This paper examines the relationships between climate change, ICT, and global labor mobility. It finds that ICT has greatly increased labor mobility across borders by making it easier for job seekers and employers to connect globally online. However, climate change is a moderating factor, as environmental degradation and events like tsunamis can negatively impact immigration flows to affected areas. ICT also enables remote work and the offshoring and outsourcing of jobs. While ICT has facilitated some brain drain from developing countries, it also allows for easier repatriation of earnings through technologies like e-banking. The paper aims to identify how these three concepts interrelate and influence migration patterns.
The document discusses corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. It provides background on CSR historically focusing on shareholder profit above all else. It transitions to discussing CSR now in terms of the triple bottom line of people, planet and profit. Sustainable development is introduced as development that meets current needs without compromising future generations by balancing environmental, economic and social impacts. Examples are given of how certain companies and products can have both positive and negative impacts across these three areas.
Overpopulation in India has led to several environmental problems. It is the root cause of issues like food shortage, water scarcity, increased pollution, and deforestation. The high population growth is attributed to factors such as declining death rates, poverty, illiteracy and lack of family planning programs. Measures to control overpopulation include increasing female education, employment opportunities, and implementing policies like the two-child norm along with better access to contraceptives. Addressing the root causes of overpopulation can help curb its effects and promote sustainable development.
New technology impacts on social practices and our own perceptionsRonglin Yao
The document discusses how new technology, as represented by computers and the internet, has brought about major shifts in literacy and social practices according to Walter Ong. It argues that new technology both reflects existing social practices to a great extent, as technological innovations are developed to meet social needs and demands, and also changes social practices and ways of thinking to a great extent, profoundly impacting areas like work, communication, and daily life. Examples are given of how the internet has revolutionized work patterns through remote work and e-commerce, changed communication and social interaction, and transformed how people access information and do everyday tasks.
This chapter is an exract from my final dissretation on 'Environmental effects of shipping imports from China and their economic valutaion. The case of valve components in aluminium, iron and steeel'.
IRJET- Modernization of Houses in Informal Settlements through Housing Transf...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the modernization of houses in informal settlements in Tanzania through housing transformation. It analyzes how residents in one informal settlement, Hanna Nassif, have modernized their homes over time through incremental changes and additions. The residents view modernization as upgrading their houses with newer building materials like concrete blocks and corrugated metal roofs rather than traditional mud walls and thatch roofs. Other signs of modernization mentioned include adding separate rooms that can be rented out for income, improving toilet facilities, and enlarging windows. The transformation of houses is seen as a way for residents to improve their living standards and social status over time in an affordable manner within the constraints of the informal settlement.
This document provides steps to multiply a two-digit number by 11 or 12. For 11, the first and last digits are the same, and the middle digits are found by adding the digits. For 12, each digit is multiplied by 2 and added to the next digit. This process is extended to multiplying by higher single-digit numbers like 13 by multiplying each digit by 3 instead of 2.
ACTEBA lança o I CIRCUITO DE CONHECIMENTO E INTERAÇÃOACTEBA
A ACTEBA lançou o I Circuito de Conhecimento e Interação durante um seminário em Aurelino Leal para promover a integração entre atores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da criança e do adolescente nos 27 territórios da instituição. O Circuito visa ampliar o conhecimento sobre a realidade local e subsidiar um seminário estadual. Representantes de diversos municípios participaram do evento e discutiram a unificação da atuação territorial.
El documento propone cinco medidas para proteger la democracia en el proceso electoral peruano: 1) Excluir candidatos con sentencias vigentes que incluyan inhabilitación o suspensión de derechos políticos. 2) Excluir candidatos que ocultaron antecedentes judiciales. 3) Permitir que partidos retiren candidatos con antecedentes graves. 4) Crear una "ventanilla única" con información de candidatos. 5) Establecer requisitos más estrictos para postular a cargos públicos.
The document discusses corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. It provides background on CSR historically focusing on shareholder profit above all else. It transitions to discussing CSR now in terms of the triple bottom line of people, planet and profit. Sustainable development is introduced as development that meets current needs without compromising future generations by balancing environmental, economic and social impacts. Examples are given of how certain companies and products can have both positive and negative impacts across these three areas.
Overpopulation in India has led to several environmental problems. It is the root cause of issues like food shortage, water scarcity, increased pollution, and deforestation. The high population growth is attributed to factors such as declining death rates, poverty, illiteracy and lack of family planning programs. Measures to control overpopulation include increasing female education, employment opportunities, and implementing policies like the two-child norm along with better access to contraceptives. Addressing the root causes of overpopulation can help curb its effects and promote sustainable development.
New technology impacts on social practices and our own perceptionsRonglin Yao
The document discusses how new technology, as represented by computers and the internet, has brought about major shifts in literacy and social practices according to Walter Ong. It argues that new technology both reflects existing social practices to a great extent, as technological innovations are developed to meet social needs and demands, and also changes social practices and ways of thinking to a great extent, profoundly impacting areas like work, communication, and daily life. Examples are given of how the internet has revolutionized work patterns through remote work and e-commerce, changed communication and social interaction, and transformed how people access information and do everyday tasks.
This chapter is an exract from my final dissretation on 'Environmental effects of shipping imports from China and their economic valutaion. The case of valve components in aluminium, iron and steeel'.
IRJET- Modernization of Houses in Informal Settlements through Housing Transf...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the modernization of houses in informal settlements in Tanzania through housing transformation. It analyzes how residents in one informal settlement, Hanna Nassif, have modernized their homes over time through incremental changes and additions. The residents view modernization as upgrading their houses with newer building materials like concrete blocks and corrugated metal roofs rather than traditional mud walls and thatch roofs. Other signs of modernization mentioned include adding separate rooms that can be rented out for income, improving toilet facilities, and enlarging windows. The transformation of houses is seen as a way for residents to improve their living standards and social status over time in an affordable manner within the constraints of the informal settlement.
This document provides steps to multiply a two-digit number by 11 or 12. For 11, the first and last digits are the same, and the middle digits are found by adding the digits. For 12, each digit is multiplied by 2 and added to the next digit. This process is extended to multiplying by higher single-digit numbers like 13 by multiplying each digit by 3 instead of 2.
ACTEBA lança o I CIRCUITO DE CONHECIMENTO E INTERAÇÃOACTEBA
A ACTEBA lançou o I Circuito de Conhecimento e Interação durante um seminário em Aurelino Leal para promover a integração entre atores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da criança e do adolescente nos 27 territórios da instituição. O Circuito visa ampliar o conhecimento sobre a realidade local e subsidiar um seminário estadual. Representantes de diversos municípios participaram do evento e discutiram a unificação da atuação territorial.
El documento propone cinco medidas para proteger la democracia en el proceso electoral peruano: 1) Excluir candidatos con sentencias vigentes que incluyan inhabilitación o suspensión de derechos políticos. 2) Excluir candidatos que ocultaron antecedentes judiciales. 3) Permitir que partidos retiren candidatos con antecedentes graves. 4) Crear una "ventanilla única" con información de candidatos. 5) Establecer requisitos más estrictos para postular a cargos públicos.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. A survey of over 1,600 residents found that the highest levels of agreement were with the statements that informal enterprise waste makes the environment dirty (average rating of 4.14) and litters the streets (4.12). Residents also perceived that the enterprises generate high noise levels (3.85) and deface the environment (3.90). The results indicate various environmental issues related to waste management and aesthetics. The document recommends policies and legislation to promote proper waste management from the informal sector and sustainability in Nigerian cities.
The document discusses the rapid global diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), focusing on mobile phones in Africa. It notes the economic and social implications of widespread ICT adoption, arguing that governments must carefully consider the costs and benefits of spending on technologies and regulate their use. While ICTs improve connectivity, they can also be distracting or addictive if overused. The document concludes that policies are needed to ensure technologies primarily benefit people, not the other way around, and that precious resources are not wasted on devices or software that harm consumers.
Globalization, development and multi national corporations (mn cs)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper examining the impact of globalization and multinational corporations (MNCs) on the Kenyan economy. It discusses how MNCs have contributed to economic growth in Kenya through foreign direct investment, technology transfer, and trade. However, it also notes that MNCs have had some negative social impacts by shifting production away from local goods, using capital-intensive technologies that limit employment, and developing supply chain linkages that rely on imported inputs. The paper concludes that while MNCs have supported some aspects of development in Kenya through economic indicators like GDP growth, they have also contributed to issues like poverty and lack of local participation in wealth creation.
Experts profiling on a healthier built environment: Lowering the threat of cl...AgboolaPaul3
There are indications that climate change and its
consequences are already creating threats to the built environment in Nigeria. These
environmental threats have negative implications for healthy, well-being, and urban
sustainability. This empirical study aim to identify how climate change has influenced the
built environment in Nigeria’s South-Western region, considering the following objectives:
to explore the reasons for climate change in South-western, Nigeria, to determine the
consequences of environmental issues on inhabitant health in South-western, Nigeria; and
to critically determine the key measures of climate change mitigation and adaptation to
enhance the environmental sustainability of the Southwestern region of Nigeria.
The effects of information communication technology and Economic.pptxmohammed19
The document discusses a study examining how digital economy and economic complexity impact environmental sustainability in Gulf states. It measures digital economy using ICT exports and imports, economic complexity using an index, and environmental sustainability using ecological footprint. The study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of digital economy and economic complexity on ecological footprint. It outlines the variable measurements and data sources used, including World Development Indicators and the Global Footprint Network database.
The document summarizes the findings of a real-time Delphi survey and scenario workshop regarding future low-carbon societies in Asia-Pacific beyond 2050. The survey and workshop engaged international experts who identified key trends and events, and their level of agreement on the feasibility and desirability of various statements. While experts were optimistic about technologies to improve healthcare and energy efficiency, they had doubts about carbon capture and widespread algae fuel. They also foresaw conflicts from climate migration and water scarcity.
Connectivity has had a major positive impact on sustainable development. It has enabled economic opportunities through distance work and new businesses. Improved connectivity can increase GDP, productivity, and lift people out of poverty. Socially, connectivity improves access to education, healthcare, and contact with others anywhere. It has helped save lives. Environmentally, connectivity enables more efficient use of resources and material dematerialization, reducing the need for physical products. It has great potential to help prevent climate change by reducing emissions more than it generates. However, challenges remain such as the digital divide, privacy risks, and increased energy use. Overall, the benefits of connectivity far outweigh the negatives, with potential for win-win outcomes across economic, social and environmental
This paper discusses how science, technology, and innovation (STI) can be used to improve quality of life and sustainable development in developing countries. It argues that access to appropriate technologies promotes improvements in living conditions. The ability of local firms to access technological know-how is important for economic growth. Examples discussed include using computers to enhance production, transportation, energy, commerce, education and health. The paper concludes that developing countries cannot suppress change and must find ways for technology to be applied to address pressing needs.
This document provides an introduction to the concept of Green IT. It discusses how information technology and environmental issues are intersecting in various ways. Green IT explores how IT can be used to address environmental sustainability concerns. While IT has its own environmental impact, its potential positive benefits are estimated to be five times greater. Green IT involves using IT across many sectors of society to help make them more environmentally friendly, as well as making the IT industry itself more sustainable. The goal is to help humans and ecosystems achieve a state of sustainability through the use of information technology.
ICT & SDGs – How Information and Communications Technology Can Achieve The Su...Ericsson
The research highlights how Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and in particular mobile technology, can help accelerate the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
The world today has been witnessing phenomenal outgrowth in all fields during the past few decades. This augmentation has been largely stimulated by information and communication technologies (ICT). However, the inexorable evolution of technology and global economic development are being pursued at an ever-increasing societal cost with a snowballing potentially negative impact on the environment. Hence, one of the important challenges modern society faces is sustainability. This article attempts to explore the existing body of knowledge to provide a better understanding of the impact of ICT and digital revolutions on global carbon footprint and emissions. It also attempts to explore the presence of environmental sustainability initiatives in e-government programs worldwide. It presents some thoughts about how governments may address sustainability requirements in their e-government programs and enact responsible ICT-enabled transformation.
Big Data for New Industrialization and Urbanization Development: A Case Study...IJERA Editor
Industrialization and urbanization are considered as interdependent processes of recent economic development.
Innovations in technology and higher affordability of electronic devices have facilitated current age of big data.
Use of digital data provided modern urbanization which is an essential element of industrialization and rapid
income growth globally. Most manufacturing and service production is efficient when undertaken in urbanized
areas where organizations can readily follow best practice in technology and management. Over the past three
decades, China has achieved enormous economic growth, accompanied by a growing number of large cities.
The purpose of this paper is to identify prominent issues relating influence of big data on modern
industrialization and urbanization development in China as well as in other regions. The case study of China
was taken to understand the advancement of big data on industrialization and urbanization enhancement. It was
investigated that industrialization and the rise of the service sector appear to have influenced the growth of
urbanization, but their role was relatively small when compared to the direct effects of economic growth. In the
coming years, urbanization will become increasingly an opportunity as well as a challenge to the country‟s
effort to sustain rapid growth and maintain effective development
The impact of environmental accounting and reporting on sustainable developme...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research journal article that evaluated the relationship between environmental accounting and reporting and sustainable development in Nigeria. It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between the two and that environmental accounting can encourage organizations to track emissions and environmental data against reduction targets. Noncompliance with environmental accounting and reporting can have consequences. It was recommended that organizations adopt standards and graphical indicators to illustrate environmental performance over time to users.
This whitepaper focuses on the impact of IoT on the Society, how it is reshaping the world around us. The challenges of navigating the transition are great as well. The individual,
organizational, governmental and societal adjustments are non-trivial, and the impact of these
adjustments will be felt by everyone. The speed of various aspects of the transition are hard to
predict, but it is not difficult to see that our world will function quite differently 10-15 years from
now. Being prepared to navigate the transition begins with awareness of the shifts to come and some understanding of their implications, and this paper is a start at raising the awareness.
ICT: A Cornerstone for Effective Weather ForecastingEditor IJCATR
Weather conditions continue to change at uncontrolable rate. The continous change bring about unberable hazard which needs high precision tools for its control. The global community have understood that the potential magnitude, harshness and impact of the symptoms of weather changes such as: global warming, loss of crops through over extensive periods of drought, unpredictable rainfall patterns, melting glaciers, displaced populations in search of refuge after floods, or entire villages devastated by the cruel force of cyclones and hurricanes on upcoming generations will be very intense. It is therefore assumed that information and communication technology is a key technology tools which can be used to ease, adapt to and monitor Weather condition. This paper therefore examines the linkage between Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) and Weather Forecasting; it also looked into the signs and effects of Weather condition and the ICT solutions. It was deduced that ICTs not only help in advanced weather forecasting and climate monitoring, but are very essential in information circulation to a large audience through mobile devices. Finally, this paper, recommends solutions on how proposed information and communication technology strategies can be adopted to alleviate, adapt to and monitor weather condition.
This document is a seminar report on the impact of globalization. It includes an abstract, introduction on defining globalization and the process of globalization. It then discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on developing countries and India specifically. It covers topics like the impact on the Indian economy, society, education, agriculture, and business culture. The document provides an overview of the key effects of increasing global integration and opens markets in India.
GLOBAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF ENV...ijitcs
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development. The paper sought to examine the status of current and emerging environmentally friendly technologies, equipment and applications in supporting programs that play a role in addressing environment degradation in Kenya. It also sought to underscore the role of IT in environmentally sustainable consumption. The paper examines what constitutes environment degradation and explores the negative effects of IT infrastructure on the environment. The consequences of E-waste on environment are discussed followed by green IT as part of the solution to environment degradation as a result of adoption of IT. The papers also discuss the available IT infrastructure that can be used to combat the challenges of environment degradation. The paper ends with possible IT infrastructure measures that can be used to mitigate environment degradation.
This document summarizes a study on the risks of rapid urbanization in Davao City, Philippines. The study finds that rapid urbanization can lead to issues like overpopulation, poor infrastructure, and environmental and health problems. Specifically, it identifies risks such as traffic issues from population growth, inadequate electricity, water, and transportation systems to support infrastructure growth, increased health problems for urban poor from factors like pollution, and greater greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. The researchers recommend adopting strategic infrastructure development policies to help manage uncontrolled urban expansion.
finished THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH C...Eric Mwangi
1) The document discusses the role of environmental engineering in promoting economic development in Kenya. It provides the case studies of Konza Techno City, the Standard Gauge Railway, and developing an underground water aquifer in Turkana County.
2) Konza Techno City is envisioned as a technology hub in Kenya. Its construction and infrastructure will directly impact the environment through resource use and waste generation. Proper management will be needed to mitigate these impacts.
3) The Standard Gauge Railway project aims to spur economic growth through improved transportation. However, its construction may damage the environment if precautions are not taken.
4) Developing an underground water source in Turkana County could boost the
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to over 1,600 residents across low, medium, and high residential areas. Six indices were developed to measure perceptions on various environmental effects. Results showed residents strongly agreed that waste from the enterprises makes areas dirty and litters streets. Noise, odors from waste, and shops blocking drainage were also issues. Correlation analysis found the physical, behavioral, environmental, land use, and economic characteristics of the enterprises all impacted the environment. The paper recommends policies and legislation for better waste management to promote more sustainable cities.
Residents’ perception on environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises ...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes residents' perceptions of the environmental impacts of urban informal enterprises in Ibadan, Nigeria. A survey of over 1,600 residents found that the highest levels of agreement were with the statements that informal enterprise waste makes the environment dirty (average rating of 4.14) and litters the streets (4.12). Residents also perceived that the enterprises generate high noise levels (3.85) and deface the environment (3.90). The results indicate various environmental issues related to waste management and aesthetics. The document recommends policies and legislation to promote proper waste management from the informal sector and sustainability in Nigerian cities.
The document discusses the rapid global diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), focusing on mobile phones in Africa. It notes the economic and social implications of widespread ICT adoption, arguing that governments must carefully consider the costs and benefits of spending on technologies and regulate their use. While ICTs improve connectivity, they can also be distracting or addictive if overused. The document concludes that policies are needed to ensure technologies primarily benefit people, not the other way around, and that precious resources are not wasted on devices or software that harm consumers.
Globalization, development and multi national corporations (mn cs)Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper examining the impact of globalization and multinational corporations (MNCs) on the Kenyan economy. It discusses how MNCs have contributed to economic growth in Kenya through foreign direct investment, technology transfer, and trade. However, it also notes that MNCs have had some negative social impacts by shifting production away from local goods, using capital-intensive technologies that limit employment, and developing supply chain linkages that rely on imported inputs. The paper concludes that while MNCs have supported some aspects of development in Kenya through economic indicators like GDP growth, they have also contributed to issues like poverty and lack of local participation in wealth creation.
Experts profiling on a healthier built environment: Lowering the threat of cl...AgboolaPaul3
There are indications that climate change and its
consequences are already creating threats to the built environment in Nigeria. These
environmental threats have negative implications for healthy, well-being, and urban
sustainability. This empirical study aim to identify how climate change has influenced the
built environment in Nigeria’s South-Western region, considering the following objectives:
to explore the reasons for climate change in South-western, Nigeria, to determine the
consequences of environmental issues on inhabitant health in South-western, Nigeria; and
to critically determine the key measures of climate change mitigation and adaptation to
enhance the environmental sustainability of the Southwestern region of Nigeria.
The effects of information communication technology and Economic.pptxmohammed19
The document discusses a study examining how digital economy and economic complexity impact environmental sustainability in Gulf states. It measures digital economy using ICT exports and imports, economic complexity using an index, and environmental sustainability using ecological footprint. The study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of digital economy and economic complexity on ecological footprint. It outlines the variable measurements and data sources used, including World Development Indicators and the Global Footprint Network database.
The document summarizes the findings of a real-time Delphi survey and scenario workshop regarding future low-carbon societies in Asia-Pacific beyond 2050. The survey and workshop engaged international experts who identified key trends and events, and their level of agreement on the feasibility and desirability of various statements. While experts were optimistic about technologies to improve healthcare and energy efficiency, they had doubts about carbon capture and widespread algae fuel. They also foresaw conflicts from climate migration and water scarcity.
Connectivity has had a major positive impact on sustainable development. It has enabled economic opportunities through distance work and new businesses. Improved connectivity can increase GDP, productivity, and lift people out of poverty. Socially, connectivity improves access to education, healthcare, and contact with others anywhere. It has helped save lives. Environmentally, connectivity enables more efficient use of resources and material dematerialization, reducing the need for physical products. It has great potential to help prevent climate change by reducing emissions more than it generates. However, challenges remain such as the digital divide, privacy risks, and increased energy use. Overall, the benefits of connectivity far outweigh the negatives, with potential for win-win outcomes across economic, social and environmental
This paper discusses how science, technology, and innovation (STI) can be used to improve quality of life and sustainable development in developing countries. It argues that access to appropriate technologies promotes improvements in living conditions. The ability of local firms to access technological know-how is important for economic growth. Examples discussed include using computers to enhance production, transportation, energy, commerce, education and health. The paper concludes that developing countries cannot suppress change and must find ways for technology to be applied to address pressing needs.
This document provides an introduction to the concept of Green IT. It discusses how information technology and environmental issues are intersecting in various ways. Green IT explores how IT can be used to address environmental sustainability concerns. While IT has its own environmental impact, its potential positive benefits are estimated to be five times greater. Green IT involves using IT across many sectors of society to help make them more environmentally friendly, as well as making the IT industry itself more sustainable. The goal is to help humans and ecosystems achieve a state of sustainability through the use of information technology.
ICT & SDGs – How Information and Communications Technology Can Achieve The Su...Ericsson
The research highlights how Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and in particular mobile technology, can help accelerate the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
The world today has been witnessing phenomenal outgrowth in all fields during the past few decades. This augmentation has been largely stimulated by information and communication technologies (ICT). However, the inexorable evolution of technology and global economic development are being pursued at an ever-increasing societal cost with a snowballing potentially negative impact on the environment. Hence, one of the important challenges modern society faces is sustainability. This article attempts to explore the existing body of knowledge to provide a better understanding of the impact of ICT and digital revolutions on global carbon footprint and emissions. It also attempts to explore the presence of environmental sustainability initiatives in e-government programs worldwide. It presents some thoughts about how governments may address sustainability requirements in their e-government programs and enact responsible ICT-enabled transformation.
Big Data for New Industrialization and Urbanization Development: A Case Study...IJERA Editor
Industrialization and urbanization are considered as interdependent processes of recent economic development.
Innovations in technology and higher affordability of electronic devices have facilitated current age of big data.
Use of digital data provided modern urbanization which is an essential element of industrialization and rapid
income growth globally. Most manufacturing and service production is efficient when undertaken in urbanized
areas where organizations can readily follow best practice in technology and management. Over the past three
decades, China has achieved enormous economic growth, accompanied by a growing number of large cities.
The purpose of this paper is to identify prominent issues relating influence of big data on modern
industrialization and urbanization development in China as well as in other regions. The case study of China
was taken to understand the advancement of big data on industrialization and urbanization enhancement. It was
investigated that industrialization and the rise of the service sector appear to have influenced the growth of
urbanization, but their role was relatively small when compared to the direct effects of economic growth. In the
coming years, urbanization will become increasingly an opportunity as well as a challenge to the country‟s
effort to sustain rapid growth and maintain effective development
The impact of environmental accounting and reporting on sustainable developme...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research journal article that evaluated the relationship between environmental accounting and reporting and sustainable development in Nigeria. It was discovered that there is a significant relationship between the two and that environmental accounting can encourage organizations to track emissions and environmental data against reduction targets. Noncompliance with environmental accounting and reporting can have consequences. It was recommended that organizations adopt standards and graphical indicators to illustrate environmental performance over time to users.
This whitepaper focuses on the impact of IoT on the Society, how it is reshaping the world around us. The challenges of navigating the transition are great as well. The individual,
organizational, governmental and societal adjustments are non-trivial, and the impact of these
adjustments will be felt by everyone. The speed of various aspects of the transition are hard to
predict, but it is not difficult to see that our world will function quite differently 10-15 years from
now. Being prepared to navigate the transition begins with awareness of the shifts to come and some understanding of their implications, and this paper is a start at raising the awareness.
ICT: A Cornerstone for Effective Weather ForecastingEditor IJCATR
Weather conditions continue to change at uncontrolable rate. The continous change bring about unberable hazard which needs high precision tools for its control. The global community have understood that the potential magnitude, harshness and impact of the symptoms of weather changes such as: global warming, loss of crops through over extensive periods of drought, unpredictable rainfall patterns, melting glaciers, displaced populations in search of refuge after floods, or entire villages devastated by the cruel force of cyclones and hurricanes on upcoming generations will be very intense. It is therefore assumed that information and communication technology is a key technology tools which can be used to ease, adapt to and monitor Weather condition. This paper therefore examines the linkage between Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) and Weather Forecasting; it also looked into the signs and effects of Weather condition and the ICT solutions. It was deduced that ICTs not only help in advanced weather forecasting and climate monitoring, but are very essential in information circulation to a large audience through mobile devices. Finally, this paper, recommends solutions on how proposed information and communication technology strategies can be adopted to alleviate, adapt to and monitor weather condition.
This document is a seminar report on the impact of globalization. It includes an abstract, introduction on defining globalization and the process of globalization. It then discusses both the positive and negative impacts of globalization on developing countries and India specifically. It covers topics like the impact on the Indian economy, society, education, agriculture, and business culture. The document provides an overview of the key effects of increasing global integration and opens markets in India.
GLOBAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF ENV...ijitcs
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development. The paper sought to examine the status of current and emerging environmentally friendly technologies, equipment and applications in supporting programs that play a role in addressing environment degradation in Kenya. It also sought to underscore the role of IT in environmentally sustainable consumption. The paper examines what constitutes environment degradation and explores the negative effects of IT infrastructure on the environment. The consequences of E-waste on environment are discussed followed by green IT as part of the solution to environment degradation as a result of adoption of IT. The papers also discuss the available IT infrastructure that can be used to combat the challenges of environment degradation. The paper ends with possible IT infrastructure measures that can be used to mitigate environment degradation.
This document summarizes a study on the risks of rapid urbanization in Davao City, Philippines. The study finds that rapid urbanization can lead to issues like overpopulation, poor infrastructure, and environmental and health problems. Specifically, it identifies risks such as traffic issues from population growth, inadequate electricity, water, and transportation systems to support infrastructure growth, increased health problems for urban poor from factors like pollution, and greater greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. The researchers recommend adopting strategic infrastructure development policies to help manage uncontrolled urban expansion.
finished THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH C...Eric Mwangi
1) The document discusses the role of environmental engineering in promoting economic development in Kenya. It provides the case studies of Konza Techno City, the Standard Gauge Railway, and developing an underground water aquifer in Turkana County.
2) Konza Techno City is envisioned as a technology hub in Kenya. Its construction and infrastructure will directly impact the environment through resource use and waste generation. Proper management will be needed to mitigate these impacts.
3) The Standard Gauge Railway project aims to spur economic growth through improved transportation. However, its construction may damage the environment if precautions are not taken.
4) Developing an underground water source in Turkana County could boost the
Similar to 11.0006www.iiste.org call for paper.jesds climate change 61-68 (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
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11.0006www.iiste.org call for paper.jesds climate change 61-68
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.2, No.5, 2011
Climate Change, ICT and Global Labour Mobility
Muritala Taiwo
Department of Economics and Financial Studies, Fountain University Osogbo, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author’s Email: muritaiwo@yahoo.com
Tel: +2348034730332; +2347054979206
Olaoye Ismail
Department of Economics and Financial Studies, Fountain University Osogbo, Nigeria Email:
asveducated@gmail.com
Tel: +2348036370779; +2347057517137
Awolaja Ayodeji
Department of Economics and Financial Studies, Fountain University Osogbo, Nigeria Email:
ayodejiawolaja@yahoo.ca
Tel: +2348064791631; +2348084159770
Adebiyi Sulaiman
Department of Economics and Financial Studies, Fountain University Osogbo, Nigeria Email:
lanre18april@yahoo.com
Tel: +2348033682722
Abstract
This paper critically examines the causal relationship between Climate Change, ICT and Global
Labour Mobility in an exploratory manner. It was discovered that ICT is a major determinant of labour
mobility across borders and it has contributed immensely to the phenomenon of brain drain. It has also
created avenues for repatriations of gains accruable to the brain drain. It was however discovered that
the role of climatic variation is a moderating factor in this free flow of labour skills and that it is also a
major factor of the process of Globalization. The repercussive effects of climatic upheavals are global
in context and content. Using descriptive explanatory methods, the study tries to identify the
inter-relationship between these three concepts as they affect the Diasporas’ labour movement. It was
discovered that the perception of the local labour about climatic security in a foreign destination plays
a major role in determining the level of mobility and that there is a greater appeal for on-shoring and
in-sourcing of productive activities.
Keywords: Climate Change, Climatic security, on-shoring and in-sourcing
1. Introduction
Information and Communication Technology, ICT, have had a tremendous effect on the way we do
things. Mothers can now make orders for groceries and sundry items from the comfort of their
kitchens and at the same time monitor their children’s itinerant in school. Some entrepreneurial
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mothers go as far as starting a small, internet-based business from home. For the worker, ICT has
made it possible for his service to be available and accessible at virtually any time and this has made
him to be able to work flexibly. However where these changes has the most effect is in the expansion
of interaction between and among people and in the amount of information at the disposal of the ICT
savvy person.
The diffusion of mobile telephones for instance, has made a huge difference for the mass of
unemployed youth in every nooks and crannies of Nigeria; providing relatively cheap and easy access
to money making opportunities and creating new products targeted at new and emerging local markets.
However, an area where ICT have had a profound influence is in availability and diffusion of internet
access and affordable computers, which are radically changing the way people access job
opportunities, locally or internationally, offering applicants several direct and almost instant means of
searching and applying for vacancies as they occur.
2. Conceptual Framework
2.1 Climate Change and ICT
As a key contributor to growth and employment, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
increases efficiency and productivity, creating jobs and supporting business models which recognize
the portability of information, workforce mobility and distribution of resources. ICT has been
recognized as a major factor in climatic control through its usage in addressing such critical goals
which enhances “transition to a low carbon economy by increasing energy efficiency, reducing energy
use and managing scarce resources” (ICC, 2010). In relation to Climate change, Smart ICT
applications can enable energy efficiency improvements in areas as diverse as building design and
maintenance, transport and logistics, electricity generation, distribution and consumption, travel
substitution, product dematerialization and enable a myriad of other daily process efficiencies (ICC,
2010). The information and tools of analysis provided by ICT can empower people and organizations
to adapt their behaviour in an environmentally responsible manner. A good example of this was the
information provided on the levels of concentrations of Green House Gasses (GHGs) as reported by
the United Nations Inter- governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) in 2007. The report indicated
that changes in GHG concentrations and sea-levels are occurring faster than expected, and the risks of
major regional climate disruptions are greater than were predicted even a few years ago.
2.2 Climate Change and Global Labour Mobility
Human migration is as old as creation itself. Traditionally, people move from one point to the other for
various economic reasons such as seeking greener grazing grounds; gathering fruits and in search of
games; proximity to source of water supply and for such strategic reasons as military advantage. In
some cases, migration may be seasonal; following the trend of seasonal or climatic variation. This
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ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.2, No.5, 2011
tends to be one of the major reasons why people, and in fact animals, migrate. However, the
changing climatic condition across the world is posing a major challenge to this.
The change in climate affects virtually all aspects of human endeavours. However, the greatest single
impact of climate change might be on human migration—with millions of people being displaced
annually by shoreline erosion, coastal flooding and agricultural disruption (IOM, 2008).
Environmental degradation, and in particular climate change, is poised to become a major driver of
population displacement—a crisis in the making (ICC, 2010). Environmental degradation which is a
major factor in climate change is driven by personal and industrial activities of human being through
the emission of Global green-house gas (GHG), which have grown since pre-industrial times, with an
increase of 70% between 1970 and 2004 and most of the observed increase in global average
temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the increase in anthropogenic GHG
concentrations (IPCC, 2007). The 2001 World Disasters Report of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies referred to the displaced as “environmental refugees”. The number of environmental
refugees is expected to double to 50 million by 2010 (UNUIEHS, 2005) and reach a staggering 200
million by 2050 (Myers, 2005). Many of these displaced would be forced to migrate either
permanently or on temporary basis.
Temporary migration in times of climate stress can help top-up a family’s income, through remittances
from paid work elsewhere and reduce the draw on local resources (IOM, 2007). On the other hand,
immigration, whether permanent or temporary, is curtailed by adverse environmental or climatic
conditions of the target destination. For instance the 2004 tsunami affected the influx of immigrants to
the countries involved negatively. Many developed countries even warned their citizens not to travel to
the affected countries.
2.3 ICT and Labour Mobility
The ICT revolution was an all-purpose revolution that has been described by Blinder (2006) as the
third industrial revolution. It has stimulated growth in generally all facets of economic interactions,
not least of which is the transferability of labour skill and knowledge. It has change the notion of
“market” from a time and space limited entity to a rather more pervasive concept through which
exchanges in virtual and tangible commodities could be made.
ICT has created a platform for ease of exchange of information and ideas between prospective
employers and employees. The internet for instance has provided the applicant with the ability to
search for jobs globally. It is also quite easy for a firm to search for experts and professionals on a
global scale using the internet. ICT has also made it easy for people to move from their native country
to another with little physical efforts. A case in study is the recent launch of the e-passport by the
Nigerian Immigration Services. Embassies of various countries now receive applications for visas
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“on-line” via the internet. This further accelerated both physical and virtual brain drain of
professionals from developing countries of Africa and Asia. However, it has also enabled easier
repatriation of earnings to home countries. It was in recognition of this fact that Brinkerhoff (2007)
wrote in a study of the Diasporas, emigrants living in developed countries that IT has emerged as an
essential enabler of Diaspora knowledge transfer and exchange.
2.4 Climate Change, ICT and Brain drain
The situation of certain macroeconomic and sociopolitical factors engendered the flow of trained
professionals from the developing countries to the developed ones. The state of local infrastructures
for instance, which are non existent in certain cases, may be considered to be the number one factor
leading to the brain drain. Restricted economic opportunities which may be as a result of political
instability, racial and ethnic discrimination, corruption and internecine warfare leading to a further
aggravation of poverty, unemployment and widespread diseases and death constitute some factors why
trained professionals leave their native countries for another. On the other hand, the assurance of
higher incomes, higher standard of living, balanced political outlook, availability of basic necessary
infrastructure such as adequate housing, good road network, efficient transportation system, electricity
and health care became irresistibly attractive (Meyer,2001; Astor et al, 2005).
The lopsided rating of foreign currencies against the local ones does not help matters considering the
fact that a professional’s earnings in a foreign currency in a single year could translate to as much as
one could earn in a life time at home. Astor et al (2005) highlighted greater access to enhanced
technology and a desire for increased income as reasons why the surveyed physicians migrated.
However, some professionals have been found to place more emphasis on personal safety than
financial gains. In this case what amounts to personal safety covers such diverse issues as safety from
mugging as a result of ethnic differences; climate security, whereby a migrant from a temperate clime
feel secured against unfamiliar weather conditions and social cum integration safety requiring that the
migrant is accepted by the host society through a smooth process of integration and acclimatization
(IOM, 2007). Swedish immigration policy, for instance, views environmentally displaced migrants as
people to be protected.
Globalization made it possible for organizations to splinter production processes and locate such
splinters in areas where optimum utility of resources could be achieved. Many goods and skills today
are produced far away from their target consumer markets. A major consideration in this regard is
relative low labour cost. This process of relocating workplaces in search of employees was aptly
termed out-sourcing and off-shoring. According to Rybinski (2006), out-sourcing means relocating
orders, services, production, employment or, in a broader sense, a business process to another
company (irrespective of its location), whereas off-shoring means relocating a business process
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ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.2, No.5, 2011
abroad (irrespective of whether to another company or within the same enterprise). Where climatic
challenges come to play is that, everything being equal, other companies irrespective of their location
should bring their services where it is needed (in-sourcing), while business process should also be
expanded within a country (off-shoring) rather than taking it abroad.
3. Discussion
Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our times, linked as it is with real needs for
energy, development and economic growth. It is a global long-term problem that requires
collaborative solutions, and the engagement of all countries in a cooperative spirit will be crucial to
achieving success (ICC, 2010). Climate change has become an increasingly important driver of labour
mobility. On the one hand, the change in rainfall patterns; rising sea levels and the frequent natural
disasters are likely to compel mass movement of people from their traditional bases leading to food
and water shortages in host communities, while on the other hand these factors are also likely to affect
the influx of immigrants. Either way, the number of people that may be affected by 2050, could be as
high as 200 million people (Myers, 2005). This is a high figure when compared with the current total
global migrant population, displaced or voluntary, of 192 million (IOM, 2007). In addition, local
labour perception about climatic security in foreign countries contributes to the level of labour
mobility and made a greater appeal for on-shoring and in-sourcing of productive activities. However,
there is global awareness of climate change and labour mobility through Information Communication
and Technology (ICT).
4. Conclusion
The major causes of climate change are through human activities, these include: poverty, deforestation,
rapid population growth and urbanization, unsustainable agricultural expansion, indiscriminate bush
burning, over exploitation of forests and consumption of fossil fuels especially in industry and
transport, and use of ozone layer depletion substances.
The application of ICT tools such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and web data sources
have improved prospects for the rapid acquisition of information on climate change and labour
mobility, unfortunately, the acquisition of such data remains a significant challenge. The technologies
are available but the challenge has been cost, reliability, latency and lack of research on the application
and effectives of the alternative options available. As a result therefore, ICT has a global impact on
climate change and labour mobility as new technologies are being pushed to the fore of the ever
expanding ICT spectrum, hence, the need for countries of the world to continually develop their
technology.
Finally, the perception of the local labour about climatic security in a foreign destination plays a major
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ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.2, No.5, 2011
role in determining the level of mobility and that there is a greater appeal for on-shoring and
in-sourcing of productive activities.
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Vol.2, No.5, 2011
Fig. 1: Typical Environmental refugees.
Source: Adapted from: K Nsiah-Gyabaah.
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