OSCE REVISION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2015,NEARLY COVERING COURSE CURRICULUM .Prepared by Dr Manal Behery.Professor of OB&Gyne .Faculty of medicine,Zagazig University
For difficult vaginal delivery,forceps delivery,vacuum application are done to assist the vaginal delivery.Many types of forceps are there divided in 3 categories.
OSCE REVISION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2015,NEARLY COVERING COURSE CURRICULUM .Prepared by Dr Manal Behery.Professor of OB&Gyne .Faculty of medicine,Zagazig University
For difficult vaginal delivery,forceps delivery,vacuum application are done to assist the vaginal delivery.Many types of forceps are there divided in 3 categories.
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
LAPAROSCOPIC VERSUS OPEN APPENDICECTOMY IN ADULTS. (STUDY OF 50 CASES)KETAN VAGHOLKAR
Background: Appendicectomy is one of the common procedures performed by a general surgeon. However,
the advent of laparoscopic appendicectomy has reduced the number of open appendicectomies performed. Therefore
there is a need to study the advantages of the laparoscopic approach over the traditional open approach. Aims: The
study aimed to compare laparoscopic appendicectomy with open appendicectomy based on various intraoperative and
postoperative parameters Materials and methods: 50 patients undergoing interval appendicectomy were randomised
into two groups. Group A comprised 25 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy and group B comprised
25 patients who underwent open appendicectomy. Results: Confirmation of diagnosis and evaluation of intraoperative
findings was easier in group A patients. In addition, early commencement of feeds with early bowel movements, reduced
need for postoperative analgesia due to less pain, lesser complications and shorter duration of hospital stay was observed
in group A patients. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendicectomy has better outcomes rendering it a preferable procedure
for appendicectomy.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. NUVARING
• A. Its contains ethinyl estradiol and the
etonogestrel. T
• B. The ring is placed within 5 days of
menses onset and, after 3 weeks of use, is
removed for 1 week to allow withdrawal
bleeding. T
• C. It contains ethinyl estradiol and the
progestin norelgestromin. F
• D. Transdermal patch and vaginal ring
produce metabolic changes, side effects,
and efficacy rates comparable to those
with COC pills. T
• E. It may be removed during intercourse
but should be
replaced within 3 hours to maintain efficacy. T
3. A. If imaging fails to locate a
translocated implant, etonogestrel
blood level determination can help
verify that the implant is indeed in
situ. T
B. implant is ideally inserted within 5
days of menses onset. T
C. For transitioning methods, an
implant is placed on the day of the first
placebo combination oral
contraceptive (COC) pill. T
D. implant may be inserted before
discharge following delivery or
abortion. T
E. Fertility is restored rapidly
following removal of implant
contraception. T
4. Contraceptive Sponge
• A. Sponge is an over-the-
counter, one-size-fits-all
device.T
• B. can be inserted up to 36
hours prior to intercourse. F
24hours
• C. while in place, it provides
contraception regardless of
coital frequency. T
• D. should remain in place
for 24 hours after
intercourse. F 6hours
• E. Impregnated with
Nonoxynol-9.T
5. Question 22: Regarding the picture on display:
a. This prevents nosocomial
infection. T
b. An accoucher must wear this
all the time to prevent
infection. F ***
c. The hospital attendant is
expected to wear this all the
time. F
d. The scrub-nurse should also
wear this. T
e. It is not necessary for theatre
cleaner to wear this. T
10/29/2018 5Okechukwu A. Ugwu
6. Question 12: Observe the picture:
a. The pathology demonstrated is
commoner among women
within the reproductive age
group. F
b. Weakness of the broad
ligaments leads to this
pathology. F
c. This condition may be
associated with stress
incontinence T
d. The condition is readily
amenable to pessary insertion.
F
e. Colposuspension is one of the
surgical methods of correction.
F
10/29/2018 6Okechukwu A. Ugwu
7. Question 14: Concerning the instrument shown:
a. It is used during
Caesarean section F
b. It is used during vaginal
Hysterectomy F
c. Its used for destructive
operation F
d. The cervix should be
fully dilated before it is
used F
e. Injury to the ureters
may follow the use of
this instrumentF
10/29/2018 7Okechukwu A. Ugwu
8. Question 16: This is a laparoscopic view of the pelvis
in a patient with pelvic inflammatory disease.
a. Fitz-Curtis-Hugh syndrome
is a complication of this
condition. T
b. Bacterial vaginosis is a
known aetiological factor. F
c. Characteristic findings at
laparoscopy are diagnostic.
T
d. Long term sequelae include
preterm delivery. F
e. Pelvic abscess results from
secondary invasion by
anaerobic organisms. T
10/29/2018 8Okechukwu A. Ugwu
9. Question 20: The instrument shown is used in a
particular gynaecological procedure.
a. It is indicated in the evaluation of
uterine malformations. T
b. It is indicated in the evaluation of
uterine perforations.F
c. It is usually performed in the
mid-luteal phase of the
menstrual cycle. F
d. It is contraindicated in the
presence of a pelvic mass. F
e. It must be performed under
general anaesthesia. F
10/29/2018 9Okechukwu A. Ugwu
10. Question 19:Regarding destructive operations:
a. Craniotomy is indicated in
obstructed labour with a life
fetus. F
b. Cleidotomy is the division of
one or both clavicles. T
c. Simpson’s perforator is used
for decapitation. F
d. Willet’s forceps are used
during craniotomy. F
e. Blond-Heidler saw may be
hooked over the iliac crest in
breech presentation to give
an excellent purchase. F
10/29/2018 10Okechukwu A. Ugwu
11. Question 21: Concerning the condition being
treated with this intervention
a. Genital tract laceration is the
commonest cause of the
condition. F
b. The condition is the
commonest cause of maternal
mortality. T
c. This intervention impedes
access to the genital tract. F
d. Access to anaesthesia may
influence outcome of
management of this condition.
T
e. This intervention can be
employed at any level of care. T
10/29/2018 11Okechukwu A. Ugwu
12. Question 23: This partograph depicts:
a. A normal labour F
b. A prolonged active
phase of labour T***
c. An obstructed labour
F***
a. Adequate uterine
contractions F
b. Fetal distress T
10/29/2018 12Okechukwu A. Ugwu
13. Question 25: Concerning the instrument on
display:
a. It must be used with the
patient under
anaesthesia. T
b. It may be indicated in the
management of
hydatidiform mode. T
c. Autoclaving is the
preferred method of
sterilization. F
d. It is used only by
physicians. F
e. Its primary mechanism is
by mechanical curettage.
F
10/29/2018 13Okechukwu A. Ugwu
14. Question 27: The instruments depicted:
a. Are used during laparoscopic
procedures F
b. Are used for insertion of
Implanon capsules. T
c. Are used for intravenous
infusion. F
d. Are used for fine needle
aspiration and cytology. F
e. Are used for insertion of
Norplant/Jadelle capsules T
10/29/2018 14Okechukwu A. Ugwu
15. Question 26: During this procedure:
a. The cervix should be exposed
with a Sim’s speculum. F
b. An Ayre’s spatula is used to
obtain a sample. T
c. The tip of the spatula should be
rotated through 900 once. F
d. The material obtained should be
stained with haematoxylin and
eosin. T
e. The patient should lie in the left
lateral position.F
10/29/2018 15Okechukwu A. Ugwu
16. QUESTION 4: REGARDING
THIS INSTRUMENT:
a. It is called a Uterine
Sound T
b. It is more appropriately
called a Hegar’s Dilator
used for dilatation and
curettage (D&C) F
c. It is used to measure the
depth of the uterine
cavity during D&C T
d. It is also used for
evacuation of retained
products of conception
(ERPC) F
e. Careless use of this
instrument can cause
uterine perforation T
17. Question 28: This picture depicts:
a. An ultrasound scan
of the pelvis. F
b. A hystero-
salpingogram. T
c. Normal vagina and
uterus. T
d. Bilateral patent
Fallopian tubes. F
e. Presence of pelvic
adhesions.
10/29/2018 17Okechukwu A. Ugwu
18. Question 29: This is the gross appearance of a
cervical squamous cell carcinoma that is still
limited to the cervix
a. This is likely to be stage
2A. F
b. The predisposing factors
include bacterial
vaginosis infection. F
c. Treatment for the stage
of the lesion
demonstrated does not
require additional
radiotherapy. T
d. The lesion demonstrated
is amenable to cone
biopsy. F
e. This is the commonest
histological type. T
10/29/2018 18Okechukwu A. Ugwu
19. Question 30: The picture depicted here:
a. Represents a major degree of
placenta praevia. F
b. A patient with this condition
should be allowed a short trial
of labour. F
c. Cord prolapse is usually a major
complication of this condition. F
d. It is always complicated by post-
partum haemorrhage. F
e. The patient with this condition
should be delivered by elective
Caesarean section. T
10/29/2018 19Okechukwu A. Ugwu
20. QUESTION 1: REGARDING
THE INSTRUMENT
DISPLAYED:
a. The instrument is used
for retracting the
vagina during VVF
repair T
b. The instrument is utilised
for retracting the
bladder during VVF
repair F
c. The instrument helps
prevent VVF F
d. The instrument is used
for retracing the
Rectus sheath. F
e. It is a self retaining
retractor. T**
10/29/2018 20Okechukwu A. Ugwu
21. Question 8: Concerning the use of the instrument on display.
a. Conditions to be
fulfilled include a
suitable
presentation like
mento-posterior F
b. Conditions to be
fulfilled include the
membranes being
intact. F
c. Indications include
cephalo-pelvic
disproportion. F
d. This instrument
can be used for
rotation. F
e. It can be applied to
brow presentation.
22. Question 12 – Look at the instrument on display
a. The instrument is
used in retracting
the vagina during
VVF repair F
b. The instrument is
utilised in
retracting the
bladder during
VVF repair F
c. The instrument helps
prevent VVF F
d. The instrument is
used in retracing
the Rectus sheath. F
e. It is a self retaining
retractor. F
10/29/2018 22Okechukwu A. Ugwu
23. QUESTION 20: REGARDING THE INSTRUMENT ON
DISPLAY
a. It is called a Green
Armitage. T
b. It is more
appropriately called
a haemostatic
Doyen’s forceps. F
c. It is used as
haemostatic forceps
during Caesarean
Section. T
d. Its use can cause
uterine rupture. F
e. Its use can cause a
Vesico-Vaginal
Fistula. F10/29/2018 23Okechukwu A. Ugwu
24. Question 38: The following
are to be noted with this
picture
A This patient is likely to be
immuno – compromised T
B Excision is an option of
treatment T
C Vulval cancer can result
from this condition T
D This condition cannot occur
in patient with HIV F
E This may be caused by a
virus F
10/29/2018 24Okechukwu A. Ugwu
25. :
Question 39:
Carefully look at
this picture:
A Biopsy is necessary for
a 60-year old with
this condition T
B Ward-catheter can be
used for treatmentT
C Antibiotics is the main
treatment hereF
D This is due a sexually
trans
mitted diseaseT
E This can be a
complication
of episiotomy T
10/29/2018 25Okechukwu A. Ugwu
26. Question 40: The
following are to be
noted with this
picture:
A This patient has
bilateral ovarian
cystsT
B The uterus looks
normal T
C This condition may be
benign T
D This patient cannot be
pregnant againF
E One of the
complications of this
condition is bleeding T
10/29/2018 26Okechukwu A. Ugwu
27. A. Both pictures are for same
procedure T
B. There is an advantage of A
over B in terms of outcome F
C. A is more invasive than BF
D. They are used for Pap
smear T
E. The result is interpreted as
CIN1 to CIN111 F
10/29/2018 27Okechukwu A. Ugwu
28. Question 42: Observe this
picture
A This can be caused by a
virus T
B This can be a
complication of
episiotomy T
C This patient will require
plastic surgery T
D She will require
immediate surgery F
E Gynetresia is a possible
complication T
10/29/2018 28Okechukwu A. Ugwu
29. Question 43: Picture shows a vulva with extensive ulcer
a. This woman most
probably has vulval
malignancy. T
b. She is likely aged 35-40
years, the peak age
incidence for vulval
malignancy. F
c. This lesion could be a
syphylitic chancre F
d. This lesion is easily
amenable to cure by
simple vulvectomy F
e. Radiotherapy is the most
suitable modality of
treatment for this
woman’s condition F
10/29/2018 29Okechukwu A. Ugwu
30. Question 2: Look at the picture:
a. The patient with the
pathology shown would
have presented with
menorrhagia. T
b. Infertility would have been
one of her presentation. T
c. Post-operatively,
subsequent pregnancies
should be delivered by
Caesarean section because
the endometrium was
breached. T
d. Laparoscopic surgery is a
management option in this
patient. T
e. If menorrhagia was a
presenting complaint, there
is a certainty that if would
resolve after this surgery. F
31. Question 2: Look at the picture:
a. The patient with the
pathology shown would
have presented with
menorrhagia. T
b. Infertility would have been
one of her presentation. T
c. Post-operatively, subsequent
pregnancies should be
delivered by Caesarean
section because the
endometrium was
breached. F
d. Laparoscopic surgery is a
management option in this
patient. T
e. If menorrhagia was a
presenting complaint,
there is a certainty that if
would resolve after T this
surgery.
10/29/2018 31Okechukwu A. Ugwu
32. Question 1: The instrument on display is a sonicaid,
commonly used in obstetric practice;
a. Will detect fetal heart
decelerations.F
b. Is used every 15 minutes
in 2nd stage of labour.F
c. It is more effective in
polyhydramnios.F
d. It is indicated in patients
with twin gestation
only.F
e. Is more useful in breech
presentations than
cephalic presentations.F
10/29/2018 32Okechukwu A. Ugwu
33. Question 2: Look at the picture:
a. The patient with the pathology
shown would have presented with
menorrhagia because of the
number of nodules removed.
b. Infertility would have been one of
her presentations because of the
fatty degeneration observed.
c. Post-operatively, subsequent
pregnancies should be delivered by
Caesarean section because the
endometrium was breached.
d. Laparoscopic surgery is a
management option in this patient.
e. If menorrhagia was a presenting
complaint, there is a certainty that
if would resolve after this surgery.
10/29/2018 33Okechukwu A. Ugwu
34. Question 3: This partograph depicts:
a. A normal labour
b. A prolonged active
phase of labour
c. An obstructed labour
d. Adequate uterine
contractions
e. Fetal distress
10/29/2018 34Okechukwu A. Ugwu
35. Question 4. The picture shown below belongs to a 25
year old with 2 years History of inability to get
pregnant
a) Previous termination of
pregnancy is a likely cause
T
b) This procedure was
performed during
mensesF
c) It is performed under
conscious sedationF
d) Air embolism is a likely
complicationT
e) Hysteroscopy should be
done to further evaluate
the findings shownF
10/29/2018 35Okechukwu A. Ugwu
36. Question 5: This is the gross appearance of a
cervical squamous cell carcinoma that is still
limited to the cervix
a. This is likely to be stage 2A.
b. Bacterial vaginosis is not a
predisposing factor
c. Treatment for the stage of the
lesion demonstrated does not
require additional
radiotherapy.
d. The lesion demonstrated is
not amenable to Loop
Electrosurgical Operation .
e. This is the commonest
histological type.
10/29/2018 36Okechukwu A. Ugwu
37. Question 6: The object shown below:
a) It is utilized in cervical
ripening when there is
intrauterine fetal deathT
b) Oral administration is used
for induction of labourT
c) Rectal administration is
used for post partum
haemorrhageT
d) Its use may cause DICF
e) It should not be used in
patients on anti-shock
garmentF
10/29/2018 37Okechukwu A. Ugwu
38. Question 7:Concerning the picture
below
a) The patient is well positioned
for the examinationT
b) The examiner is on the proper
side of the patientT
c) The patient is sufficiently
exposed for the examinationT
d) The position of the fetus is
being determinedF
e) The lie of the fetus is being
determinedT
10/29/2018 38Okechukwu A. Ugwu
39. Question 8: This is a result obtained from a patient
at 32 weeks gestation.
a. This patient is likely to have
had a previous still birth
from cord prolapse .F
b. This result demonstrate
glucose intolerance in this
patient.F
c. Dietary control is sufficient
for this patient.F
d. Metformin may be used in
the post-partum period in
this patient.T
e. This patient will require
only insulin therapy. F
10/29/2018 39Okechukwu A. Ugwu
40. Question 9:Concerning the picture below
a. Being HIV positive is a
contraindicationF
b. Conditions to be fulfilled
include the membranes being
intactF
c. Indications include cephalo-
pelvic disproportionF
d. This instrument can not be
used for rotationF
e. It can be applied to brow
presentation.F
10/29/2018 40Okechukwu A. Ugwu
41. Question 10: Concerning the use of the
instrument on display.
a. Conditions to be fulfilled
include a suitable
presentation like mento-
posterior
b. Conditions to be fulfilled
include the membranes
being intact.
c. Indications include
cephalo-pelvic
disproportion.
d. This instrument can be
used for rotation.
e. It can be applied to brow
presentation.
42. Question 4
1. This chart is an ECG
traceF
2. This is a Partogram
chartF
3. This is a cardiotocogram
traceT
4. This trace shows a
uterine contraction that
may be a Braxton Hicks
contraction
5. There is evidence of Fetal
distress on the trace
10/29/2018 42Okechukwu A. Ugwu
43. Question 5: Concerning the picture
below
a) The baby is probably
breech at deliveryF
b) The baby was likely
delivered by caesarean
sectionT
c) The baby may have
presented with the faceT
d) The baby probably had
forceps deliveryT
e) The baby is a product of
destructive operationF
10/29/2018 43Okechukwu A. Ugwu
44. Question 9: The result shown is for a 25 year
old primigravida at 36 weeks gestational age.
a) She should be admitted for
urgent induction of labourT
b) Use of misopristol is
contraindicatedF
c) She should have an elective
Caesarean sectionT
d) Fetal scalp pH is particularly
useful in her intrapartum
monitoringF
e) The baby requires anti-
retroviral therapyT
CD4 count
=13/mm3
Viral Load =
6,585copies/ml
10/29/2018 44Okechukwu A. Ugwu
45. Question 10: The patient below is a 45 yr old lady
with 6/12 history of progressive Abdominal
distension
a) ECG is essential in her
evaluationT
b) Chest X ray is not required
if there are no respiratory
symptomsF
c) Optimum treatment
requires both surgery and
chemotherapyT
d) Ascites is rarely associated
at this ageF
e) Prognosis is not related to
the size of the massT
10/29/2018 45Okechukwu A. Ugwu
46. DERMOID CYST
• Most common benign
tumour of the ovary T
• Most common
neoplasm diagnosed
during pregnancy T
• Most common germ cell
tumour T
• Commonest tumour to
undergo torsion T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 46
47. Ovarian Tumours
• Call Exner Bodies-
Granulosa cell tumour T
• Walthard Cell nest-
Brenner Tumour T
• Signet Ring-Krukuberg
tumour T
• Hobnail Cell- Clear cell
tumour T
• Schiller Duval Bodies-
Endodermal sinus tumour
T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 47
48. CONCERNING OVARIAN TUMOURS
• Skin, Teeth and
cartillage- Teratoma T
• Psammoma bodies-
Serous epithelial
Tumours T
• Pseudomyxoma
peritonei- Mucinous
tumours T
• Rienke’s Crystal- Hilus
cell tumour T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 48
49. • BILATERAL in 10-15% of
cases T
• Malignant change occurs
in 0.5-2% of cases T
• Most common malignant
transformation is
squamous cell tumour
• Lining epithelium is
columnar epithelium F
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 49
50. About the procedure shown
a) It is an endoscopic
procedure T
b) It facilitates directed
biopsy T
c) Areas of CIN appear white
when the cervix is painted
with Lugol’s iodine during
this procedure F
d) It can be used to assess
vascular patterns on the
cervix T
e) The instrument used is a
monocular microscope F
10/29/2018 50Okechukwu A. Ugwu
51. Concerning this picture
a) It is used for emergency
contraception F
b) The duration of use is 10
years F
c) It can cause
amenorrhoea T
d) It can be used as part of
a hormone replacement
therapy regimen T
e) It contains oestrogen
and progestin F
10/29/2018 51Okechukwu A. Ugwu
52. This instrument
a) It is useful in the
management of ante-
partum haemorrhage F
b) A systolic blood pressure
of 90mmHg is an
indication for its use T
c) When weaning a patient
off it, it is removed in the
reverse order i.e from no 5
to no 1 F
d) A pulse rate of 60/min is
an indication for its use F
e) It can be employed at
every level of care T
10/29/2018 52Okechukwu A. Ugwu
53. Regarding this lesion
a) It is caused by herpes
simplex virus F
b) Similar lesions may be
found on the vagina,
cervix and uterus F
c) They are generally
painless T
d) Spontaneous healing
occurs within 3 weeks F
e) Pregnancy can make the
lesions large T
10/29/2018 53Okechukwu A. Ugwu
54. Mechanism of Ureteric injury
• Crushing T
• Laceration T
• Ligation with sutures T
• Ischaemia/devasculrisat
ion T
• Segmental resection T
• Transection T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 54
55. Concerning this instrument and its use
a. It is used in a minimally
invasive procedure T
b. Intestinal obstruction is a
contraindication for its use F
c. The procedure can be
performed under general
anaesthesia T
d. It is useful in the diagnosis of
uterine perforation F
e. It is contraindicated in the
treatment of endometriosis F
10/29/2018 55Okechukwu A. Ugwu
56. About this instrument and its use
a. This instrument is called
the Mayo’s scissors. F
b. The procedure must be
carried out on all
primigravid women. F
c. Its use can lead to a 3rd
degree perineal tear T
d. Dysmenorrhea is a late
complication of its use F
e. The midline incision is
easier to repair than the
medio-lateral type T
10/29/2018 56Okechukwu A. Ugwu
57. About what is shown
a) It is useful in the
management of cervical
stenosis F
b) It is an absorbable tape F
c) It is usually removed at
gestational age of 36
weeks F
d) It should be removed
when there are preterm
contractions F
e) When its use is indicated,
it is inserted after the
second missed period F
10/29/2018 57Okechukwu A. Ugwu
58. The procedure shown
a) The patient should lie in
the left lateral position F
b) The tip of the spatula is
introduced into the cervical
canal and the instrument
rotated through 180
degrees F
c) A cytobrush can be used
in place of Ayre’s spatula T
d) Samples taken are
immediately fixed with
70% alcohol F
e) The cervix is painted with
Lugol’s iodine prior to
sample collection F
10/29/2018 58Okechukwu A. Ugwu
59. Features of delayed ureteric injury
Prolonged ileus T
Watery vaginal discharge T
Prolonged high output
from drains T
Fever/sepsis. T
Persistent flank/
abdominal pain T
Flank mass T
Elevated creatinine or
BUN T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 59
60. About the condition depicted below
a) It is common in
postmenopausal women F
b) Cystic degeneration
usually precedes hyaline
degeneration F
c) The intraligamentary form
can cause polycythaemia T
d) GnRH antagonists are
useful in its management T
e) Iron deficiency anaemia
secondary to chronic
blood loss is an indication
for surgical management.
**T
10/29/2018 60Okechukwu A. Ugwu
61. Concerning this
a) It is a permanent
measure of
management F
b) Pregnancy is a
contraindication F
c) It should be changed
every 6 months F
d) It can be complicated by
vaginal infection T
e) If it fails, surgery is
indicated T
10/29/2018 61Okechukwu A. Ugwu
62. About this instrument
a) It is a high cavity forceps F
b) It is a non-rotational
forceps and so can be used
in the correction of
asynclitism F
c) It has a sliding lock T
d) The cervix should be at
least 8cm dilated for its
use F
e) It causes more maternal
injury compared to the
vacuum extractor T
10/29/2018 62Okechukwu A. Ugwu
63. Prevention of ureteric injury
1. Generous surgical
exposure T
2. Meticulous surgical
technique T
3. IdentifIcation of Risk
factors T
4. Ureteric stenting T
5. Pre operative IVU not
necessary F
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 63
64. . About this instrument
a) It can be used for
hindwater rupture of
membrane F
b) Its use is associated with
cord prolapse T
c) Its use is associated with
foetal injury T
d) It can cause uterine
hyperstimulation F
e) Its use is contraindicated
in retroviral positive
patients F
10/29/2018 64Okechukwu A. Ugwu
65. Concerning this picture
a. This is a complication of
external cephalic version
T
b. Coagulation failure is a
complication T
c. Foetal parts will be easily
outlined on palpation.F
d. The uterus will have a
hard wooden consistency
on palpation T
e. Caeserian section should
be performed if the fetus
is dead on presentation.
F
10/29/2018 65Okechukwu A. Ugwu
66. Multiple gestation
a. Cleavage of zygote on day 9
after fertilization produces
the picture shown F
b. The intertwin membrane is
made up of 2 layers of
amnion with no chorionic
layer F
c. Inheritance as autosomal
recessive trait is recognised F
d. There is a risk of twin to twin
transfusion F
e. Caeserian delivery is
indicated if the presentation
of the first twin is vertex and
the second twin non-vertex F
10/29/2018 66Okechukwu A. Ugwu
67. Concerning uterine incisions during
Caesarean delivery
a. A is associated with less likelihood
of adhesion formation to bowel or
omentum T
b. A is more commonly used than B
T
c. B allows for easy entry into the
uterus when there is fibroid in the
lower segment T
d. B is associated with less likelihood
of subsequent uterine rupture
during pregnancy F
e. A is indicated in the presence of
carcinoma of the cervix F
A
B
10/29/2018 67Okechukwu A. Ugwu
68. Concerning the picture shown
a. Birth weight of 1400gram is
an indication for Caeserian
delivery. T
b. Engagement of the
presenting part in the pelvis
is not a contraindication for
external cephalic version. F
c. High parity is a predisposing
factor T
d. Lovset manouvre is used to
deliver the head F
e. Kielland’s forceps can be
used in the delivery of the
aftercoming head F
10/29/2018 68Okechukwu A. Ugwu
69. Concerning the picture shown and
intrapartum monitoring
a. The duration between two
vertical lines on a partograph
is half hour. T
b. In the primigravida, the cervix
dilates at a rate of at least 1
cm/hr in the active phase T
c. The alert line is parallel and
4hours to the right of the
action line F
d. Vaginal examination is done
four hourly. T
e. Plastic Pinnard stethoscope is
better than the metallic one in
monitoring fetal heart rate. T
10/29/2018 69Okechukwu A. Ugwu
70. Concerning the use of this instrument:
a. It is used to reduce the
bisacromial diameter and
allow for vaginal delivery F
b. Cervix need not be fully
dilated in experienced hands T
c. It is employed in the
commonest type of
destructive surgery. T
d. Continuous bladder drainage is
essential after its use T
e. At least 2/5th of the fetal
head must have gone into the
maternal pelvis if its use is
indicated F
10/29/2018 70Okechukwu A. Ugwu
71. About this instrument
a) A tourniquet can be
used in its place. T
b) It is useful in vaginal
hysterectomy F
c) It is used in clamping the
isthmus of the fallopian
tubes F
d) It helps reduce blood
loss during surgery T
e) It can be left in place for
at least 2 hours F
10/29/2018 71Okechukwu A. Ugwu
72. Concerning this instrument,
a. It is used in fistula repair
T
b. Cusco’s speculum can be
used in its place F
c. Its use requires one
assistant T
d. Its use requires more
than one assistant F
e. Autoclaving is
contraindicated F
10/29/2018 72Okechukwu A. Ugwu
73. DERMOID CYST
• Most common benign
tumour of the ovary T
• Most common
neoplasm diagnosed
during pregnancy T
• Most common germ cell
tumour T
• Commonest tumour to
undergo torsion T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 73
74. Ovarian Tumours
• Call Exner Bodies-
Granulosa cell tumour T
• Walthard Cell nest-
Brenner Tumour T
• Signet Ring-Krukuberg
tumour T
• Hobnail Cell- Clear cell
tumour T
• Schiller Duval Bodies-
Endodermal sinus tumour
T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 74
75. CONCERNING OVARIAN TUMOURS
• Skin, Teeth and
cartillage- Teratoma T
• Psammoma bodies-
Serous epithelial
Tumours T
• Pseudomyxoma
peritonei- Mucinous
tumours T
• Rienke’s Crystal- Hilus
cell tumour T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 75
76. • BILATERAL in 10-15% of
cases T
• Malignant change occurs
in 0.5-2% of cases T
• Most common malignant
transformation is
squamous cell tumour
• Lining epithelium is
columnar epithelium F
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 76
77. About the procedure shown
a) It is an endoscopic
procedure T
b) It facilitates directed biopsy
T
c) Areas of CIN appear white
when the cervix is painted
with Lugol’s iodine during
this procedure F
d) It can be used to assess
vascular patterns on the
cervix T
e) The instrument used is a
monocular microscope F
10/29/2018 77Okechukwu A. Ugwu
78. Concerning this picture
a) It is used for emergency
contraception F
b) The duration of use is 10
years F
c) It can cause
amenorrhoea T
d) It can be used as part of a
hormone replacement
therapy regimen T
e) It contains oestrogen and
progestin F
10/29/2018 78Okechukwu A. Ugwu
79. This instrument
a) It is useful in the
management of ante-
partum haemorrhage F
b) A systolic blood pressure of
90mmHg is an indication
for its use T
c) When weaning a patient off
it, it is removed in the
reverse order i.e from no 5
to no 1 F
d) A pulse rate of 60/min is an
indication for its use F
e) It can be employed at every
level of care T
10/29/2018 79Okechukwu A. Ugwu
80. Regarding this lesion
a) It is caused by herpes
simplex virus F
b) Similar lesions may be
found on the vagina,
cervix and uterus F
c) They are generally
painless T
d) Spontaneous healing
occurs within 3 weeks F
e) Pregnancy can make the
lesions large T
10/29/2018 80Okechukwu A. Ugwu
81. Mechanism of Ureteric injury
• Crushing T
• Laceration T
• Ligation with sutures T
• Ischaemia/devasculrisat
ion T
• Segmental resection T
• Transection T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 81
82. Concerning this instrument and its use
a. It is used in a minimally invasive
procedure T
b. Intestinal obstruction is a
contraindication for its use F
c. The procedure can be performed
under general anaesthesia T
d. It is useful in the diagnosis of
uterine perforation F
e. It is contraindicated in the
treatment of endometriosis F
10/29/2018 82Okechukwu A. Ugwu
83. 66. Should be inserted between Day
1-5. T
67. Levels of hormones in the blood
return to normal in a week. T
68. Biodegradable. F
69. Failure rate of 2 in 1000 F
70. Discontinuation rate of 15-25% F
10/29/2018 83Okechukwu Ugwu
84. 61. Routinely done for primigravida
F
62. This type bleeds less T
63. Restrictive used increases
anterior perineal traumaT
64. May have a role in management
of fetal distress T
65. The technique with best
outcome is unknown T
10/29/2018 84Okechukwu Ugwu
85. 56. Two thirds of patients bleed PV T
57. Transvaginal USS is
contraindicated F
58. Bleeding is mainly maternal T
59. Hospital admission yields better
outcome than being at home F
60. Risk of morbidly adherent
placenta in cases of 3 previous CS
and Placenta previa is 45%. T
10/29/2018 85Okechukwu Ugwu
86. 51. Time consuming T
52. 10-15cm long T
53. Preferred in Misgav-Ladach
technique F
54. Utilizes blunt dissection F
55. Has cosmetic appeal T
10/29/2018 86Okechukwu Ugwu
87. 46. This is a pneumatic anti-shock
garment. F
47. One size fits all F
48. Made of Neoprene T
49. Segments 4, 5 and 6 should be
applied by only one person. T
50. It is a definitive treatment. F
10/29/2018 87Okechukwu Ugwu
88. 41. Cost effective investigation T
42. This is risk factor for ectopic
gestation T
43. Live birth rate is reduced by 35%
in patients with this condition
undergoing IVF-ET FALSE
44. Salpingectomy or proximal
occlusion is indicated. T
45. NNT in IVF patients undergoing
treatment for this condition is 6. T
10/29/2018 88Okechukwu Ugwu
89. 36. Incidence of 0.2% T
37. Delivery by extension F
38. Presenting diameter is 9.5cm T
39. Anterior neck mass is the most
common course. F
40. Mentoposerior is better
delivered by CS. T
10/29/2018 89Okechukwu Ugwu
90. 31. Provides illumination and
magnification T
32. 3 consecutive inadequate pap
smear samples is an indication T
33. Ablative technique may be used
for glandular disease. F
34. CCI has a maximum score of 10 T
35. It is unsatisfactory when the
endocervical canal is not visualised
F
10/29/2018 90Okechukwu Ugwu
91. 26. Rupture of this type may be
catastrophic T
27. Typically ruptures around 11weeks.
F
28. Progesterone assay could help
localize gestation. F
29. Wedge resection is the
management of choice. T
30. Total removal of the ipsilateral
tube is recommended. T
10/29/2018 91Okechukwu Ugwu
92. 21. Cervical length of less 25mm at
24wks in a primigravida is an
indication F
22. Outcome is the same as no
intervention in multiple gestation. F
23. Removal of Shirodkar type
requires anaesthesia T
24. Immediate removal following
PPROM optimisises outcome. F
25. Recent evidence supports
laparoscopic over laparotomy for
abdominal cerclage F
10/29/2018 92Okechukwu Ugwu
93. 16. HPV is a double stranded DNA
virus. T
17. Smoking doubles risk of Ca
cervix T
18. Risk due to COCP falls to
baseline in 10 years after stopping.
T
19. Presence of nodal involvement
increases mortality by 30% stage for
stage. F
20. Pregnancy does not adversely
affect outcome. T
10/29/2018 93Okechukwu Ugwu
94. 11. Commoner in multipara T
12. Usually symptomatic F
13. Intermenstrual bleeding is a
recognized symptom T
14. Recurrence rate of about 3% F
15. Monsel paste has a role in
controlling bleeding post-avulsion T
10/29/2018 94Okechukwu Ugwu
95. 1. Also known as pathological
retraction ring T
2. Formed between thinned out
upper segment and lower
segment F
3. Contractions wane off with time
in primigravid women T
4. Electrolytes derangement is
common T
5. Increased risk of PPH T
10/29/2018 95Okechukwu Ugwu
96. 6. Spermatozoa must be
immobilized before injection. T
7. Inverted microscopy is utilized T
8. When indicated, male
karyotyping should be done. T
9. ‘OAT’ syndrome is a
contraindication. F
10. Holding pipette provides gentle
sunction. T
10/29/2018 96Okechukwu Ugwu
97. About this instrument and its use
a. This instrument is called the
Mayo’s scissors. F
b. The procedure must be carried
out on all primigravid women. F
c. Its use can lead to a 3rd degree
perineal tear T
d. Dysmenorrhea is a late
complication of its use F
e. The midline incision is easier to
repair than the medio-lateral
type T
10/29/2018 97Okechukwu A. Ugwu
98. About what is shown
a) It is useful in the
management of cervical
stenosis F
b) It is an absorbable tape F
c) It is usually removed at
gestational age of 36 weeks
F
d) It should be removed when
there are preterm
contractions F
e) When its use is indicated, it
is inserted after the second
missed period F
10/29/2018 98Okechukwu A. Ugwu
99. The procedure shown
a) The patient should lie in the
left lateral position F
b) The tip of the spatula is
introduced into the cervical
canal and the instrument
rotated through 180
degrees F
c) A cytobrush can be used in
place of Ayre’s spatula T
d) Samples taken are
immediately fixed with 70%
alcohol F
e) The cervix is painted with
Lugol’s iodine prior to
sample collection F
10/29/2018 99Okechukwu A. Ugwu
100. Features of delayed ureteric injury
Prolonged ileus T
Watery vaginal discharge T
Prolonged high output
from drains T
Fever/sepsis. T
Persistent flank/
abdominal pain T
Flank mass T
Elevated creatinine or
BUN T
10/29/2018 Okechukwu A. Ugwu 100