
Produce Child of Type?
Yes
b)
Parent
Child
A x O
A
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
c)
Parent
Child
A x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
d)
Parent
Child
A x AB
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
e)
Parent
Child
B x B
O
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
Produce Child of Type?
f)
Parent
Child
AB x AB
A
Produce Child of Type?
2. The allele for albinism (a) is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation (A). A normally pigmented woman whose father is an albino marries an albino man whose parents are normal. They have three children, two normal and one albino. Give the genotypes for each person listed. Prove your answer.
#
Relationship
Genotype(s)
1
Paternal Grandfather
2
Paternal Grandmother
3
Maternal Grandfather
4
Maternal Grandmother
5
Father
6
Mother
7
Child 1
8
Child 2
9
Child 3
3
4
1
2
5
6
7
9
8
a) Show the cross of the paternal grandparents.
(HINT: What must their genotypes be to produce and albino child?)
b) What are the possible genotypes of the maternal grandmother?
c)
Show the cross of the mother and father.
3. In horses, black coat color is influenced by the dominant allele (B), and chestnut coat color by the recessive allele (b).
a) What color horse would you use to find out the genotype of a black trotter?
6
5
b) Give the genotype and phenotype. Show your work and discuss the reason you would know the genotype of the black horse.
Possible Allele Pairings with Homozygous Dominant Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Possible Allele Pairings with Heterozygous Trotter
F1 offspring probabilities:
Reasoning:
4
5
4. In Drosophila, the fruit fly, white eyes are determined by a recessive X-linked gene, and the wild-type or normal brick-red eyes are due to its dominant allele. Use symbols of the f.
For a single Mendelian trait, a homozygous dominant individual is cr.pdf
For a single Mendelian trait, a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous
recessive individual. Which of the following is true of the individual offspring of the F1
generation from this cross?
Two individuals of the F1 generation from the cross in the previous question are crossed together
(F1 crossed with F1). Which of the following is true about individual offspring from the F2
generation of this cross? Select all that apply.
only the dominant phenotype will be expressed
both dominant and recessive phenotypes will be expressed
None of the other answers fit.
there will be two different genotypes
there will be three different genotypes
only the recessive phenotype will be expresseda.
only the dominant phenotype will be expressedb.
both dominant and recessive phenotypes will be expressedc.
None of the other answers fit.d.
there will be two different genotypese.
there will be three different genotypesf.
only the recessive phenotype will be expressed.
In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant to ebony body color, while.pdf
In Drosophila, gray body color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant
to vestigial wings. Assuming that the P_1 individuals are homozygous, work the following
crosses through the F_2 generation, and determine the phenotypic each generation. Enter your
answers in fraction form (ex: 1/4) in the blanks provided by the list of phenotypes: gray, long
gray, vestigial ebony, long ebony, vestigial
Solution
In Drosophila, gray color is dominant to ebony body color, while long wings are dominant to
vestigial wings. Assuming that the P1 individuals are homozygous, work the following crosses
through the F2 generation, and determine the phenotypic ratios for each generation
E = gray; e = ebony
V = long; v = vestigial
It is a dihybrid cross, in which phenotypic ratio should be 9:3:3:1
P1: ----> EEVV (homozygous dominant) *eevv (homozygous recessive)
F1 generation offspring are all are EeVv representing ---> heterozygous for both traits (genotype
and
dominant phenotypes); therefore, all gray body & and long wings can be seen as phenotypic
appearance.
P1 dihybrid cross: Punnet square
* ev ev ev ev
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
EV EeVv EeVv EeVv EeVv
F2 –generation -dihybrid cross:
* EV Ev eV ev
EV EVEV EVEv EVeV EVeV
Ev EEVv EEvv EeVv Eevv
eV EeVV EeVv eeVV eeVv
ev EVev Evev eVev evev
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Phenotypic ratio ---->
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3/16 gray body and vestigial wings
3/16 ebony body and long wings
1/16 ebony, vestigial
Staphylococcus aureus.
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