The urinary and genital systems develop from two embryonic structures - the intermediate mesoderm and the primitive urogenital sinus. The intermediate mesoderm forms the kidneys and nephrons, while the urogenital sinus gives rise to the bladder, urethra, and genital ducts. The kidneys ascend during development and the nephrons within them continue to develop and mature. The urinary system can be affected by various anomalies involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Similarly, anomalies may occur in the development of the male and female genital systems and urethra. A thorough understanding of normal urinary and genital development is important for identifying and

1. Development
of
UROGENITA
L Dr mohan angadi
SYSTEM

2. HIGHLIGHTS
-functionally divided
•
Urinary system
•
Genital system

3. Introduction

2 embryonic structures that play an imp
role in dev of UG system
1. Intermediate mesoderm &
2. Primitive Urogenital Sinus(UGS)-a part of
cloaca.

4. Intermediate mesoderm
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6. Cloaca

8. Development of KIDNEY

Three sets of kidneys develop in human embryos-evolution
1. Pronephroi – in cyclostomes & fishes

10. 2. Mesonephroi

11. 3. Metanephroi

12. ampulla

13. Development of NEPHRONS

14. Ascent of kidneys:
•
Positional changes
•
Changes in blood supply

15. Anomalies of kidneys
•
Accessory(supernumerary)renal arteries

16. •
Polar renal artery/ aberrant renal artery -
hydronephrosis
Accessory
renal
artery

17. •
Renal agenesis/hypoplasia/ /
hyperplasia
–
Unilateral
• 1:1000 newborn
• Males
• Left kidney
• Suspected in infants with single
umbilical artery
–
Bilateral
• 1:3000 newborn
• Ass with oligohydromnios
• Incompatible with life

18. •
Abnormal rotation/Malrotated kidney :
–
Nonrotation
–
Incomplete rotation
–
Reverse rotation

19. •
Anomalies of position/
Ectopic kidneys :
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- Pelvic kidney
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- Crossed renal ectopia
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20. •
Anomalies of shape
–
Horseshoe kidney
–
Pancake kidney
–
Lobulated kidney

21. •
Cystic kidney diseases
–
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease
–
Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

22. Development of ureter

23. Anomalies of ureter
•
Bifid & duplicate ureter
1

24. Ectopic ureter
-urinary incontinence
•
Female
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25. Development of urinary bladder
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27. Anomalies of urinary bladder
•
Urachal anomalies
•
Congenital megacystis & bladder diverticula

28. •
Exstrophy of bladder/Ectopia vesicae

29. Development of urethra
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30. DEVELOPMENT OF MALE URETHRA
1.Prostatic urethra: VUC (vesicourethral
Above opening of canal)
ejaculatory duct
Below ejaculatory ducts: DUGS (definitive
urogenital sinus.)
2.Membranous urethra: DUGS
3.Penile urethra: DUGS
4.Glandular urethra: Surface ectoderm

31. DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE URETHRA
It is homologous to upper part of prostatic
urethra i. e. above the opening of ejaculatory
ducts.
Anomalies of urethra:
•
Urethral diverticula
•
Duplication
•
Abnormal commu with rectum
•
Hypospadiasis
•
Epispadiasis

32. Development of suprarenal glands:

33. Applied aspects
•
Ectopic adrenal tissue
•
Deep to capsule of kidney
•
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
–
adrenogenital syndrome-in male
–
Pseudohermaphroditism-in female

34. Thanku