This study investigated the effects of automobile seat backrest angle and lumbar support prominence on low back muscle activity. Six male subjects participated in experimental sessions with a backrest angle of either 1100 or 1200 and lumbar support prominence of either 0mm or 50mm. Electromyography was used to measure muscle activity in the erector spinae muscles. The results showed that a backrest angle of 1200 significantly reduced muscle activity compared to 1100. However, lumbar support prominence did not significantly affect muscle activity. The findings suggest that backrest design should accommodate comfortable, nearly flat spine postures rather than postures with large lumbar curves. Future work will evaluate different lumbar support mechanisms and compare muscle activity to comfort perceptions.
This document discusses ergonomic seating and posture. Some key points include:
- Sitting requires less energy than standing but poor posture can increase risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic chairs can help support proper posture.
- Lumbar disc pressure and back muscle activity are lowest with a supported reclined posture between 110-130 degrees. Dynamic chairs that allow movement may improve posture over time compared to static chairs.
- Features like adjustable seat height, backrest height, tilt, and armrests allow chairs to support neutral postures for a variety of body sizes and tasks. Intuitive, easy to use controls are also important.
- Proper ergonomic posture is not one
Total hip replacement,ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP: APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, DESIGN AND SELECTION OF TOTAL HIP COMPONENTS, ALTERNATE BARRINGS INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THR & TEMPLETING AND PRE-OP EVALUATION.
This document provides an overview of total hip replacement surgery. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint and causes of hip pain and loss of mobility like osteoarthritis and fractures. It describes the surgical procedure for total hip replacement, which involves removing the femoral head and inserting prosthetic components. Post-surgery rehabilitation and potential complications are also outlined.
This document summarizes the history and process of hip resurfacing surgery. It discusses how hip resurfacing procedures aim to mimic the natural hip joint using 2-3 components: an acetabular component and bearing surface, and a femoral component. The document then outlines the design process for the femoral component, including reconstructing the proximal femur through sketches, sweeps, and blend operations in CAD software. Finite element analysis is conducted to test the implant design and ensure stress levels are below yield strengths when subjected to loads up to 2-3 times body weight. The conclusion is that the implant design has low chances of failure based on the FEA results.
The document discusses different types of prosthetics including transfemoral sockets, ischial containment sockets, suction sockets, prosthetic knees, stance control knees, hydraulic knees, and pneumatic knees. It provides details on the design, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. The Dr. P.K. Sethi Rehabilitation Centre in Jaipur, India was the first private hospital in the country to have a prosthetics and orthotics center, established in 1985.
A total hip replacement (THR) system is designed to restore hip functionality and improve long-term performance by reducing pain. A THR involves surgically replacing damaged hip joints with prosthetic components, including a femoral stem, femoral head, and acetabulum cup. The design of this THR system was created using inputs like commercially available prosthetic femurs and considers features like a collar for ease of removal and weight transfer between components.
Anthropometric data and body mass index (BMI) calculations are important for bilateral lower-limb amputees. A BMI calculator tool allows users to enter height and weight to calculate BMI based on amputation level. For those with two leg amputations, a graduated approach to prosthetic training is most effective, starting with short "stubbies" that focus on balance and mobility without knees or long pylons before progressing to full leg prosthetics.
This document discusses ergonomic seating and posture. Some key points include:
- Sitting requires less energy than standing but poor posture can increase risks of musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic chairs can help support proper posture.
- Lumbar disc pressure and back muscle activity are lowest with a supported reclined posture between 110-130 degrees. Dynamic chairs that allow movement may improve posture over time compared to static chairs.
- Features like adjustable seat height, backrest height, tilt, and armrests allow chairs to support neutral postures for a variety of body sizes and tasks. Intuitive, easy to use controls are also important.
- Proper ergonomic posture is not one
Total hip replacement,ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP: APPLIED BIOMECHANICS, DESIGN AND SELECTION OF TOTAL HIP COMPONENTS, ALTERNATE BARRINGS INDICATIONS, CONTRAINDICATIONS OF THR & TEMPLETING AND PRE-OP EVALUATION.
This document provides an overview of total hip replacement surgery. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint and causes of hip pain and loss of mobility like osteoarthritis and fractures. It describes the surgical procedure for total hip replacement, which involves removing the femoral head and inserting prosthetic components. Post-surgery rehabilitation and potential complications are also outlined.
This document summarizes the history and process of hip resurfacing surgery. It discusses how hip resurfacing procedures aim to mimic the natural hip joint using 2-3 components: an acetabular component and bearing surface, and a femoral component. The document then outlines the design process for the femoral component, including reconstructing the proximal femur through sketches, sweeps, and blend operations in CAD software. Finite element analysis is conducted to test the implant design and ensure stress levels are below yield strengths when subjected to loads up to 2-3 times body weight. The conclusion is that the implant design has low chances of failure based on the FEA results.
The document discusses different types of prosthetics including transfemoral sockets, ischial containment sockets, suction sockets, prosthetic knees, stance control knees, hydraulic knees, and pneumatic knees. It provides details on the design, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. The Dr. P.K. Sethi Rehabilitation Centre in Jaipur, India was the first private hospital in the country to have a prosthetics and orthotics center, established in 1985.
A total hip replacement (THR) system is designed to restore hip functionality and improve long-term performance by reducing pain. A THR involves surgically replacing damaged hip joints with prosthetic components, including a femoral stem, femoral head, and acetabulum cup. The design of this THR system was created using inputs like commercially available prosthetic femurs and considers features like a collar for ease of removal and weight transfer between components.
Anthropometric data and body mass index (BMI) calculations are important for bilateral lower-limb amputees. A BMI calculator tool allows users to enter height and weight to calculate BMI based on amputation level. For those with two leg amputations, a graduated approach to prosthetic training is most effective, starting with short "stubbies" that focus on balance and mobility without knees or long pylons before progressing to full leg prosthetics.
This is a comprehensive guide to the Ream and Run procedure, a variation of shoulder replacement for younger patients with shoulder arthritis or those who wish to have no restrictions after surgery
Latest advances in Joint replacements higlkights rane of procedures currently performed by Dr. Venkatachalam. This list is not exhaustive and newer procedures are introduced frequently. Patients seeking value medical care abroad will benefit from this knowledge
Seated Human Spine Response Prediction to Vertical Vibration via Artificial...abdulaziznaser2012
Harmonic vibration and shock can create health problem in long term especially in heavy duty machineries such as bus, truck, agricultural tractor and mine excavators. People are interested in remove this undesirable vibration by seat suspension systems. In design of seat suspension biodynamic models are necessary, and having that can help to researchers to predict human body behavior. Artificial neural network is a new computation method which is good for this purpose. In this study, an artificial neural network model was established based on experimental data to represent response of spine to the vertical vibration. The accuracy of this model is high (over 90%) in comparison to previous models like as lumped or finite elements models. Also, weight and height are considered in this model as inputs. Achieved bio dynamic ANN model can be used in other research purpose such as seat suspension optimization or adaptive seat suspension control systems.
Treatments of Hip and Knee Arthritis by EBJ Proliance SurgeonsRon Ford
This document discusses treatments for hip and knee arthritis, including joint replacement surgery. It provides background on Dr. Huang's experience and practice philosophy focusing on latest and safest care. It reviews arthritis, its causes, diagnosis, and conservative treatment options. Joint replacement surgery goals are to relieve pain, improve motion, and return patients to normal functions. The document outlines surgical procedures for hip and knee replacement and advances in materials, techniques, and expanded indications to help more active younger patients maintain an active lifestyle.
The document discusses Wolff's law which states that bone remodels in response to stresses placed upon it. It then discusses different types of functional appliances used in orthodontics including myotonic appliances which rely on muscle mass/resting pressure and myodynamic appliances which make use of muscle activity/movement. The controversy around the degree of bite opening with appliances like activators is also summarized. The document argues that light bite opening may stimulate muscles and growth, while more opening relies on soft tissue stretching.
A short and descriptive presentation on total hip replacement surgery. This presentation gives brief idea about the causes of arthritis of hip and its management. This presentation also provides information on total hip replacement procedure.
Dr.A.Mohan krishna
Consultant orthopedic surgeon
Apollo hospitals,
Hyderabad
Appointments: 9247258989
9441184590
www.drmohankrishna.com
www.bonesandjointsclinic.com
www.healthyjointclub.com
1. The document discusses upper extremity balance and stability training, focusing on proprioception, core stability, and their relationship to shoulder stability.
2. It provides an overview of exercises to improve range of motion, strength, proprioception, core stability, and progressions for both open and closed kinetic chain exercises.
3. The author recommends programs incorporate exercises for rotator cuff and periscapular muscles, as well as closed kinetic chain exercises and functional training, while limiting unstable surface training.
This document provides an overview of orthotics, including their goals and common types. It defines an orthosis as any device added to the body to stabilize, immobilize, prevent deformity, protect from injury, or assist with function. The document then describes common lower extremity orthoses like foot orthosis, ankle foot orthosis, knee orthosis, knee ankle foot orthosis, and hip orthosis, providing examples and uses for each. It also lists objectives for understanding orthotic terminology, goals, types, and selecting the appropriate orthosis for different scenarios.
Hip resurfacing is an option for young and active patients with hip disease that allows for greater movement and reduced pain compared to traditional hip replacements. It involves reshaping the femoral head and inserting a metal cap, while cementing a metal socket in the pelvis. Hip resurfacing aims to give patients freedom of movement without pain and prevent future hip problems, while also providing an extended treatment option for young patients who may outlive a traditional hip replacement.
This document discusses testing methods for total ankle and shoulder replacement implants. It notes that while testing methods are standardized for knee and hip implants, extremity implants like ankle and shoulder prosthetics have not been as extensively tested. The document outlines current testing procedures for these implants, which typically use modified knee or hip simulators. It discusses adapting simulators to test total ankle replacements, including setting up fixtures and inputting motion profiles. Testing procedures for total shoulder replacements are also described, such as using a hip simulator with custom fixtures to simulate shoulder motion. The document stresses the need for more research on in vivo joint motions and forces to further improve testing methods for these implants.
Core stability is a complex issue with many myths and misconceptions. There are several beliefs that are refuted by current evidence:
1) Certain core muscles like transversus abdominis are not uniquely important for spinal stability.
2) Weak abdominal muscles do not necessarily lead to back pain.
3) Strengthening core muscles does not reliably reduce back pain more than general exercises.
4) A strong core will not necessarily prevent injury more than other forms of exercise. Core stability exercises provide benefits similar to general exercises and are not uniquely effective for back pain.
Currently favored Biomaterials in total hip replacementsBhaskarBorgohain4
It was Sir John Charnley who popularized total hip replacement after his phenomenal success using PMMA cold curing bone cement to perform cemented hip replacements. His method of fixation still remains the gold standard for component fixation especially for the femoral stem. Over the years cementless or uncemented designs have come into application to avoid risk of cement related complications. Similarly metal on polyethylene articulation has been criticized for PE wear and aseptic osteolysis. This led to increasing use of ceramic head on highly cross linked PE cup articulation. Metal on metal designs came and gone due to the problem of metalosis and pseudotumors. Ceramic on ceramic articulation is reportedly best in terms of wear rates. Hybrid hip replacements are also increasing especially in younger patients of AVN. Accelerated biotechnological developments are happening in this field to improve long term outcomes and implant survival.
Apply pressure to cuff to flatten lumbar curve
Client attempts to maintain neutral spine by contracting TA
Assess ability to maintain neutral spine with increasing pressure
Assess symmetry of contraction
Poor control = inability to maintain neutral or asymmetric contraction
6/19/2012 Ratankhuman M.P.T. (Ortho & Sports) 33
Abdominal Neuromuscular Control Test
Supine with hips & knees in 90
Pressure cuff placed under lum
Stiehl Jb. Design Factors Influencing Rom In TkaStruijs
The document discusses factors that influence range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including patient factors like obesity, surgical technique, and prosthetic design. It finds that posterior stabilized (PS) designs can provide higher ROM than posterior cruciate retaining designs, and that the LPS High Flex PS design further increases ROM, with reported passive flexion of 130-140 degrees in many cases. However, it also notes there may be increased risks of wear, synovitis, and anterior knee pain with such high flexion.
This presentation is very beneficial for those who are in the field of prosthetics & orthotics. I have covered the basics of prosthetic foot, its mechanisms & its types. I have mentioned advanced prosthetic foot also. Hope this will help you all.
Total knee replacement is a salvage procedure in orthopaedic surgery to provide a painless, mobile and stable knee joint to improve quality of life of patients suffering from afvanced painful arthritis commonly osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and rarely post-traumatic arthritis. Damaged cartilages and bones are carefully removed by measured resection and the collateral ligaments are preserved and balanced for creating a equal gap both in knee flexion as well as in knee extension for restoring anatomy. the main indication for doing total knee replacement is pain relief. The overall functional outcomes in terms of functional results are good after total knee replacement. Wound infection must be prevented by strict aseptic precautions during surgery.
This document discusses biomechanics models of human movement. It describes three schools of biomechanics: the inverted pendulum model from 1685, the spring-mass model from 1989/1990, and the integrated spring-mass model from 2012. The spring-mass model views the leg as a spring and torso as mass, while the integrated model also includes the spine and models the legs as progressive rate torsion springs. The document argues the integrated model better explains how the human body absorbs shocks and stores energy for efficiency. It also discusses how nervous system modulation, movement patterns, fatigue and other factors can impact spring stiffness and compliance in the human body.
This document summarizes evidence on the use of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFOs) and Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (HKAFOs) for ambulation. KAFOs brace the knee and ankle, while HKAFOs also brace the hip. They are used to treat conditions like muscular dystrophy, polio, and stroke. The evidence shows that KAFOs and HKAFOs can improve mobility for individuals with spinal cord injuries or paraplegia when used with gait training or electrical stimulation. However, more research is still needed due to the heterogeneity of patient populations and devices. Cost can also be a limitation, with K
Ijpr.2015.105EFFECT OF HIP ABDUCTOR STRENGTHENING AMONG NON-PROFESSIONAL CYCL...jayanta Jayanta0074U
EFFECT OF HIP ABDUCTOR STRENGTHENING AMONG
NON-PROFESSIONAL CYCLISTS WITH ILIOTIBIAL BAND FRICTION
SYNDROME.Background and Objectives: The studywas carried out to find out the effect of hip abductor strengthening among
non-professional cyclists with iliotibial band friction syndrome.
Subjects: 40 non-professional cyclists with ipsilateral ITBFS subject including male and female age between 18
to 50 with positive ober’s and nobble test were included in this study.
Methods: 40 subject were selected according to the inclusion criteria and they were assessed pre and post for
ROM(hip adduction, IR), hip abductor strength and pain using goniometer,sphygmomanometer and VAS .Subject
were assign experimental group(group A 20 subject) who received IT band stretching,US,and hip abductor
strengthening exercise and control group (group B 20 subject) who received same treatment except hip abductor
strengthening.
Data Analysis and Results: Based on statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test to compare the pre and post test
pain in both group,Mann-whitney U- test to compare the post test pain scores of between groups ,Paired t - test
to compare the pre and post ROM and strength in both groups, Unpaired t – test to compare post test ROM in
between groups showed that pre post difference within group A there was significant difference for adduction
ROM (p value <.0001),ir><.0001),vas(p><.0001),and><.0001).However in group B adduction ROM and VAS were found to be significant.
In comparision in difference between groups it was found that adduction ROM,IR ROM,VAS and strength all
were significant. Baseline data for outcome variable were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Based on outcome variable there was significant difference of hip abductor strengthening among
non-professional cyclist with iliotibial band friction syndrome.
11.some haematological parameters of tuberculosis (tb) infected africansAlexander Decker
1) The study examined hematological parameters in 100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and found significantly lower hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy controls.
2) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, relative plasma viscosity, euglobulin lysis time, and fibrinogen concentration were significantly higher in patients.
3) As anti-tuberculosis therapy progressed, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, relative plasma viscosity, and euglobulin lysis time decreased significantly, indicating improved hemorheologic activity and fibrinolysis.
11.isolation and pcr amplification of genomic dna from traded seeds of nutmegAlexander Decker
The document describes a protocol for isolating genomic DNA from powdered nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans) that yields high molecular weight DNA suitable for PCR amplification. The protocol involves a modified CTAB extraction procedure with 2M NaCl, 0.3% beta-mercaptoethanol, and 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone. The isolated DNA was of high quality with A260/280 ratios of 1.6-1.7 and yielded 4-6 μg/g of dried tissue. The DNA could be consistently amplified by PCR with random primers, demonstrating its suitability for molecular analysis of traded nutmeg powders.
This is a comprehensive guide to the Ream and Run procedure, a variation of shoulder replacement for younger patients with shoulder arthritis or those who wish to have no restrictions after surgery
Latest advances in Joint replacements higlkights rane of procedures currently performed by Dr. Venkatachalam. This list is not exhaustive and newer procedures are introduced frequently. Patients seeking value medical care abroad will benefit from this knowledge
Seated Human Spine Response Prediction to Vertical Vibration via Artificial...abdulaziznaser2012
Harmonic vibration and shock can create health problem in long term especially in heavy duty machineries such as bus, truck, agricultural tractor and mine excavators. People are interested in remove this undesirable vibration by seat suspension systems. In design of seat suspension biodynamic models are necessary, and having that can help to researchers to predict human body behavior. Artificial neural network is a new computation method which is good for this purpose. In this study, an artificial neural network model was established based on experimental data to represent response of spine to the vertical vibration. The accuracy of this model is high (over 90%) in comparison to previous models like as lumped or finite elements models. Also, weight and height are considered in this model as inputs. Achieved bio dynamic ANN model can be used in other research purpose such as seat suspension optimization or adaptive seat suspension control systems.
Treatments of Hip and Knee Arthritis by EBJ Proliance SurgeonsRon Ford
This document discusses treatments for hip and knee arthritis, including joint replacement surgery. It provides background on Dr. Huang's experience and practice philosophy focusing on latest and safest care. It reviews arthritis, its causes, diagnosis, and conservative treatment options. Joint replacement surgery goals are to relieve pain, improve motion, and return patients to normal functions. The document outlines surgical procedures for hip and knee replacement and advances in materials, techniques, and expanded indications to help more active younger patients maintain an active lifestyle.
The document discusses Wolff's law which states that bone remodels in response to stresses placed upon it. It then discusses different types of functional appliances used in orthodontics including myotonic appliances which rely on muscle mass/resting pressure and myodynamic appliances which make use of muscle activity/movement. The controversy around the degree of bite opening with appliances like activators is also summarized. The document argues that light bite opening may stimulate muscles and growth, while more opening relies on soft tissue stretching.
A short and descriptive presentation on total hip replacement surgery. This presentation gives brief idea about the causes of arthritis of hip and its management. This presentation also provides information on total hip replacement procedure.
Dr.A.Mohan krishna
Consultant orthopedic surgeon
Apollo hospitals,
Hyderabad
Appointments: 9247258989
9441184590
www.drmohankrishna.com
www.bonesandjointsclinic.com
www.healthyjointclub.com
1. The document discusses upper extremity balance and stability training, focusing on proprioception, core stability, and their relationship to shoulder stability.
2. It provides an overview of exercises to improve range of motion, strength, proprioception, core stability, and progressions for both open and closed kinetic chain exercises.
3. The author recommends programs incorporate exercises for rotator cuff and periscapular muscles, as well as closed kinetic chain exercises and functional training, while limiting unstable surface training.
This document provides an overview of orthotics, including their goals and common types. It defines an orthosis as any device added to the body to stabilize, immobilize, prevent deformity, protect from injury, or assist with function. The document then describes common lower extremity orthoses like foot orthosis, ankle foot orthosis, knee orthosis, knee ankle foot orthosis, and hip orthosis, providing examples and uses for each. It also lists objectives for understanding orthotic terminology, goals, types, and selecting the appropriate orthosis for different scenarios.
Hip resurfacing is an option for young and active patients with hip disease that allows for greater movement and reduced pain compared to traditional hip replacements. It involves reshaping the femoral head and inserting a metal cap, while cementing a metal socket in the pelvis. Hip resurfacing aims to give patients freedom of movement without pain and prevent future hip problems, while also providing an extended treatment option for young patients who may outlive a traditional hip replacement.
This document discusses testing methods for total ankle and shoulder replacement implants. It notes that while testing methods are standardized for knee and hip implants, extremity implants like ankle and shoulder prosthetics have not been as extensively tested. The document outlines current testing procedures for these implants, which typically use modified knee or hip simulators. It discusses adapting simulators to test total ankle replacements, including setting up fixtures and inputting motion profiles. Testing procedures for total shoulder replacements are also described, such as using a hip simulator with custom fixtures to simulate shoulder motion. The document stresses the need for more research on in vivo joint motions and forces to further improve testing methods for these implants.
Core stability is a complex issue with many myths and misconceptions. There are several beliefs that are refuted by current evidence:
1) Certain core muscles like transversus abdominis are not uniquely important for spinal stability.
2) Weak abdominal muscles do not necessarily lead to back pain.
3) Strengthening core muscles does not reliably reduce back pain more than general exercises.
4) A strong core will not necessarily prevent injury more than other forms of exercise. Core stability exercises provide benefits similar to general exercises and are not uniquely effective for back pain.
Currently favored Biomaterials in total hip replacementsBhaskarBorgohain4
It was Sir John Charnley who popularized total hip replacement after his phenomenal success using PMMA cold curing bone cement to perform cemented hip replacements. His method of fixation still remains the gold standard for component fixation especially for the femoral stem. Over the years cementless or uncemented designs have come into application to avoid risk of cement related complications. Similarly metal on polyethylene articulation has been criticized for PE wear and aseptic osteolysis. This led to increasing use of ceramic head on highly cross linked PE cup articulation. Metal on metal designs came and gone due to the problem of metalosis and pseudotumors. Ceramic on ceramic articulation is reportedly best in terms of wear rates. Hybrid hip replacements are also increasing especially in younger patients of AVN. Accelerated biotechnological developments are happening in this field to improve long term outcomes and implant survival.
Apply pressure to cuff to flatten lumbar curve
Client attempts to maintain neutral spine by contracting TA
Assess ability to maintain neutral spine with increasing pressure
Assess symmetry of contraction
Poor control = inability to maintain neutral or asymmetric contraction
6/19/2012 Ratankhuman M.P.T. (Ortho & Sports) 33
Abdominal Neuromuscular Control Test
Supine with hips & knees in 90
Pressure cuff placed under lum
Stiehl Jb. Design Factors Influencing Rom In TkaStruijs
The document discusses factors that influence range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including patient factors like obesity, surgical technique, and prosthetic design. It finds that posterior stabilized (PS) designs can provide higher ROM than posterior cruciate retaining designs, and that the LPS High Flex PS design further increases ROM, with reported passive flexion of 130-140 degrees in many cases. However, it also notes there may be increased risks of wear, synovitis, and anterior knee pain with such high flexion.
This presentation is very beneficial for those who are in the field of prosthetics & orthotics. I have covered the basics of prosthetic foot, its mechanisms & its types. I have mentioned advanced prosthetic foot also. Hope this will help you all.
Total knee replacement is a salvage procedure in orthopaedic surgery to provide a painless, mobile and stable knee joint to improve quality of life of patients suffering from afvanced painful arthritis commonly osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and rarely post-traumatic arthritis. Damaged cartilages and bones are carefully removed by measured resection and the collateral ligaments are preserved and balanced for creating a equal gap both in knee flexion as well as in knee extension for restoring anatomy. the main indication for doing total knee replacement is pain relief. The overall functional outcomes in terms of functional results are good after total knee replacement. Wound infection must be prevented by strict aseptic precautions during surgery.
This document discusses biomechanics models of human movement. It describes three schools of biomechanics: the inverted pendulum model from 1685, the spring-mass model from 1989/1990, and the integrated spring-mass model from 2012. The spring-mass model views the leg as a spring and torso as mass, while the integrated model also includes the spine and models the legs as progressive rate torsion springs. The document argues the integrated model better explains how the human body absorbs shocks and stores energy for efficiency. It also discusses how nervous system modulation, movement patterns, fatigue and other factors can impact spring stiffness and compliance in the human body.
This document summarizes evidence on the use of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFOs) and Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (HKAFOs) for ambulation. KAFOs brace the knee and ankle, while HKAFOs also brace the hip. They are used to treat conditions like muscular dystrophy, polio, and stroke. The evidence shows that KAFOs and HKAFOs can improve mobility for individuals with spinal cord injuries or paraplegia when used with gait training or electrical stimulation. However, more research is still needed due to the heterogeneity of patient populations and devices. Cost can also be a limitation, with K
Ijpr.2015.105EFFECT OF HIP ABDUCTOR STRENGTHENING AMONG NON-PROFESSIONAL CYCL...jayanta Jayanta0074U
EFFECT OF HIP ABDUCTOR STRENGTHENING AMONG
NON-PROFESSIONAL CYCLISTS WITH ILIOTIBIAL BAND FRICTION
SYNDROME.Background and Objectives: The studywas carried out to find out the effect of hip abductor strengthening among
non-professional cyclists with iliotibial band friction syndrome.
Subjects: 40 non-professional cyclists with ipsilateral ITBFS subject including male and female age between 18
to 50 with positive ober’s and nobble test were included in this study.
Methods: 40 subject were selected according to the inclusion criteria and they were assessed pre and post for
ROM(hip adduction, IR), hip abductor strength and pain using goniometer,sphygmomanometer and VAS .Subject
were assign experimental group(group A 20 subject) who received IT band stretching,US,and hip abductor
strengthening exercise and control group (group B 20 subject) who received same treatment except hip abductor
strengthening.
Data Analysis and Results: Based on statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test to compare the pre and post test
pain in both group,Mann-whitney U- test to compare the post test pain scores of between groups ,Paired t - test
to compare the pre and post ROM and strength in both groups, Unpaired t – test to compare post test ROM in
between groups showed that pre post difference within group A there was significant difference for adduction
ROM (p value <.0001),ir><.0001),vas(p><.0001),and><.0001).However in group B adduction ROM and VAS were found to be significant.
In comparision in difference between groups it was found that adduction ROM,IR ROM,VAS and strength all
were significant. Baseline data for outcome variable were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Based on outcome variable there was significant difference of hip abductor strengthening among
non-professional cyclist with iliotibial band friction syndrome.
11.some haematological parameters of tuberculosis (tb) infected africansAlexander Decker
1) The study examined hematological parameters in 100 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and found significantly lower hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy controls.
2) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, relative plasma viscosity, euglobulin lysis time, and fibrinogen concentration were significantly higher in patients.
3) As anti-tuberculosis therapy progressed, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, relative plasma viscosity, and euglobulin lysis time decreased significantly, indicating improved hemorheologic activity and fibrinolysis.
11.isolation and pcr amplification of genomic dna from traded seeds of nutmegAlexander Decker
The document describes a protocol for isolating genomic DNA from powdered nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans) that yields high molecular weight DNA suitable for PCR amplification. The protocol involves a modified CTAB extraction procedure with 2M NaCl, 0.3% beta-mercaptoethanol, and 1.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone. The isolated DNA was of high quality with A260/280 ratios of 1.6-1.7 and yielded 4-6 μg/g of dried tissue. The DNA could be consistently amplified by PCR with random primers, demonstrating its suitability for molecular analysis of traded nutmeg powders.
11.evaluation of (khaya senegallensis) for the control of tribolium confusum ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the efficacy of Khaya senegalensis products for controlling Tribolium confusum, a beetle pest that infests stored pearl millet. Leaf powder and seed powder from K. senegalensis were tested at different concentrations and compared to a commercial insecticide (Actellic dust). Results showed that the seed powder was most effective at causing beetle mortality. All treatments significantly reduced beetle emergence and seed damage compared to the untreated control. The study demonstrates the potential of K. senegalensis products as natural insecticides for stored product pests.
11.[11 13]the length weight relationship of a riverine fish chela bacailaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the findings of a study on the length-weight relationship of the riverine fish Chela bacaila collected from the Wainganga River in India. 386 fish were measured and categorized by sex (212 males and 174 females). Regression analysis found the relationships to be: male C. bacaila W = 0.006634 L 2.9086, female C. bacaila W = 0.012325 L 2.6478, and combined C. bacaila W = 0.013283 L 2.8097. The b values indicate males are heavier than females at equal lengths, and that environmental conditions were not optimal for the fish's healthy development
11.[28 35]insecticidal activity of garlic (alium sativum (l.)) oil on calloso...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the insecticidal effects of garlic oil on Callosobruchus maculatus, a bruchid beetle pest of stored cowpeas. The study tested different concentrations of garlic oil (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ml) on three cowpea varieties, both before and after the beetles laid their eggs. Results showed that garlic oil treatment significantly reduced the number of eggs laid and the number of adult beetles that emerged, compared to untreated controls. Treatment before egg laying appeared to be more effective than treatment after eggs were laid at protecting the cowpeas from infestation and damage.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
This document summarizes a study that performed a 3D finite element analysis of the human femur bone. The analysis used a 3D CAD model of the femur obtained from medical scans. The model was meshed and material properties were assigned to different bone tissues. Nonlinear analyses were conducted to simulate loads on the femur during normal activities. Results were compared to previous studies to validate the model. The study found that cancellous bone tissue reduces stresses in the femur, with its absence causing stresses almost double the amount.
Non linear 3 d finite element analysis of the femur boneeSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper a 3D stress analysis on the human femur is carried out with a view of understanding the stress and strain distributions coming into picture during normal day to day activities of a normal human being. This work was based on the third generation standard femur CAD model being provided by Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute. By locating salient geometric features on the CAD model with the VHP (Visible Human Project) femur model, material properties at four crucial locations were calculated and assigned to the current model and carried out a nonlinear analysis using a general purpose finite element software ABAQUS. Simulation of Marten’s study revealed that the highest stress formed in the absence of the cancellous tissue is almost double the value of stress formed with cancellous tissue. A comparative study was made with the Lotz’s model by taking into consideration two different sections near the head and neck of the femur. An exhaustive number of finite element analyses were carried out on the femur model, to simulate the actual scenario. Index Terms: Fracture, Cortex, Cancellous, femur bone, finite element
Finite element stress analysis of artificial femur head on hip jointSAURABH SINGH
The increase of knowledge in all areas of research forms the premises for an increase in the life expectancy of the population as well as the quality of life, this increase of life expectancy are achieved through efficient medical care to meet the main objectives of improving and ensuring an adequate mobility for performing daily tasks.
This paper of finite element analysis of the rib cage model is applied to recognize stress distributions and to determine the rate of bone fractures(especially for pathologically changed bones). Also to determine the load and stress to occurs on the human rib cage at any accident. Also find the maximum load sustain capacity of human rib cage and according to the load sustain capacity of the human rib cage by finite element analysis and search a material as like a bone cement and it take on a rib fracture and see the result . This paper is only of to nullify the rib fracture as present medical treatment give the elastic belt but due to respiration, the human ribs are contract and relax that’s the rib fracture are only minimize not a nullify. The human models are considered in between age 15 to 40 year. The Simulation result shows a good agreement with the cadaver test data.
Passenger seat is main part of vehicle which has direct effect on her/his convenience. Seat suspension can remove unwanted and harmful vibration if right parameters were selected. Each of human body organs has specific natural frequency. When vehicle vibration reaches to this natural frequency, resonance will occur, and this phenomenon is harmful in long term. Usually lumped models used to predict human body response to vibration. In this paper, via Kitazaki biodynamic model, the seat to head vibration transmissibility was minimized by artificial neural network method. By this method, the optimum spring constant, damper coefficient and mass values were found.
Modelling and static analysis of femur bone by using different implant materialsIOSR Journals
Femur is leg bone of the human body Undergoing more deformation. Biomechanics is the theory of
how tissues, cells, muscles, bones, organs and the motion of them and how their form and function are
regulated by basic mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to create a model of real proximal human
femur bone and the behavior of femur bone is analyzed in ANSYS under physiological load conditions.
A finite element model of bones is generated by using CT scan data are being widely used to make
realistic investigations on the mechanical behavior of bone structures. . Orthopedic implantation is done in case
of failure. Before implantation it is necessary to analyze the perfectness in case of its material property, size and
shape, surface treatment, load resistance and chances of failure. Analysis is done for the stresses formed in
different femur implant materials under static loading condition using ANSYS software.
Analysis is done on different materials like structural steel, and Ti-6Al-4V implant materials. Since
each femur carries 1/2 the body weight , analysis is done for 550kg,650kg, 750kg load, including the cases of
patient carrying certain weight. And based on the analysis it can be concluded that, while comparing these two
implant materials Ti-6Al-4V gave less deformation on static load conditions. TI-6AL4V is a low density
material, which has excellent bio compatible and mechanical properties, it is ideal for the use of an implant in surgeries. Finally the success of implantation depends on implant material and size, implantation method and
its handling by the patient
This document provides an overview of hemiarthroplasty, which involves replacing the femoral head with a prosthesis while retaining the natural acetabulum. It discusses the history and types of prostheses used in hemiarthroplasty. The indications, surgical procedure, postoperative care, and possible complications of hemiarthroplasty are described. A case example of a 78-year-old female undergoing cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for a fractured neck of femur is presented.
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75% of work in industrialized countries is performed while seated. Sitting for long periods can be detrimental to back health if posture is not changed. Research found that getting up even briefly every hour can help reduce health risks. It is important for workers to understand how to keep their back healthy while seated through proper seating, posture changes, and movement.
Prediction the Biodynamic Response of the Seated Human Body using Artificial ...CSCJournals
The biodynamic response behaviors of seated human body subject to whole-body vibration have been widely investigated. The biodynamic response characteristics of seated human subjects have been extensively reported in terms of apparent mass and driving-point mechanical impedance while seat-to-head vibration transmissibility has been widely used to characterize response behavior of the seated subjects exposed to vibration. These functions (apparent mass, driving-point mechanical impedance) describe “to-the-body” force–motion relationship at the human–seat interface, while the transmissibility function describes “through-the-body” vibration transmission properties. The current study proposed a 4-DOF analytic biomechanical model of the human body in a sitting posture without backrest in vertical vibration direction to investigate the biodynamic responses of different masses and stiffness. Following the analytical approach, numerical technique developed in the present paper to facilitate and rapid the analysis. The numerical analysis used here applies one of the artificial intelligence technique to simulate and predict the response behaviors of seated human body for different masses and stiffness without the need to go through the analytic solution every time. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is introduced in the current study to predict the response behaviors for different masses and stiffness rather than those used in the analytic solution. The results of the numerical study showed that the ANN method with less effort was very efficiently capable of simulating and predicting the response behaviors of seated human body subject to whole-body vibration.
Passenger seat is main part of vehicle which has direct effect on her/his convenience. Seat suspension can remove unwanted and harmful vibration if right parameters were selected. Each of human body organs has specific natural frequency. When vehicle vibration reaches to this natural frequency, resonance will occur, and this phenomenon is harmful in long term. Usually lumped models used to predict human body response to vibration. In this paper, via Kitazaki biodynamic model, the seat to head vibration transmissibility was minimized by artificial neural network method. By this method, the optimum spring constant, damper coefficient and mass values were found.
A Study on 3D Finite Element Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Behavior ...ijsrd.com
The present study deals with the force and stress distribution within the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to an anterior tibial load with the knee at full extension was calculated using a validated three dimensional finite element model (FEM) of a human ACL. The interaction between the AM and PL bundles, as well as the contact and friction caused by the ACL wrapping around the bone during knee motion, were included in the model. The AM and PL bundles of the ACL were simulated as incompressible homogeneous and isotropic hyperelastic materials. The validated FEM was then used to calculate the force and stress distribution within the ACL under an anterior tibial load at full extension. The AM and PL bundles shared the force, and the stress distribution was non-uniform within both bundles with the highest stress localized near the femoral insertion site. The contact and friction caused by the ACL wrapping around the bone during knee motion played the role of transferring the force from the ACL to the bone, and had a direct effect on the force and stress distribution of the ACL. This validated model will enable the analysis of force and stress distribution in the ACL in response to more complex loading conditions and has the potential to help design improved surgical procedures following ACL injuries.
1) The document discusses the evolution of concepts in understanding biomechanics related to fractures of the craniofacial maxillomandibular (CMF) region. Early concepts viewed the mandible as a simple beam under tension and compression.
2) More recent concepts recognize the mandible's behavior is influenced by soft tissues like muscles and that tension and compression zones change dynamically based on bite location. Forces are transmitted through both bone and soft tissues.
3) There has also been evolution in osteosynthesis techniques from wire loops and splints to rigid plates and screws, and now semi-rigid miniplates that provide stability while allowing function and healing. The goal is load-sharing constructs that avoid stress concentrations
The document discusses how upright postures while working at a computer can flatten the natural inward curve of the lower spine. It explains that stabilizing the pelvis in its forward tilted position through sacral-pelvic support can help maintain the healthy spinal curve even when sitting upright. The design solution presented is an adjustable, contoured support for the sacral-pelvic region that provides controlled tilting of the pelvis forward to restore natural spinal alignment and reduce muscle fatigue.
Effect of taping on the shoulders of Australian football playersGlykeria Skamagki
This study examined the effects of taping on the shoulders of 33 Australian football players. Players underwent testing of shoulder laxity, proprioception, and handballing accuracy both with and without taping in random order. The study found that taping did not significantly affect shoulder laxity, joint position sense, or handballing accuracy. The results suggest that taping provides no performance or injury prevention benefits for uninjured shoulders in Australian football players.
Prediction the Biodynamic Response of Seated Human Body to Vibration Using A...MOSTAFAABDEEN1970
The biodynamic response behaviors of seated human body subject to wholebody
vibration have been widely investigated. The biodynamic response
characteristics of seated human subjects have been extensively reported in
terms of apparent mass and driving-point mechanical impedance while seat-tohead
vibration transmissibility has been widely used to characterize response
behavior of the seated subjects exposed to vibration. These functions (apparent
mass, driving-point mechanical impedance) describe “to-the-body” force–motion
relationship at the human–seat interface, while the transmissibility function
describes “through-the-body” vibration transmission properties. The current study
proposed a 4-DOF analytic biomechanical model of the human body in a sitting
posture without backrest in vertical vibration direction to investigate the
biodynamic responses of different masses and stiffness. Following the analytical
approach, numerical technique developed in the present paper to facilitate and
rapid the analysis. The numerical analysis used here applies one of the artificial
intelligence technique to simulate and predict the response behaviors of seated
human body for different masses and stiffness without the need to go through the
analytic solution every time. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is
introduced in the current study to predict the response behaviors for different
masses and stiffness rather than those used in the analytic solution. The results
of the numerical study showed that the ANN method with less effort was very
efficiently capable of simulating and predicting the response behaviors of seated
human body subject to whole-body vibration.
Prediction the Biodynamic Response of Seated Human Body to Vibration Using A...MOSTAFAABDEEN1970
The document describes an analytical 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) biomechanical model and a numerical model using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the biodynamic response of a seated human body subjected to vertical whole-body vibration. The analytical model represents the human body as 4 rigid masses interconnected by springs and dampers. The numerical model uses ANN to simulate and predict responses for different masses and stiffnesses based on data from the analytical model, requiring less effort than solving the analytical model each time. Results from both models showed that increasing human body mass or stiffness increases the seat-to-head transmissibility, driving-point mechanical impedance, and apparent mass responses.
The document discusses the history and principles of functional appliances, specifically the activator and bionator. It describes how the activator was developed in 1909 by Viggo Andresen to alter the neuromuscular environment and promote skeletal and dental development. The activator works through muscle contraction and stretching of soft tissues to apply forces in all three planes. There have been many modifications of the original activator design over the years. The bionator was developed by Wilhelm Balter in 1960 as a modified, less bulky version of the activator that can be worn both day and night for a faster adjustment of the musculature.
Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles on the living organisms and utilizing the principles of physics, simulation and study of biomechanical structures are carried out. Finite Element Method is one of the widely accepted tools for modeling the biomechanical structures. The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The method most surgeons use for treating femoral shaft fractures is intramedullary nailing. During this procedure, a specially designed nailing is inserted into the marrow canal of the femur. The rod passes across the fracture to keep it in position. An intramedullary nail can be inserted into the canal either at the hip or the knee through a small incision. It is screwed to the bone at both ends. This keeps the nail and the bone in proper position during healing. The Femur bone is modelled using 3-D Scanner and analysis is carried out in an ANSYS environment. The fracture fixation nailing is modelled using the commercially available Solidworks CAD software. The stress distribution at the fractured site of the femur is obtained when the system is subjected to compressive loadings along with healing stages. The effects of the use of different biomaterials for the nailing on the stress distribution characteristics are also investigated. Intramedullary nails are usually made of titanium. They come in various lengths and diameters to fit most femur bones. But the titanium is very costly metal. Hence the cost of surgery is more. Therefore aim to find best alternative metal in low cost.
Functional appliances
History
Basis for functional applainces
Functional appliance are loose removable appliances designed to alter the neuromuscular environment of the orofacial region to improve occlusal development and / or craniofacial skeletal growth
Similar to 11.[39 43]investigating the effect of backrest angle and lumber prominence on low back muscle activity in the automobile (20)
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
A study to evaluate the attitude of faculty members of public universities of...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated faculty members' attitudes toward shared governance in public universities in Pakistan. It used a questionnaire to assess attitudes on 4 indicators of shared governance: the role of the dean, role of faculty, role of the board, and role of joint decision-making. The study analyzed responses from 90 faculty across various universities. Statistical analysis found significant differences in perceptions of shared governance based on faculty rank and gender. Faculty rank influenced perceptions of the dean's role and role of joint decision-making. Gender influenced overall perceptions of shared governance. The results indicate a need to improve shared governance practices in Pakistani universities.
A study to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of pneumonia among middl...Alexander Decker
1) The study assessed knowledge of pneumonia prevention among 60 middle-aged adults in rural Moodbidri, India. Most subjects (55%) had poor knowledge and 41.67% had average knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 40.66%.
2) Knowledge was lowest in areas of diagnosis, prevention and management (35.61%) and highest in introduction to pneumonia (45.42%).
3) There was a significant association between knowledge and gender but not other demographic factors like age, education level or occupation. The study concluded knowledge of prevention was low and health education is needed.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
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The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
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How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
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https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
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How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
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11.[39 43]investigating the effect of backrest angle and lumber prominence on low back muscle activity in the automobile
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Investigating the Effect of Backrest Angle and Lumber
Prominence on Low back Muscle Activity in the
Automobile: A Nigeria Perspective
Imaekhai Lawrence
Department of Materials and Production Engineering, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. Nigeria
+2348051804195. oboscos@yahoo.com
Abstract
Six male subjects volunteered for a study into the effects of automobile seat backrest angle (1100 and
1200) and lumbar prominence (0 mm and 50mm). There were 2 x 2 possible factor-level combinations
in this experimental design. Each subject participated in each experimental session twice. The sessions
lasted for 1-hr. The root mean square (RMS) variation of the EMG was used to assess the stress
imposed on the low back musculature. The dependent variable was the change in RMS (RMS) over
time. By definition, the RMS value becomes more positive as low back muscle activity decreases.
Backrest angle was found to have a statistically significant main effect (p<.05). For the selected vehicle
package, a 1200 backrest angle was optimal. Lumbar support prominence was not found to affect low
back muscle activity.
Keyword: backrest, lumber support, low back, design, muscle.
1. Introduction
In the context of automotive seating, it is rather obvious that traditional lumbar support
recommendations are failing the consumer. To combat this problem, new features are constantly being
developed to address the muscle activity common in sitting postures. Massaging lumbar mechanisms
are an example. Backrest angel and lumbar support prominence are two factors that, independent of
feature, affect the occupant.
Andersson et al (1974) found that an increase in automobiles seat backrest angle was accompanied by a
decrease in myoelectirc activity. The explanation is simple. When the backrest angle is increased, a
larger proportion of the occupant’s body mass is transferred to the backrest and thus the stress on back
musculature is reduced.
Even though the aforementioned rationale is fairly well understood, there is, to data, no universally
accepted research that definitively outlines an optimal backrest angle. Vehicle package is, obviously,
the limiting factor. More specifically, the backrest angle is restricted by the need for a good field of
view. That is, the eyes must be suitably placed in relation to the automobile body so that vision is not
obscured. When the backrest angle is too large the head must be flexed to enable the driver to see the
road.
The appropriate design of a lumber support, in terms of prominence, is one of the most widely
discussed issues in the ergonomics of seating. A lumbar support is a structure that contacts the lower
back in the area of the lumbar spine during sitting. In traditional automotive seats, the lumbar support is
integrated into the backrest contour. The general purpose of the lumbar support is to stabilize the
occupant’s torso and, thereby, improve postural stability. This is accomplished by restricting the
rearward rotation of the pelvis that normally accompanies sitting while at the same time reduces flexion
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2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
(forward bending) of the lumbar spine. Rearward rotation leading to flexion causes the lumber spine to
move from lordosis towards kyphosis.
Automobile seat designers have, for a long time, attempted to preserve or induce, to the extent possible,
a lordotic lumbar spine curvature by providing a firm, longitudinally convext lumbar support in the
lower part of the backrest. The deflected contour of such a support, based on general design practice,
should mate with the lordsis of the occupant’s lower back, providing relatively even contract pressure
behind the pelvis and lumbar spine. Conventional design wisdom states that if the design of the lumbar
contour does not induce lordosis, there is often, a mismatch between the occupant’s back and the seat.
According to Reed et al (1991) this mismatch may produce uncomfortable pressure concentrations or a
lack of support in the lower levels of the lumbar spine (i.e the region where discomfort is most
frequently reported). In addition to crating discomfort, it is also possible to infer that this mismatch
may lead to increased muscle activity.
By the mid-1970s, most lumbar support recommendations were strongly influenced by philological
studies of the load on the lumbar spine. Anderson et al (1974) found the lowest level of myoelecirc
activity with an automobile seat lumber support prominence of 50 mm. Based on the assumption that
low myoelectirc activity is favorable, Anderson et al (1974) recommend a lumbar support prominence
of 50mm.
In view of this body of work, one might question the need for future research into lumbar support
design. However, some recent investigations have suggested that current lumbar support
recommendations based on physiological considerations do not adequately take into account the
behavior of the occupant in the driving environment (Reed et al, 1991).
As an example, Porter and Norris (1987), noting that the lumbar support specifications in the literature
are based primarily on physiological rationales, constructed a wooden laboratory seat to compare the
lumbar support specifications recommended by Anderson et al (1974) with occupant preferences.
Porter and Norris (1987) found that people preferred postures with substantially less lordosis (i.e.,
20mm).
More drastically, some researches have even questioned whether a lordotic lumbar spine posture is
described when seated. Adams and Hutton (1985) argue that the advantages of a flexed spine posture
outweigh the disadvantages. They cite increased transport of disc metabolites with changing pressure
levels as a factor in favor of flexed-spine postures. In summary, questions have started to surface
regarding the role of lumbar support in automotive seating.
With the quantity and quality of research done in the area of automobile seat backrest design, the lack
of consensus is surprising. This study was conducted with the purpose of attempting to establish, for a
specific vehicle package and experimental protocol, the most advantageous combination of backrest
angle and lumber support prominence (assuming that low myeolectirc activity is favorable).
2. Method
2.1 Experimental set-up
In order to investigate the effect of backrest angle and lumbar prominence on low back muscle activity,
six healthy male subjects volunteered to sit (for a series of one hour sessions) in an experimental,
luxury-level automobile seat (leather trim and power adjusters) that was mounted on a wooden base.
The experimentation was spread over a period of a few months. At the beginning of the experiment,
each subjects signed a consent form to indicate that he did not have any musculoskeletal disorders
(particularly with reared to the lower back) that would make participation in the study inadvisable.
The muscle group of interest was the erector spinae (sacrospinalis). This muscle group stretches from
the sacrum to the base of the skull. Since it is the most superficial muscle of the back, it is best suited to
surface EMG evaluation mythologies.
40
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
The erector spinae was targeted by placing six 10mm diameters bipolar surface electrodes (in pairs) at
the L3, L4, and L5 levels on the right and left sides of the subject’s back at a distance of approximately
three centimeters from the centre of the spine. Each pair of electrodes corresponded to a channel. The
exact attachment sites were determined based on the level of the palpable part of the spinous processes.
To ensure that the EMG signal was free from noise, the attachment sites were carefully cleaned. When
hair was found to cover the intended sites it was first removed. In order to achieve better conductivity,
an electrolyte paste was used between t he surface of the electrodes and the subject’s back. The
electrodes were secured to the subjects using tape.
The subjects were always seated so that the sacrum, lumbar, and thoracic spine contacted the backrest.
The subjects were instructed to keep their heads directed forward and to fix their eyes straight ahead.
The approximate angles for the ankles, knees, and elbows were 90, 1200, and 900, respectively. A
cushion angle of 120 was adopted. This setup is typical of a luxury car package.
Data were collected, from each channel, in 15-minute intervals. Although subjects were asked to
refrain from any strenuous physical activity prior to their participation in a particular test session, a
reading was not taken at time equal to zero because it was assumed that subjects would arrive with
varying levels of muscle activity. In this way, the first 15 minutes of the session (plus the minimal set-
up time) were used to stabilize the subject’s muscle activity to some normal, resting level. In summary,
data were collected at four distinct time periods (i.e., 15minute mark, 30 minute mark, 45 minute mark,
and 60minute mark).
2.2 Experimental design
There were two main factors in this experiment. They were backrest angle (measured as the angle
between the horizontal and the front surface of the backrest) and lumbar support prominence (measured
perpendicular to the backrest). The backrest angle was set to two levels: 1100 and 1200. The lumbar
support prominence was also set to two levels: 0mm (i.e, flat or full-off) and 50 mm (full-on). The
amount of lumbar prominence was varied using an adjustable lumbar support mechanism. As a result,
there were four (i.e.2x2) different experimental conditions. Each subject participated in each conditions
twice making this a full factorial, repeated measures design.
Root mean square (RMS) values were used in the analysis. The dependent variable was the difference
between the maximum RMS value obtained during the first 30 minutes and minimum RMS values
obtained during t he last 30 minutes. This measure will, from this point on, be referred to as RMS. At
each time interval the RMS values were averaged across all six channels.
3. Results and discussion
3.1 Demographics and anthropometry
The subjects were from 25 to 35 years of age. The mean standing height was 176.17cm (SD =4.07) and
mean body weight was 79.50kg (SD = 16.16).
3.2 Main effects and interaction
A two factor ANOVA was used to reveal that (1) backrest angle has a statistically significant effect on
RMS values (F (1, 44) = 5.860, p<.05), (2) lumbar support prominence did not produce a statistically
significant effect on RMS value, and (3) there was no statistically significant interaction.
In particular, a 1200 backrest angle (mean RMS value=0.002740) was found to produce a larger
decrease in erector spinae muscle activity over time than a 1100 backrest angle (mean RMS value =
0.00196).
3.2.1 Explanation of study results
It is acknowledged that, in this investigation, when the backrest angle was increased from 1100to 1200
there was a small change in torso, hip, knee, and foot angles. This was accepted as the influence on the
41
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
results was, probably, limited. With the said, the decrease in erector spinae muscle activity observed
with a 1200 backrest angle can be attributed to the increasing transfer of body weight to the backrest. In
other words, the amount of support needed to balance the trunk was minimized as part of the body
weight was transferred to the back support. As previously mentioned, the limiting factor is the need for
a good field of view. This supported previous findings with other automotive seats (Andersson et al,
1974).
The fact that lumbar support prominence does not affect erector spinae muscle activity can be
attributed to the influence of the hamstrings. The hamstring muscles connect the pelvis and leg across
the knee and hip joints and produce a restriction on pelvis orientation that varies according to knee
angle (Stokes and Abery, 1980). When the knees are extended beyond 900, as was the case in this
study, the erect pelvic angle necessary to produce substantial without hamstring discomfort. In other
words, hamstring tension resulting from the extended knee angle restricted forward pelvis rotation,
which reduced the possibility of achieving a substantially lordotic spine posture. As a result, erector
spinae muscle activity was, relatively, unaffected.
The absence of significant effect dealing, with lumbar prominence implies that automobile backrests
should be designed for driver’ preferred postures rather than for postures with a large degree of
lordosis, which are typically prescribed. In this context, Reed et al (1995) showed that lordoitc lumbar
curvatures are not prevalent even when the seat is designed to accommodate them. If this is indeed the
case, then the purpose of lumbar supports in automobile seats need to be reconsidered because the
apparent physiological benefits of lumbar lordosis cannot be realized if occupants do not select such
postures.
The findings from this study suggest that backrests with fixed lumbar supports should provide support
for nearly flat spine profiles, rather than for the standing spine curvature typically recommend.
Providing a four-way (up-down and in-out) adjustable lumbar support can accommodate those people
who prefer to sit with substantial lordosis.
4. Recommendations for future work
Rather than arbitrarily selecting a pre-existing piece of work dealing with backrest angle and lumbar
support prominence and incorporating the recommendations of control variables in future studies
designed to evaluate new lumbar support innovations (which will use the same experimental to
evaluate new lumbar support innovations (which will use the same experimental set-up), it was decided
that another, separate investigation was warranted. It was felt that this prefatory study would lend
credibility to the planned lumbar support research by arriving at backrest angle and lumbar prominence
recommendations that can confidently be applied to the selected vehicle package and experimental
protocol.
The planned research, using this work as the starting point, will (1) evaluate two different types of
lumbar support mechanism separately with hopes of identifying optimal settings for control system
variables, (2) compare the two different types of system to determine if there is a measurable difference
tin muscle activity, and (3) compare EMG results to subjective perceptions of comfort.
Reference
Adams, M.A. and Hutton, W.C. (1985). The effect of posture on the lumbar spine. Journal of Bone and
Joint Surgery, 67(4), 625-629.
Andersson, B.J.G., Ortengren, R., Nachemson, A., and Elfstrom, G. (1974). Lumbar disc pressure and
myoelectric back muscle activity during sitting. IV Studies on a car driver’s seat. Scandinavian Journal
of Rehabilitation and Medicine, 6, 128-133.
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5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Porter, J.M. and Norris, B.J. (1987). The effects of posture and seat design on lumbar lordosis.l In E.D.
Megaw (ed). Contemporary Ergonomics (pp. 191-196).Taylor & Francis, New York.
Reed, M.P., Saito, M., Kakishima, Y., Lee N.S. and Schneider, L.W. (1999). An investigation of driver
discomfort and related seat design factors in extended-duration driving. SAE Technical Paper 910117,
1-30.
Reed, M.P., Schneider, L.W., and Eby, A.H. (1995). Some effects of lumbar support contour on driver
seated posture. SAE Technical Paper 950141, 9-20.
Stokes, I.A.E. and Abery, J.M. (1980). Influence of the hamstring muscles on lumber spine curvature
in sitting. Spine, 5 (6), 525-528.
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