Mild cognitive impairment and dementia are conditions that can occur as people age. Mild cognitive impairment involves minor memory loss and mental decline that do not significantly interfere with daily life. Dementia is a more serious decline in cognitive abilities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. It involves amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that disrupt neuron signaling. Symptoms of Alzheimer's initially involve memory loss but can progress to include problems with judgment, attention, and personal care. Treatments for Alzheimer's provide modest benefits for cognitive function and behavior.

1. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2. Introduction
As people age, a mild age-associated
cognitive decline can cause bothersome
symptoms, such as
losing the car keys,food burning on stove more
often.
 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
is a condition between the normal age associated
decline and the more serious decline due to
dementia.
With MCI, memory and mental function
worsen, but not enough to significantly
interfere with daily functioning.

3. Intro…
Initially, the most noticeable symptom of
dementia is usually memory loss.
 As the dementia worsens, problems
develop with judgment, attention, planning
and personal grooming.
 Agitation, aggression and depression can
be present, and pose difficult challenges
for patients and caregivers.

4. Epidimology

5. Types of Dementia
There are different types of dementia,
including
Alzheimer's disease,
 Vascular dementia
 Lewy body dementia
 Frontotemporal
 Alzheimer’s
Is the most common type of dementia,
 It is also the one with well-defined treatment.
 Unfortunately, the treatments provide modest
benefit.

6. Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's dementia
involves
 amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
(NFTs) located in the cortical areas and medial
temporal lobe structures of the brain.
Amyloid plaques are extracellular lesions found in
the brain and cerebral vasculature.
consisting of 36 to 43 amino acids prone to
aggregation
Which interrupts neuron signaling, and/or
alteration of neurotransmitters (e.g.,decreased
acetylcholine).

7. Pathophyisiology cont…
 NFTs in hippocampus and cerebral cortex
Are composed of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau
protein.
 Tau protein
provides structural support to microtubules,
the cell’s transportation and skeletal support system.
 When tau filaments undergo abnormal
phosphorylation,
they cannot bind effectively to microtubules, and the
microtubules collapse.
 Inflammatory Mediators
 The Cholinergic Hypothesis
 Neurotransmitter Abnormalities
Also involve in
AD
pathophysiolo
y

8. Diagnostic tool
Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam -
MMSE,a score < 24 indicates a memory
disorder

18. 1.------------------ defined as seizures that are
lasting more than five minutes
2.Seizures begin on one side of the brain and it
does not cause loss of awareness are
termed….
A.Focal seizures with impaired awareness
B.Focal aware seizures C.tonic clonic seizure
D. Absense seizure

19. 3.All of the following should apply as first aid to
seizure except?
A.Place the patient in semiprone position
B. Loosen tight cloth C. Put clothes on the
mouth D.place head protectives
4.Describe one AED which has less teratogenic
effect?
5.Criteria for su

20. 1.Which types of dementia is the most
prevalent?
a.Lewy body b.front temporal c. alzhemier d
vascular
2.Of the following medications,which of them
cause dementia
a.Benzetropine b,diazepam c.chlorpheniramine
d . all

21. 3.These are the pillars to improve dementia
except?
a.Exercise b.minimize sleep c. social
participation d,healthy diet
4.Which is differ in its MA?
a.Memantine b. rivastagmine
c.galantamine d.donpezil

22. THE END!!!