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Best Practices on Migrating to 802.11ac Wi-Fi #AirheadsConf Italy
The document discusses best practices for migrating to 802.11ac Wi-Fi networks. It notes that there are now on average 3 devices per user using more applications and traffic. 802.11ac provides faster speeds through wider channels, better modulation, and more spatial streams. Key aspects of 802.11ac covered include available channels and data rates possible for different client types and channel widths. Coverage examples and considerations for different modulation coding schemes are also presented. Potential pros and cons of 802.11ac are briefly discussed as well as upcoming developments like wave 2 and 802.11ad.
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Best Practices on Migrating to 802.11ac Wi-Fi #AirheadsConf Italy
- 1. Best Practices on Migratingto 802.11ac Wi-Fi Peter Lane June 2014
- 2. CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2013.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved 2 #airheadsconf Changing Networks More devices • Average 3 devices per user • Smartphone, tablets, laptops, ultrabooks More applications per device • Average 40 apps per mobile device • Estimates > 300 billion app downloads by 2016 More traffic • HD mobile video, video telepresence, collaboration programs • Tablet traffic ~ 3.4x greater than smartphone traffic Shift in W-Fi Usage • Pervasive, primary access • Mission critical • Multimedia – Voice, IPTV, older legacy media transport systems (i.e. cable TV)
- 3. 3 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf What type of Apps are on your network ? • Mix of personal and corporate applications • Design for the highest bandwidth demand that you intend to support • Multiply this number by the number of connections that you need to support Personal Apps Throughput Requirements FaceTime 400 Kbps AirPlay Video 1 Mbps Netflix 1.5 or 5 Mbps* Pandora 150 Kbps YouTube 500 Kbps Skype 500 Kbps HTTP 500 Kbps Corporate Apps Throughput Requirements Lync Desktop Sharing 1.5 Mbps SIP Softphone 90 Kbps Citrix Internet + Office 150 Kbps Webex iPad Desktop Share 250 Kbps WebEx High Quality Video 1.5 Mbps GoToMeeting Desktop Share 500 Kbps Desktop Backup 10 – 50 Mbps Printing 1 Mbps
- 4. 4 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Clients 11ac Clients – Samsung Galaxy S4 (1x1:1 11ac), Galaxy S5 (2x2:2 11ac), Galaxy Note 3, Galaxy Note 10.1 2014, etc. – HTC One (1x1:1 11ac) – Moto X, Moto droid Ultra, etc. – All Mac computers: MacBook Air (2x2:2 11ac), MacBook Pro (3x3:3 11ac) and iMacs – Select Dell, Alienware, Lenovo laptops – USB dongles (2x2:2 11ac) • Look for USB 3.0 No significant impact on client battery life
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- 6. 6 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ac Technology Overview • 11n specification: • 2.4 and 5 GHz supported • Wider channels (40 MHz) • Better modulation (64-QAM) • Multiple streams (up to 4) • Beam forming (explicit and implicit) • Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g • 11ac introduces • 5 GHz supported • Even wider channels (80 MHz and 160 MHz) • Better modulation (256-QAM) • Additional streams (up to 8) • Beam forming (explicit) • Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g/n Think of 11ac as an extension of 11n technology
- 7. 7 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ac Channels (FCC) Channel Freq (MHz) UNII I and UNII II 2x 80 MHz 4x 40 MHz 8x 20 MHz Band Edge Channel Freq (MHz) 5850 US UNII III 1x 80 MHz 2x 40 MHz 5x 20 MHz Channel Freq (MHz) UNII II extended 3x 80 MHz 6x 40 MHz 12x 20 MHz 36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band Edge 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350 Band Edge 5150 149 161157153 5745 5765 5785 5805 Band Edge 5725 165 5825 100 112108 116104 120 128124 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 Band Edge 5470 136 140 Band Edge 5680 5700 5725 132 5660 144 5720 Weather Radar
- 8. 8 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ac Channels (ETSI) Channel Freq (MHz) UNII I and UNII II 2x 80 MHz 4x 40 MHz 8x 20 MHz Channel Freq (MHz) UNII II extended 2x 80 MHz 5x 40 MHz 11x 20 MHz 36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band Edge 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350 Band Edge 5150 100 112108 116104 120 128124 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 Band Edge 5470 136 140 Band Edge 5680 5700 5725 132 5660
- 9. 9 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf ARM Primary channel mapping • ARM chooses primary 80, 40 and 20 MHz channels • Same way as existing channels are chosen • Show AP details will show the channels selected • 36+ means 40 MHz with a 36 primary and the secondary taking the 20 MHz above 36 • 36e means 80 MHz with 36 as the primary
- 10. 10 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ac Channels (FCC) Channel Freq (MHz) UNII I and UNII II 2x 80 MHz 4x 40 MHz 8x 20 MHz Band Edge Channel Freq (MHz) 5850 US UNII III 1x 80 MHz 2x 40 MHz 5x 20 MHz Channel Freq (MHz) UNII II extended 3x 80 MHz 6x 40 MHz 12x 20 MHz 36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band Edge 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350 Band Edge 5150 149 161157153 5745 5765 5785 5805 Band Edge 5725 165 5825 100 112108 116104 120 128124 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640 Band Edge 5470 136 140 Band Edge 5680 5700 5725 132 5660 144 5720 Weather Radar
- 11. 11 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Channel Usage with two APs
- 12. 12 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Max Data Rates per Client Type Channel bandwidth Transmit – Receive antennas Typical client scenario Max individual link rate Max aggregate link rate 40 MHz 3x3 PC 606 Mbps 606 Mbps 80 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 433 Mbps 433 Mbps 80 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 867 Mbps 867 Mbps 80 MHz 3x3 PC 1300 MBPS 1300 MBPS 160 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 867 Mbps 867 Mbps 160 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 1.73 Gbps 1.73 Gbps 160 MHz 4x Tx AP, 4 clients of 1x Rx Multiple smartphones 867 Mbps per client 3.47 Gbps 160 MHz 8x Tx AP, 4 clients with total of 8x Rx Digital TV, set-top box, tablet, PC, smartphone 867 Mbps to two 1x clients 1.73 Gbps to one 2x client 3.47 Gbps to one 4x client 6.93 Gbps
- 13. 13 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ac Channel Width and Datarate • Maximum datarates (in Mbps) for each channel width 802.11n 1SS 802.11n 2SS 802.11n 3SS 802.11ac 1SS 802.11ac 2SS 802.11ac 3SS 20 MHz 72.2 144.4 216.7 96.3 192.6 288.9 40 MHz 150 300 450 200 400 600 80 MHz N/A N/A N/A 433.3 866.7 1,300
- 14. 14 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Coverage Example 1. Sample coverage for 3x3 11n AP (or 3x3 11ac AP with 11n clients) in HT40 mode •Coverage area sustains MCS5 and up 360 405 450
- 15. 15 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Coverage Example 2. Upgrade to 3x3 11ac AP with 11ac clients, still using 40Mhz channels (VHT40) •Radius for 600Mbps (MCS9) area is 1/4 of that for 450Mbps (MCS7) 360 405 450 540 600
- 16. 16 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Coverage Example 3. Equivalent range for clients using 80MHz channels (VHT80) •Rates roughly double, relative range for each of the MCS rates does not change, but 80MHz range is ~70% of equivalent (same MCS) 40MHz range 780 878 975 1170 1300 585
- 17. 17 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Relative Range 802.11ac Rates Datarate 40MHz 80MHz MCS0 45 97.5 MCS1 90 195 MCS2 135 292.5 MCS3 180 390 MCS4 270 585 MCS5 360 780 MCS6 405 877.5 MCS7 450 975 MCS8 540 1,170 MCS9 600 1,300 Signal level and relative range -dB r MCS0 87 63 MCS1 85 50 MCS2 83 40 MCS3 79 25 MCS4 76 18 MCS5 71 10 MCS6 66 5.6 MCS7 63 4.0 MCS8 58 2.2 MCS9 51 1.0
- 18. 18 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Beamforming: Notes • AP 2xx series has 11ac beam forming support • Works with clients that support 11ac beamforming function – This is at a minimum all 11ac client devices using Broadcom chipsets – Support will have to come to all devices to compete with Broadcom offering • 11ac beamforming is standards based – first standard that is doing this the “right” way – 11ac beamforming represents the consensus view of the 1000’s of contributors to the standards process • 11ac beamforming is implemented in baseband. – It works with all antenna subsystems – The total number of beamforming combinations is effectively infinite • 11ac actively tracks users so has a recent channel estimate between the AP and client that is updated frequently 18
- 19. 19 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Channel state information, implicit and explicit beamforming estimation 19 Implicit feedback for beamforming (802.11n not 802.11ac) 1 (Beamformer) Send me a sounding frame 2 (Beamformee) Here’s the sounding frame 3 OK, I’ll pre-code assuming you hear me like I heard you Request for sounding sounding frames Explicit feedback for beamforming (802.11n and 802.11ac) 1 (Beamformer) Here’s a sounding frame 2 (Beamformee) Here’s how I heard the sounding frame 3 Now I will pre-code to match how you heard me sounding frames Beamformed frames feedback from sounding Implicit and explicit feedback for beamforming Beamformer BeamformeeBeamformeeBeamformer Beamformed frames Actual CSI Implied CSI
- 20. 20 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP Throughput ~1Gbps • “How fast can I go?” – Simple question with very complicated answer – Depends on many factors • Device type • Distance • Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) • Connected clients • Access Point configuration • Channel width • Number of Spatial Streams • Short/long guard intervals • Link aggregation – Your mileage WILL vary
- 21. 21 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Pros of 802.11ac • Pros 1. APs can accommodate more users/devices • Increased capacity 2. Standards based Explicit Beam-forming increases SNR • Higher data rates over longer distances 3. 256-QAM • Increased throughput at high SNRs • Improved modulation and coding techniques 4. Multi-User MIMO (future generations) • Improved utilization of RF capacity 5. Use of 5 GHz spectrum • More non-overlapping channels • Quieter RF environment
- 22. 22 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Cons of 11ac • ???
- 23. 23 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Wave 2 of 11ac • Max 5GHz radio throughput triples again! • 450 (11n 3x3 HT40), 1,300 (11ac 3x3 VHT80), 3,467 (11ac 4x4 VHT160) • What will wave 2 802.11ac deliver? • MU-MIMO • Use AP MIMO resources more effectively • Transmit data to multiple devices simultaneously: for example 4SS AP streaming data to four 1SS clients simultaneously • 4x4:4SS • Benefit of additional stream mostly for MU-MIMO • Not anticipating any 4x4:4SS client devices • Adds 33% to max datarate • VHT160 • Doubles max datarate • Practical problem: only 2 VHT160 channels available in entire 5GHz band • When will it be available? • Radio chipsets available late 2014 • Products in 2015
- 24. 24 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Wave 1 1SS Wave 1 2SS Wave 1 3SS Wave 2 1SS Wave 2 2SS Wave 2 3SS Wave 2 4SS 20 MHz 96.3 192.6 288.9 96.3 192.6 288.9 384 40 MHz 200 400 600 200 400 600 800 80 MHz 433 867 1,300 433 867 1,300 1,730 160 MHz N/A N/A N/A 867 1,730 2,600 3,470 Maximum Data rate for wave1 and wave 2 11ac
- 25. 25 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11ad and what it means • 60GHz band, three channels in most countries (each 2.16GHz wide), each providing up to 6.8Gbps PHY datarate • No MIMO • Challenges: Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) connections, range, penetrating obstacles (and people) • Targeted to clean up a cluttered desk or TV cabinet • Likely not appropriate for traditional AP use. But can be interesting for related applications like wireless docking, high-capacity WLAN hotspots, AP backhaul/aggregation, etc. • It is being investigated (but no product plans as of yet) • Standard is available, certification program in place • Wi-Fi Alliance WiGig Alliance
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- 27. 28 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 802.11n/11ac Product Line Performance Price 103 Series 802.11n Dual radio 2x2:2SS Entry level Low Density 220 Series 802.11ac Dual radio 3x3:3SS Highest Performance AP-274/275 802.11ac Dual radio 3x3:3SS Highest Performance Cost Performance 200 Series 802.11ac Dual radio 2x2:2SS Mid Density/Perf
- 28. 29 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP-224/225 802.11ac 3x3 AP • Enterprise class 3x3 802.11ac • Aggregate TCP platform throughput performance >1Gbps • Two platform models: – AP-224: external antennas (3x, dual band) – AP-225: integrated antennas – “Advanced Cellular Coexistence” support • Dual radio: – 802.11n 3x3:3 HT40 2.4GHz(450Mbps), support for “TurboQAM” – 802.11ac 3x3:3 HT80 5GHz (1.3Gbps) – 11ac beamforming supported in both bands • Wired interfaces – Network: 2x 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet, with MACSec support – USB 2.0 host interface, console port, DC power • Will require 802.3at PoE (or DC power) for full functional operation – Functional, but capabilities reduced when powered from 802.3af POE • Enterprise temperature range, plenum rated, TPM $1,295 U.S. List
- 29. 30 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP-20x Mid-range Dual-radio 11ac AP • Low cost dual radio 11ac enterprise AP for medium density deployments – 2x2 radios, no plenum rating, reduced max operating temperature (+40C) • Both Instant and Controller-based product variants • Two platforms: – (I)AP-204: external antennas (2x, dual band diplexed) – (I)AP-205: integrated antennas (omni downtilt) • Dual radio, 802.11ac 2x2:2 (867Mbps max at VHT80) – SDM, CSD, STBC, MRC, LDPC, 11ac Transmit Beamforming – Advanced Cellular Coexistence (ACC) support • Platform: – CPU: BCM53014A CPU (“Vega”), Radios: 2x BCM43520 – 128MB SDRAM, 32MB FLASH, TPM • Wired interfaces: – 1x Gb Ethernet, console port (RJ45), DC power, reset button – No USB • Power: – DC or 802.3af POE, 12.5W max peak • Mechanical: – Metal back, plastic front, no vents – Dimensions: 150mm x 150mm x 37mm (same as AP-103) Target availability (FCS): Jun ’14 (AOS) AOS target: 6.4.1 Instant SW target: 4.2
- 30. 31 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Rate vs Range: AP-225 vs AP135 • AP-225 11n performance is considerably better than AP-135 -> up to 5.35x • AP-225 TCP down throughput @ 120ft 128Mbps 23% 23% 40% 5.35x 43% 39% 56% 3.32x
- 31. 32 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Single-Client TCP Peak Performance (1 x 3SS MacBook Pro) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM BI-DIRECTIONAL 828 609 596 Aruba AP-225 Aruba AP-225
- 32. 33 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Multi-Client TCP Performance (20 x 2SS MacBook Air, 1500-Byte) 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM BI-DIRECTIONAL 378 384 415 Aruba AP-225 Aruba AP-225
- 33. 34 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Small Packet Multi-Client Performance (20 x 2SS MacBook Air, Downstream UDP) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 256-BYTE 512-BYTE 159 312 Aruba AP-225 Aruba AP-225
- 34. 35 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Antenna Gain: 5 dBi 2G: 3x3:3 11ac (2.4 GHz) 5G: 3x3:3 11ac (5.15 to 5.875 GHz) 11ac Beamforming Conducted Tx Power 2G: 23 dBm per branch (27.7 aggregate) MAX EIRP = 36 dBm 5G: 23 dBm per branch (27.7 aggregate) MAX EIRP = 36 dBm Power Interface: AC and 802.3at (PoE+) Power Consumption: 23 W WAN + LAN Port Advanced Cellular Coexistence IP66 and IP67 -40° to +65°C No Heater. Start and operate. AP-270 Series 35
- 35. 36 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf • Unit does not look like radio • Omni antennas are fully integrated in the chassis • Resembles video cameras and light fixtures • Multiple Bracket Options AP-275: Campus Access / Outdoor Retail 36 8.5”
- 36. 37 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Advanced Cellular Coexistence • Proliferation of DAS and new LTE bands at 2.6 GHz are creating issue for Wi-Fi solution • All new APs introduced by Aruba in the last 12 months and going forward have implemented significant filtering into the 2.4 GHz radio portion to combat this • Design solution – Use high-linear LNA followed with a high-rejection filter to achieve rejection target and little sensitivity degradation; – Design target: Minimal Sensitivity degradation with -10dBm interference from 3G/4G networks (theoretical analysis).
- 37. 38 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 11ac Controller Support Performance Scale CAMPUS LARGE OFFICE 3200 32 CAP/128 RAP 2K Users 3 Gbps Firewall 3400 64 CAP/256 RAP 4KUsers 4 Gbps Firewall 3600 128CAP/512 RAP 8K Users 4 Gbps Firewall 7210 512 CAP/512 RAP 16K Users 20 Gbps Firewall M3 512 CAP/1024 RAP 8K Users 20 Gbps Firewall 7220 1024 CAP/1024 RAP 24K Users 40 Gbps Firewall 7240 2048 CAP/2048 RAP 32K Users 40 Gbps Firewall 7005 16 APs 1k Users 2 Gbps Firewall 7010 32 APs 2K Users 4 Gbps Firewall 7030 64 APs 4K Users 8 Gbps Firewall
- 38. 39 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Over Subscription: Customer scale points • Large Software company – 20,000 APs – 55,000 users – Never exceeded 12 gbps combined throughput • Medium Sized US University – 2,000 APs – 12,500 Students – Never exceeded 6 gbps combined throughput
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- 40. 41 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP Uplink Considerations • Assess the environment: Brownfield vs. Greenfield • 2 x Ethernet/LAG cables is NOT a requirement for wave 1 11ac • For a Greenfield environment (new building), laying out 2 x Ethernet cables makes it future proof • For a Brownfield environment (an existing site with 1 x Ethernet cable), you don’t loose anything • TODAY – 2 x Ethernet cables are used by a few customers • salt and pepper designs – PoE redundancy
- 41. 42 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP 225 Switch Considerations AP 225 802.3af 802.3at 2.4 GHz radio 1x3:1 3x3:3 5 GHz radio 3x3:3 3x3:3 Ethernet ports 1 2 USB Disabled Enabled • af vs. at: What does it really mean • Most 2.4 GHz only devices are single stream • 2.4 GHz has limited throughput already due to 20 MHz channels • Improved amplifiers and advanced filtering require a little more power • Ensure minimum 1 Gbps uplink ports for the APs • Ensure 10 Gbps uplink from edge switches to core • One 11ac AP can max out a 1 Gbps uplink on a switch
- 42. 43 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP Replacement Considerations • If the existing 802.11n network was designed for capacity then 1-for-1 AP replacement with 802.11ac AP is viable. • Capacity = APs that are 2500 sq.ft apart • If the existing network is designed for supporting • 802.11 a/b/g • Or a coverage only 802.11 n • Redesign will be required • Redesigning might includes a combination of both physical and virtual survey. • Depending on the environment
- 43. 44 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AP Forwarding Mode Considerations • All forwarding modes are supported • Tunnel mode is the preferred forwarding mode in most situations • For high performance using tunnel mode – enable Jumbo frames to support the increased AMSDU • Expect a 10 – 15 % drop in performance without jumbo frames • D-Tunnel mode can be used to achieve high performance
- 44. 45 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf 11n + 11ac co-existence & Channel Considerations • 11n + 11ac = No problem • Assuming HD deployments (APs are 45 feet apart) • 80 Mhz – Use DFS or CSR • 40 Mhz – 802.11n compatibility modes to avoid client driver issues • 20 Mhz - 802.11a and 802.11n NON-DFS environments • Assuming Ultra HD deployments (APs less than 45 feet apart): Use one of the following • Consider using 20 MHz channels to get more re-use • Tx power considerations, and use of CSR (available 6.3.1.3) should be considered to avoid CCI • Use of DFS as appropriate
- 45. 46 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Transmit Power Considerations • Assess the environment • How much are my AP’s able to hear each other? • Modern offices (hoteling environments) – a lot • Traditional offices (lots of offices) and K12 classrooms – Not as much • Universities there is a mixture of both – Variable • How much is “too much” • If the Rx channel busy is > 30% during slow time • It is due to ACI and CCI • This has a direct impact on performance; worsens during peak hours • What is the solution – Tx power on AP’s, high data rates on clients and low ACI/CCI • Guidance • For modern offices • Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – 12 dBm • For Traditional offices • Default (Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – Max) • For environments that are a mix • Default (Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – Max) • Set 802.11a basic and beacon rate to 24 Mbps; 802.11g basic & beacon rate to 12 Mbps to avoid CCI/ACI and increased channel utilization
- 46. 47 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Profile level Configuration Cheatsheet Profile Configuration Summary RF Management Profile Power: Min – 9, Max – 12 for modern offices Min – 9, Max – max for traditional offices Min – 9, Max – max for mixed environment Measure Rx channel busy during slow time in all cases Channel Use 40 MHz (if you want a slow migration) Use 80 MHz (Max performance) (DFS needs to be enabled for re-use) Use 20 MHz channels for APs closer than 30 feet (for ultra HD deployments Use CSR - set to 25 or 30
- 47. 48 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Profile level Configuration Recommendations Profile Configuration Summary SSID Profile 802.11a basic & beacon rate- 24 Mbps 802.11g basic & beacon rate – 12 Mbps HT-SSID Profile Default settings VHT Profile Default settings
- 48. 49 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Summary of Recommendations • AOS 6.3.1.7 or newer • Enable end-to-end jumbo frame support if in tunnel mode • Adjust TX powers based on type of site • Adjust beacon and basic rates • Set AMSDU to 3 for BE,BK and VI under Ht-SSID Profile.
- 49. 50 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf The Planning Process • VisualRF Plan (Virtual site survey): – VisualRF Plan is the Aruba pre-deployment site planning tool. – Covers most standard deployments – Outdoor, warehouse, non-standard environments may need extra work • Physical site surveys: – Best way to characterize the RF propagation of a given facility – Time consuming – Costly
- 50. 51 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf RF Planning recommendations • Consider using 80 MHz channels in a 5-channel plan – ARM will manage primary 20 and 40 MHz channel selections – Will require use of 3 DFS channels • All 11n Tx power recommendations continue 2 1 3 4 5 2 1 3 4 5 2 1 3 4 5
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- 52. 53 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf ClientMatch™ Enables 802.11ac Wi-Fi Match to another AP DEVICE TYPE INTERFERENCELOCATION CONGESTION REAL-TIME RF CORRELATION Enables use of 802.11ac Wi-Fi rates 98% of mobile devices with higher signal quality 94% better performance for “sticky” clients No client-side software required Patent: 8,401,554
- 53. 54 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf ClientMatch for Link & Traffic Optimization (L2-3)
- 54. 55 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf RF Performance Aruba OS Dashboard
- 55. 56 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf AOS 6.3 RF support ClientMatch on by default ClientMatch will override Band Steering, Spectrum load balancing, and Station handoff . a/b/g only 11n 11ac (AP-225) ClientMatch No impact Supported Supported Band steering Supported Supported* No impact Spectrum load balancing Supported Supported* No impact Station handoff assist Supported Supported* No impact
- 56. 57 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Sticky client impact on the network • Simple example – 1 user connecting at 6 Mbps and 9 users at 130 Mbps – If they each download a 10 MB (80 Mb) file • 6 Mbps is ~5 Mbps useful • 6 Mbps connection takes 16 seconds • 130 Mbps is 85 Mbps useful • 130 Mbps takes 0.94 seconds – So 16 + 9*0.94 = 24.5 seconds for 800 Mb ~32.5 Mbps versus 85 Mbps for all users connecting at 130 Mbps. • This is exacerbated in built out networks as one slow user will affect all APs and clients that can hear it
- 57. 58 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf Preparing your wired network for .11ac • Ensure minimum 1 Gbps uplink ports for the APs • Ensure 10 Gbps uplink from edge switches to core – One 11ac AP can max out a 1 Gbps uplink on a switch
- 58. 59 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved #AirheadsConf
- 59. 60 CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014.Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved Thank You #AirheadsConf
Editor's Notes
- #3 Quick slide covering the changing use of client devices
- #4 What you really need here is the minimum acceptable throughput that the application will require -It is advisable to measure this yourself on multiple platforms - manufacturer/supplier numbers are good - but Trust and Verify is always a better career bet.
- #7 11ac is an extension of 11n. Those of you who were around for the 11n roll out will notice a lot of déjà vu. The big difference with 11ac is that end users care about wireless speeds now. Client devices are differentiating themselves with 11ac support (HTC One, Samsung GS4, MacBook Air)
- #8 FCC: US, Australia Canada, Colombia, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan (all core countries), and more Orange = cannot be used due to doplar weather radar interference Blue = added 144 which opened a 20, 40 and 80 mhz channel Pattern = FCC DFS required FCC has talked about adding additional channels but there is no official word on that yet. Unknown is new hardware will be required because we don’t know what the DFS requirements will be. Most customers will deploy 80 MHz channels. There is a dynamic per packet channel width decision made in 11ac. Some of that was standard in 11n but the sensitivity was too low (-62) and it has been increased to -72 and seems to work now. High density deployments and special cases may still want 20 or 40 mhz channels depending on utilization and use case.
- #9 ETSI: EU, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, UAE (all core countries), and more Japan: similar restrictions, different power limits, DFS details Pattern = ETSI DFS required
- #11 FCC: US, Australia Canada, Colombia, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan (all core countries), and more Orange = cannot be used due to doplar weather radar interference Blue = added 144 which opened a 20, 40 and 80 mhz channel Pattern = FCC DFS required FCC has talked about adding additional channels but there is no official word on that yet. Unknown is new hardware will be required because we don’t know what the DFS requirements will be. Most customers will deploy 80 MHz channels. There is a dynamic per packet channel width decision made in 11ac. Some of that was standard in 11n but the sensitivity was too low (-62) and it has been increased to -72 and seems to work now. High density deployments and special cases may still want 20 or 40 mhz channels depending on utilization and use case.
- #12 In 802.11ac the interference detection threshold has also improved. Wi-Fi AP’s use interference detection to reduce overlap and collisions with other AP’s operating on secondary channels. The standard defines a sensitivity threshold for the signal strength on the secondary channel that an AP must measure in order to determine if that secondary channel is busy. 802.11n uses -62 dBm as the sensitivity threshold for interfering 802.11n signals 802.11ac improved this to -72 dBm, which means that 802.11ac networks have improved sensitivity towards collision avoidance and overlap detection. Dynamic bandwidth management and increased sensitivity of the clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold are the features that improve the performance of 802.11ac
- #14 2.4 ghz will mostly remain 20 mhz 11n so those speeds will still be on the network 5 ghz will transition to 80 mhz in most cases from the 40 mhz. Single stream smart phones see some of the largest benefits from 11ac going from 72.2 mhz (2.4 ghz) to 433. Many phones are making the switch from 2.4 to 5 as part of the 11ac migration. Single 11ac client, 5GHz radio 1 3x3 11ac VHT80 N/A TCP UP/Down, UDP UP/Down d-tunnel 825 870, 920 930 tunnel 650 672, 800 776 bridge 825 865, 920 945
- #16 Same range for rates that also exist in 11n, add 2 more rates in core Note that coverage areas may expand using 11ac TxBF
- #17 Rates are ~doubled, but range is slightly reduced (-3dB, 70%)
- #18 Signal level: assumes a site survey is done with an AP transmitting at +17dBm
- #25 2.4 ghz will mostly remain 20 mhz 11n so those speeds will still be on the network 5 ghz will transition to 80 mhz in most cases from the 40 mhz. Single stream smart phones see some of the largest benefits from 11ac going from 72.2 mhz (2.4 ghz) to 433. Many phones are making the switch from 2.4 to 5 as part of the 11ac migration. Samsung s4 has seen 250 mbps downstream in testing Single 11ac client, 5GHz radio 1 3x3 11ac VHT80 N/A
- #29 The AP-110 Series and AP-220 series are our latest generation of Wi-Fi products and both have RF enhancements that include cellular interference mitigation as some of the LTE cellular bands can interfere with 2.4GHz transmissions on the 11n radio. You should lead with the AP-220 Series for high performance and density, upselling your customers from the AP-130 to AP-220. For cost-sensitive customers or those who don’t need the best performance and future-proofing, lead with the AP-110 Series. AP-103 Price $395 AP-224/225 3x3:3 Dual Radio 5GHz 11ac: up to 1.3Gbps 2.4GHz 11n: up to 450Mbps 2x GE link aggregation Enabling >1Gbps throughput Full 802.11ac functionality with standard 802.3af PoE 802.11ac Beamforming
- #30 TurboQAM: proprietary solution to support 11ac 256-QAM modulation in 2.4GHz, potentially offering 33% throughput increase 802.3af POE: No USB No second Ethernet port 1x3:1ss 2.4GHz radio
- #38 50 cm from das 1-2 from directional base station
- #42 Poe redundancy – different switches Lag can be enabled – same switch For traffic more than a gig Ha-lite is supported with lag
- #45 If you are using tunnel enable AMSDU Use d-tunnel – if you want 11w, D-DMO Other tunnel -
- #46 Stickiness between 11n and 11ac – clientmatch should help
- #48 Enterprise configs: For open office: where AP’s that can hear each other Peaks and lobes for rx busy – take the utilization at slow times, that tells you if its CCI or users consuming the bandwidth Too many SSIDs, APs are too close Square, twitter, facebook etc. For closed offices: defaults config Microsoft etc. For universities – default power as APs might not hear each other well Radio that transmit voice, match the device characteristics – especially hospitals Outdoor/PFE – special ping tiger team Issues with 80 MHz, reduce the variables, go to 40 MHz, VHT is still turned on – all enterprises ran into issues – connectivity, discoonnect, performance CSR – part of 6.3.1.3, without CSR cap power to avoid interference, for deployments less than 40 feet or go to 20 MHz channels, or go to DFS channels on 40 MHz
- #49 Enterprise configs: For open office: where AP’s that can hear each other Peaks and lobes for rx busy – take the utilization at slow times, that tells you if its CCI or users consuming the bandwidth Too many SSIDs, APs are too close Square, twitter, facebook etc. For closed offices: defaults config Microsoft etc. For universities – default power as APs might not hear each other well Radio that transmit voice, match the device characteristics – especially hospitals Outdoor/PFE – special ping tiger team Issues with 80 MHz, reduce the variables, go to 40 MHz, VHT is still turned on – all enterprises ran into issues – connectivity, discoonnect, performance CSR – part of 6.3.1.3, without CSR cap power to avoid interference, for deployments less than 40 feet or go to 20 MHz channels, or go to DFS channels on 40 MHz
- #54 When it comes to performance, there is no match to Aruba’s ClientMatch technology. As you know, there are a variety of different client devices out there running on different operating system, different driver versions, even different capabilities like 802.11 a or b or g or n as well as 11ac. Not all these devices are created equal and just one poorly behaving client can bring down the performance of the whole network. The fundamental issue that on a Wi-Fi network the client device is in control. They make their own decisions on which AP to connect to, how long to stay connected to that AP and when to let go leading to the well known sticky client problem. Problem with this approach is that the Client devices have a narrow view of the network and are generally making decisions that may not be in the best interests of the overall network. ClientMatch fixes this by enabling the Wi-Fi infrastructure to make decisions on behalf of the client while keep a global network wide view in mind. If you are talking on your cell phone while driving down the road, you are probably going through several different cell towers. As you pass the towers, your active call and your devices is being actively steered by the cell company to the best cell tower for your device. Similarly, ClientMatch enables the infrastructure to steer the devices to the best possible AP based on several different factors like device type, location of the device, signal to noise ratio in the vicinity of the device as well the load on the Access Point. You can see this in action on the animated slide here where the iPad is being steered to another AP. With ClientMatch, the goal is to improve the quality of every single connection which effectively boosts overall network performance providing users with a superior user experience. As you see on this slide, Aruba has already been granted a patent on this technology making it unique and highly differentiated. Without ClientMatch, an 802.11ac network will operate no different than a 802.11n network and users will not experience much performance gains. In a real world test, we observed 98% of the devices significant improvement in their Signal to noise ratio when ClientMatch was enabled on the network.
- #56 We are going to start out by looking at immediate issues on your network and move into longer term health monitoring. We are essentially triaging the network. First we are checking to make sure there are no cuts or bruises right now through the controller. Then we will move towards the 6 month physical to verify that things are continuing to run smoothly. We will be using the controller dashboard and AirWave. But these are just examples. What we are talking about holds true for any wireless network. Broadcast vs multicast traffic Noise: Noise Floor Interference (%): The percentage of time of signals in that channel that could not be decoded as Wi-Fi signals.