This document discusses the use of Robot Operating System 2 (ROS 2) and Data Distribution Service (DDS) for smart manufacturing. ROS 2 is an open-source robotics middleware that has gained popularity for use in mobile robots, industrial robots, and autonomous vehicles. It allows for distributed, decentralized control through the use of DDS as its underlying middleware for data distribution. The document outlines the history and releases of ROS 2, its advantages over a centralized ROS 1 architecture, and examples of its use in industrial applications such as multiple autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) and 5G factory networks.

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The Next Generation of
Smart Manufacturing-
Using Robot Operating System 2 & DDS
Bill Wang, Ph.D
Project Manager
Advanced Robotic Platform Group
2018.11.10

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PrismTech Acquired in 2016

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Definition of Industrial/Service Robots
*AGV in manufacturing is here
Field robot
Inspection/maintenance/construction/logistics/medical/rescue/security Cleaning/mowing/toy/hobby/
multimedia/education/elderly/
person aid

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Service Robotics: Strong Growth and Technology Burst
Main drivers: logistic systems
Burst

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Open Source Software systems hugely popular; e.g. >2/3 of all service
robot suppliers use Robot Operating System ROS (and other OSS)
by IFA (International Federation of Robotics) 2017

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ROS 2 Alpha version(Ardent Apalone) release on 2017.12
ROS 10 Years of History ~
Zhang et al., Sci. Robot. 2, eaar1868 (2017) 25 October 2017
• ROS is widely used from mobile robots,
industrial robots, probing robots, human–
computer interaction robots, to
autonomous car and group robots
• Integrated navigation, simulation,
trajectory planning, collision avoidance,
environmental awareness
ROS
2017.12

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Revolution of AGV
Multiple AGVsAGV in the past
To Be:
VS
As Is:

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Release in June 2018
ROS 2 release Bouncy Bolson!
•Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic)
• Debian packages for amd64 as well as arm64
•Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial)
• no Debian packages but building from source is
supported
•Mac OS X 10.12 (Sierra)
•Windows 10 with Visual Studio 2017
•Binary packages / fat archives support three RMW
implementations by default (without the need to build from
source):
• eProsima's FastRTPS (default)
• RTI's Connext
• ADLINK's OpenSplice
https://github.com/ros2/ros2/wiki/Release-Bouncy-Bolson

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De-centralized International Open
Architecture Becomes Popular!
OPC-UA PUB/SUB over TSN
ROS
Node 2
ROS
Node 3
ROS
Node 4
ROS
Node 1
Distributed (UDP)
ROS 2 from ROS 1
Factory Automation Robotics Autonomous Car

10. MISSION CRITICAL

11. BUSINESS CRITICAL

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Fault Propagation in Centralized System

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Fault Propagation in Centralized System

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Fault Propagation in Centralized System

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Fault Propagation in Centralized System

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Fault Propagation in Centralized System

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DDS Architecture
Physical View
DDS MIDDLEWARE
Stable Interfaces
Scalable Architecture
Infrastructure ensures “the right data at the right place, at
the right time”
Autonomous Software
Components

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• The world's largest robots open source platform
• 3M, ABB, BMW, Ford, BOSCH, Boeing,
Siemens, MIT, Stanford
• 3000+ developers
• 14 million download (2017)
• 180,000+ commits
• 140+ kinds of robots
• Reusable modular components
• Support all kinds of H/S components
• OpenCV, TensorFlow, etc.
• CUDA, CPU, ARM, X86
• Lidar, Infrared sensors, depth sensor, camera
ROS Industrial (ROS-I)

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5G Factories of the Future

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5G Factories of the Future
• Mobile robot
• Production line connectivity
• Human-Robot Collaboration
• Wireless private network
SCM
CRM
PLM
ERP
APS MES
• Multiple AGVs with collision avoidance
ROS2 DDS 5G
charging area
UAV
AMR
Pallet
Customers
Customized Order
• Real-time wireless private network
u-sensors
u-meter
u-actuator
u-actuator
ROS 2
@Zenoh
• ROS2 over
u-controller/transceiver

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Related Open Source Resource of ADLINK
- YAKS
- FogOS
- Cyclone DDS (https://github.com/eclipse/cyclonedds)
- RMW_Cyclone DDS
- Zenoh
- RMW_Zhe
- Docker for DDS
- NeuronBot
- DDSBot
- OmniBot
- RT-Kernel
- ROS 2.0 version of EAI ydlidar pkg
- adlink_ros2_tools (performance)
https://github.com/atolab

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• ROS 1 Standalone
• ROS 2 coordination among machines, adopt
DDS (pub-sub)
ROS
Master
ROS
Node 1
ROS
Node 2
ROS
Node 3
ROS
Node 4
Robot 1
Server-client (TCP)
Registration
Robot 2
Message
ROS 1 (2010)
ROS 2 (2014)
ROS
Node 2
ROS
Node 3
ROS
Node 4
ROS
Node 1
Distributed (UDP)
• Real-time
• Powerful QoS
• Standard tech.
• Dynamic discovery)
ROS2Merit
ROS 2 removes the
Master Node
Using Distributed/De-centralized Way

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ROS & ROS 2 could Bridge
ROS 1 (Kinetic) Environment
(Nodes, packages)
Linux O.S. (Ubuntu)
Hardware
GPIO, RS-232/RS-485
Intel® RealSense™
Depth Camera
Linux driver Linux driver
Opensplice DDS
API (C/C++/python)
ROS 2 Environment
(Nodes, packages)
ROS 1 &2
Bridge
API (C/C++/python)
Realtime kernel
Patch (Xenomai)
Intel Movidius VPU (USB3.0)

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Time-Deterministic Communication
Application ….
Motion
planning
Localization
and mapping
Computer
Vision
3D data
processing
Robot control
ROS client library (& drivers)
Vortex OpenSplice
Commercial version
Vortex OpenSplice
Community version
ROS abstract middleware layer (RMW)
Motion
planning
Localization
and mapping
Computer
Vision
3D data
processing
Robot control
ROS client library (& drivers)
DDS Vortex
XRCE
Huawei
TSN (Ethernet)
IEEE 802.1
• Global time
• Schedule
Time Deterministic
Network
(Guaranteed Latency)
5G (Wireless)

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Architecture I: Cloud of Robots X AI
ADLINK
ROS2
controller
Smart
Camera
5G EPC+MEC
EtherCAT
passed failed
pick & place
Defect
check
1. Dynamic
trajectory
inference
Motion control
deploy
deploy pretrained model
new result
new result
2. Advanced
analytics

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ROS 2
Architecture II: Swarm of Robots

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Give ROS users a useful tool- ADLINK Neuron
the world’s first industrial-grade ROS Starter Kit
• High flexible hardware specification
➢ Intel CPU i3/i5/i7/Celeron
➢ RAM ~32G DDR4
➢ SSD: 32G ~ (mSATA)
• Plenty of I/O interface (ALL-IN-ONE)
➢ PCIe x16 gen3 * 1
➢ PCIe x1 gen2 * 1
➢ RS232 * 3, RS485* 1, GPIO * 10, USB 3/2 * 4 (both)
➢ GbE port * 2, miniPCIe * 2, Input: 12 or 5 Volt
• Mini-ITX form factor is a compatible design
• Supported DC battery (12V, 24V DC)

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3 Robot Reference Architecture
ROS 2 Starter Kit - Neuron
DDSBot NeuronBot OmniBot
Promotion of peer-to-peer swarm
architecture of ROS 2
Promotion ROS 2 w/ AI Promotion in Education

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NVIDIA® Jetson™ TX2 Edge Inference Platform
Give ROS and AI users a useful tool - ADLINK M200-JT2
• Key Features
➢Equipped with NVIDIA® Jetson™ TX2 System on Module
➢Dual Core Denver + Quad Core A57
➢8GB LPDDR4, 32GB eMMC
➢Rich I/O & expansion
➢2x HDMI (lockable), 3x USB 3.0, 1x OTG, 1x GbE, 1x RS-232, 12Vdc input
➢1x mPCIe slot with USIM, 1x m.2 SATA slot, 1x SD card slot
https://www.adlinktech.com/Products/Deep_Learning_Accelerator_Plat
form_and_Server/Inference_Platform/M200-JT2?lang=en
To accelerate deep learning workloads for
Object Detection, Recognition and Classification !

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• ADLINK® M200-JT2 Edge Inference Platform
➢ NVIDIA® Jetson™ TX2
• AI & Visioning
➢ Depth Camera
➢ Cuda + CudNN
• Robotic Operating System
➢ ROS 1/ROS 2
➢ DDS
• Lidar and Navigation
➢ SLAM
➢ Navigation
• A Fast Moving Base
➢ TurtleBot
Combine ROS and AI with TX2
ADLINK TegraBot
Depth Camera
Lidar
TurtleBot
ADLINK M200-JT2 (TX 2)

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ADLINK TegraBot Function Architecture
Robot Navigation
Localization
Lidar
Navigation
Map Info Sys
AI tracker
Target Filter
Depth Camera
TF Classifier
Target Controller
Base Driver
State machine
IO communication
ROS
Visualization
State monitoring
Remote Robot
Control
SSH
Management
Launch
TegraBot Neuron
Wireless
Combine ROS and AI with TX2 for people tracking

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AI training method and data
ADLINK TegraBot - Autonomous tracking by cloth
• CNN: Tensor flow
➢Single Shot MultiBox Detector
➢MobileNets
✓Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision
✓Depthwise separable convolution
• Cloth classifier
➢Training set: ~300 pic
➢Classes: Tshirt, Shirt, Suit, and Polo Shirt
➢Train step: 200,000 on a GPU

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ADLINK TegraBot - ROS Node Graph
Depth Camera
People Tracker
TensorFlow
Classifier Base Driver
Robot Navigation

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The robot would recognize and track the person who wear shirt
ADLINK TegraBot with ROS and AI
Tracking People Recognize the cloth with 2 people Recognize the cloth with 4 people
Depth Camera
RGB Image
Inferred Image
Depth Image
TensorFlow Classifier
SSD
MobilNet
People Tracker
person ID
Depth acquisition
tracking filter
Tracking Controller
Target filter
Command Gen
Dynamic filter
Depth Resolver
Open NI
Point Cloud Library
Base Driver
State machine IO comm

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Power by ADLINK, ROS-I, ABB
ADLINK use ROS to control ABB robot arm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-ansSW0Cec

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https://neuron.adlinktech.com
ROS 2 Starter Kit - Neuron

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ADLINK’s experience in ROS/DDS training course
Hsin-Ming Youth Hub, Taoyuan City Government, Taiwan Automotive component manufacturing company, Japan

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We Want You!
凌華科技 - 機器人平台團隊現在有在徵一位應用工程師(FAE)
• 主要的工作內容如下：
1. Pre-sale technical support(present, training).
2. Pose-sale technical support(co-work, Q&A).
3. Support the engineering part of some specific projects.
4. Co-work with sales team.
5. POC/demonstration of ADLINK DDS(data distribution service)
• 需要的相關技能如下：
1. MS or higher in technical field(Computer science, engineering).
2. Strong understanding of network stack and OS.
3. Understanding of messaging system
4. Familiar with C/C++/Python.
5. Embedded system experience.
6. Team work player.
7. Enjoy problem solving.
8. Good English.
9. Ability to travel about 30% of time.
• 我們團隊是非常年輕的團隊，主管才不到35歲，部門平均年齡不到30歲，
整個思維非常創新啊，部門會有不定期聚餐以及各項活動。
Please contact, Dr. Bill Wang:
bill.wang@adlinktech.com

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